Scholars Say Many Beliefs About Vikings Are Based On Medieval Fiction Scandinavian studies scholars at the University of Münster have delivered a sobering message to enthusiasts of Viking culture: much of what modern audiences believe about Norse warriors and pagan mythology cannot be scientifically verified. The revelations emerged from research conducted at the Cluster of Excellence "Religion and Politics," challenging centuries of assumptions about one of history's most romanticized civilizations.Roland Scheel, a Scandinavian scholar leading the research, explained that primary sources were written by Christian scholars well over a century after the Viking period ended. Apart from brief runic inscriptions, no written texts from the original era have survived. This creates what he calls "memorialized history" rather than contemporary accounts, recounts a University of Münster release.History of the Vikings: All You Need to KnowPaganism in the Viking Age: The Norse Gods Who Resisted Christianity  Gary Manners 23 November, 2025 - 14:50 Section Artifacts Ancient Writings News History & Archaeology History