On Wednesday Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., released a study that is critical of gender-affirming care for minors. It updates a widely criticized study that was released in May. The American Medical Association and numerous other major medical organizations support psychological and medical treatments that help transgender children live as the gender they identify as. Between 2.5 and 8.4 percent of children identify as transgender or gender-diverse. This means they identify with a different gender than, or have a gender expression that does not conform to, the norms of their sex assigned at birth. Gender-affirming treatment can include puberty-blocking hormones and sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen. The effects of puberty blockers are reversible; sex hormones cause more lasting effects.