The world is again witnessing the use of war as a strategy for mediating unresolved conflicts. A new war involving Iran, the United States, Israel and other Middle East countries joins ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, Sudan, Yemen, Pakistan, Afghanistan and elsewhere. Children are the most vulnerable victims of armed conflict. Tens of thousands have been killed or injured in Gaza and Sudan alone over the past several years. Now, dozens of girls at a primary school in Iran were among the first known casualties of this new war.