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The Fertility Safety Net Women Were Sold Is Leaving Some With Fewer Options Than Expected
This article is part of Upstream, The Daily Wire’s new home for culture and lifestyle. Real human insight and human stories — from our featured writers to you.
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Dax Shepherd made headlines earlier this year for telling his 11-year-old daughter that he’d pay for her to freeze her eggs when she turns 18 so she won’t “have to think about that.” By “that,” what the actor presumably meant was any trade-offs at all.
A woman’s window for having children is biologically determined, starting in her adolescence and ending in her forties, with declines in fertility beginning on average in her mid-to-late thirties. Egg freezing, proponents tell us, is a way to extend that window as much as possible and stave off any declines. The idea is that if a woman freezes her eggs at the peak of her fertility — in her twenties, or perhaps even earlier — she can buy herself time in her thirties and forties, and maybe even beyond that if she’s willing to use a surrogate. Clearly, more and more people find it compelling: Between 2014 and 2021, the number of women undergoing egg freezing nearly quadrupled, and many employers now offer it as a health benefit.
Egg freezing, in other words, has been successfully presented in the culture as a trade-off-free solution to trade-offs that have traditionally been forced by biology and social mores. There’s no rush to date, or marry, or have kids; your eggs are frozen, you can relax, you have all the time in the world.
The problem is that no matter the cultural narrative that has formed around egg freezing, technology has yet to supersede biology. Egg freezing, like any other treatment, comes with real trade-offs and potential side effects, and it should be treated as the medical procedure it is, rather than a means of prolonging family formation indefinitely.
To be clear, there are cases where egg freezing has obvious pros: For instance, ovarian cancer patients can freeze their eggs prior to chemotherapy to help preserve their fertility. Women with endometriosis or polycystic ovarian syndrome can also often benefit from egg freezing at younger ages, as those conditions often make natural conception more difficult. It is a great blessing of the modern world that we can avail ourselves of these options.
That said, there are also cons to egg freezing that almost no one talks about. Julie Fredrickson, a venture capitalist in Montana, wrote on her blog that she chose to freeze her eggs in her early 30s as “an insurance policy” when she and her husband were struggling to establish their careers. But by the time the invasive egg extraction procedure was over, Fredrickson began to develop an autoimmune condition that left her too sick to be able to carry a pregnancy. Her rheumatologist believes it was caused by the egg freezing process itself.
“I’m honestly astonished no one said a f*cking thing,” she wrote. “No maybe you should talk to a counselor. No here is what could go wrong. No here is how you might feel. No disclosure or discussions of some of the outlier cases of how these hormones might impact me … I’d struggled with some inflammatory conditions as a kid … But no one ever brought up that being stimulated to produce eggs for harvesting might set off a chain reaction with my latent autoimmune complaints.”
Fredrickson’s story, while perhaps rare, shows the importance of informed consent that is often glossed over by free advertising from stories in the mainstream media. Dismissing possible side effects while overselling efficacy rates is ultimately harmful to women, whether they choose to freeze their eggs or not.
Take Brigitte Adams, who went viral in 2014 for being on the cover of Bloomberg Businessweek on an issue titled “Freeze your eggs, Free your career.” At the time, the idea was new, even revolutionary. And yet, per a Washington Post article that profiled her four years later, when she was in her mid 40s, she was unable to have a child from any of the 11 eggs she had frozen.
Unfortunately, her story is not uncommon: The overall chance of a live birth from frozen eggs is just 39%, which is lower than the overall chance of a live birth from embryo transfer.
That’s not even considering the logistical challenges. Women who freeze their eggs not only pay the cost of the medical procedure, but the steep cost of keeping their eggs frozen, often entailing two or three decades worth of subscription fees. They are also physically storing their potential futures in an external space that’s out of their control, which entails real risk, too; there have been cases, including in California and Ohio, where eggs and embryos have been lost or destroyed by clinics.
Additionally, because frozen eggs have to be fertilized in vitro, and embryos have to be created outside the womb, women should also consider how they might feel about having frozen embryos down the line that they might never implant. For some women, it’s no problem at all, but for other women, it can become (sometimes unexpectedly) a cause of real moral concern.
None of this is to say that egg freezing is inherently a bad decision, just that it’s a more serious one than the media and industry make it out to be. Beyond that, only 6% of patients use their eggs within five to seven years, with higher rates of use among older women. While there may be many reasons for this — including the possibility that many women with frozen eggs wind up getting pregnant naturally — it implies that at least some of these women are having difficulty getting to a place in life where they feel prepared to have children. Given the steep cost of egg freezing, it’s less likely that most of these women feel unprepared financially, and more likely that even with what has been touted as an “insurance policy” and “extra time,” they are still having difficulty meeting men and settling down.
Acknowledging this shouldn’t entail shaming single women; rather, it should make us consider just how much contemporary dating culture is failing women. We expect women to tolerate what Hadley Heath Manning, in a report for Independent Women, calls “the decade of dating — often a decade of drifting through life — that the average American experiences today between their late teens and late twenties.” This expectation of “drifting” hurts men, too, but ultimately it is women who have the most to lose in the precious years of their youth.
Rather than encouraging egg freezing as a means to enable even more wasted time among men and women alike, we should encourage young people to align themselves with biological reality. At its best, egg freezing can be a means to work with that reality, but it should not be seen as a way to escape the very real choices that all humans inevitably face. After all, the ultimate biological clock, for men and women alike, is death. Even if modern technology gives us a wider array of reproductive choices than people had in the past, we can only kick down the can for so long.
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Neeraja Deshpande is an Independent Women policy analyst and senior IW Features contributor.