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Roman Cults
The Roman Empire was home to various cults that vied for prominence alongside Christianity. Among these were the worship of Sol, Mithras, and Elagabal. Sol, the Sun god, was revered by the Romans as a source of warmth and light, with modest sanctuaries dedicated to him throughout Rome. Although often associated with Apollo, Sol remained a minor deity until later emperors elevated his status.
In the second century, the cult of Mithras emerged, characterized by its secretive male-only worship groups. Ritual meals were held in cave-like sanctuaries, with cosmic symbolism playing a crucial role. The seven grades of initiation corresponded to the seven planets, and Mithras was frequently depicted with the Sun god, leading to his title "Sol Invictus Mithras."
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