DHAKA, Bangladesh — Bangladesh’s Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus has been chosen to head the country’s interim government after the nation’s longtime prime minister resigned and fled abroad in the face of violent unrest against her rule. Known as the “banker to the poorest of the poor” and a longtime critic of the ousted Sheikh Hasina, Yunus will act as a caretaker premier until new elections are held. The decision followed a meeting late Tuesday that included student protest leaders, military...