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Midwife to a Movement: The Legacy of Trinity Evangelical Divinity School
When I was a student at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School (TEDS), the admissions department hosted a brainstorming session. They asked for our input on recruiting. When you don’t boast a big endowment, you live and die with enrollment.
At least eight of my friends from our time as undergraduates in the Chicago area went on to graduate from a seminary. Four chose the nearby school, TEDS, featuring a world-class faculty of professors like Don Carson, Kevin Vanhoozer, and John Woodbridge. Four others chose The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (SBTS), a few hours south in Louisville on Interstate 65.
I asked the admissions staffer how they attracted students choosing between the two schools. Backed by the Cooperative Program of the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC), SBTS offered much lower tuition, then and now. Not to mention, since he assumed the presidency in 1993, Albert Mohler has recruited a world-class faculty featuring several professors who had taught or studied at TEDS, such as Gregg Allison, Tom Nettles, and Bruce Ware. It wasn’t an easy decision for my friends and me. Everyone seemed happy with their education, however, whichever school they chose.
But the answer I heard that day from the TEDS admissions officer discouraged me. He said they didn’t know many students looking at SBTS.
That’s when I knew TEDS was in trouble—more than 15 years ago.
This week, TEDS announced a merger with sister school Trinity Western University in British Columbia. And the TEDS campus, 2,147 miles away in the Chicago suburbs, will close after the 2025–26 school year. Select faculty and staff may follow to Canada. But a long and illustrious chapter in one of the most prestigious seminaries in the United States has come to a close.
Shaping Evangelicalism
TEDS, as it rose to prominence under its second dean Kenneth Kantzer and employing other post-war evangelical leaders such as Walt Kaiser and Carl F. H. Henry, helped American evangelicals recover from the fundamentalist/modernist controversies of the early 20th century, as well as the inerrancy dispute that erupted at Fuller Theological Seminary in 1962. By the early 21st century, TEDS alumni including David Wells, Mark Noll, Doug Moo, and Craig Blomberg held research positions in other seminaries, while Michael Oh led the Lausanne Movement.
TEDS also hosted the first meeting of The Gospel Coalition nearly 20 years ago, in May 2005, when Carson and Tim Keller convened several dozen North American pastors who shared their concern for restoring a confessional core to evangelicalism. TGC held its first national conference at TEDS in 2007, shortly before I left my job at Christianity Today and enrolled at TEDS. I first met Keller in the TEDS chapel, where he delivered his famous address on gospel-centered ministry. TEDS hosted several subsequent meetings of TGC’s Council, and Carson hired me at TGC upon my graduation from TEDS in 2010.
With this history of evangelical leadership, the reason for the closing of the TEDS campus near Chicago is ironic. TEDS couldn’t survive the growth and spread of neo-evangelicalism across the United States in the last half-century. When Kantzer stepped down as TEDS dean in 1978, the evangelicalism we know today—populated and sometimes dominated by prosperous Southern Baptists—didn’t yet exist. That same year, a group of concerned Southern Baptists led by Paul Pressler and Paige Patterson met to discuss how they could shift the largest Protestant denomination in a conservative direction. That plan began to unfold in 1979 with the election of Adrian Rogers as the convention’s president. But it took until 1993 for that strategy to result in Mohler’s presidency at SBTS. And where did Mohler turn for a speaker at his inauguration? Henry, who reunited with Billy Graham, his longtime collaborator in such neo-evangelical ventures as Christianity Today.
TEDS couldn’t survive the growth and spread of neo-evangelicalism across the United States in the last half-century.
For much of Mohler’s 32-year tenure, SBTS has been the largest SBC school and one of the largest seminaries in the world, with 3,281 students. By contrast, in about a decade between 2013 and 2022, TEDS’s full-time equivalent enrollment declined by more than 40 percent to 491. According to the most recent reports, SBC schools educate nearly 20 percent of all theology students in the United States. And they do so in a way that more closely resembles the TEDS of Kantzer than SBTS before Mohler.
A faculty colleague of mine will often joke that his church growing up was so fundamentalist that they thought Southern Baptists were liberal. It’s not a description many would use for the SBC today. But before 1979, the SBC was more of a mainline Southern denomination with a wider spectrum of belief. That year, SBTS hosted the liberal World Council of Churches. Henry, though a member of Capitol Hill Baptist Church in Washington, DC, and a world-famous theologian, wasn’t getting invites to Louisville before Mohler.
Foy Valentine, executive director of the Southern Baptist Christian Life Commission (now the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission) from 1960 to 1987, talked to Newsweek magazine for its landmark “year of the evangelicals” cover story in 1976. The moderate Baptist leader, noted for his support of the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, told Kenneth Woodward,
We are not evangelicals. That’s a Yankee word. They want to claim us because we are big and successful and growing every year. But we have our own traditions, our own hymns and more students in our seminaries than they have in all of theirs put together.1
Today, one of Valentine’s successors, Russell Moore, works as editor in chief of Christianity Today, which Henry served as the first editor.
Mourning the End
On the other side of the conservative resurgence, few would dispute that Southern Baptists are evangelicals. And anyone who attends the meetings of the Evangelical Theological Society or browses book catalogs from evangelical publishers knows how much power and influence Southern Baptists wield among their born-again peers. And it’s not just SBTS any longer. This year, Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Kansas City, Missouri, celebrated its 12th consecutive year of record enrollment and has surpassed SBTS for the most full-time equivalent students with 1,862. In the end, it was hard for TEDS, with a small endowment and increasing tuition costs, to compete against these growing schools to the south and west.
As a TEDS alumnus, I mourn the end of the school that trained me for ministry, even as I hope for what God might do in a new form for its future. I still wonder if better decisions by leaders could have avoided this outcome that weakens a longtime pillar of evangelicalism, not only in the Midwest and United States but in the entire world. Students today, ministering in confused and often hostile cultures, need more seminary training, not less. I couldn’t have prayed for a better preparation for ministry, in everything from Greek exegesis to Christian history. And almost every day, I thank God for the generous donors who made that education possible.
As a TEDS alumnus, I mourn the end of the school that trained me for ministry, even as I hope for what God might do in a new form for its future.
But from the broader historical vantage point, TEDS was caught between two eras. Indeed, TEDS helped rescue evangelicals from one era and deliver them into another. TEDS never benefited from the ample endowments that propped up other Protestant schools such as Harvard, Princeton, Yale, and Duke despite their declining enrollments and liberalizing doctrine. Nor did TEDS benefit from the generous support of the largest Protestant denomination as its conservative turn transformed seminaries and delivered record enrollments.
For a time that feels too brief for those who love her, TEDS gave evangelicals an academically rigorous, confessionally serious alternative to death-dealing liberalism and soul-stifling fundamentalism. In the end, TEDS helped midwife another new evangelicalism that spanned the Mason-Dixon Line, with brighter prospects than Kantzer and Henry probably ever imagined.
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1 Quoted by Kenneth L. Woodward in “Born Again! The Year of the Evangelicals,” Newsweek 88 (October 25, 1976): 76.