Former President Donald J. Trump has told advisers and allies that he likes the idea of a 16-week national abortion ban with three exceptions‚ in cases of rape or incest‚ or to save the life of the mother‚ according to two people with direct knowledge of Mr. Trump’s deliberations. Mr. Trump has studiously avoided taking a clear position on restrictions to abortion since Roe v. Wade was overturned in the middle of 2022‚ galvanizing Democrats ahead of the midterm elections that year. He has...