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Queen Margherita’s elevator restored
An electric elevator installed for Queen Margherita of Italy in 1905 has been restored, not to its original function, but to its original wood paneled beauty. The elevator connected the first floor where the queen and her ladies lived to the ground floor of the Palazzina di Caccia di Stupinigi, a royal hunting lodge on the outskirts of Turin. It had a wooden cabin with a sliding door with eight frosted glass windows. A Bakelite button panel is lost, leaving behind only minute traces.
Of the old elevator in Stupinigi, only the wooden cabin was preserved, as if suspended in time, since the electrical and “hydraulic pump” instrumentation as described in the documents was no longer preserved. The space that houses the wooden cabin had been separated from the basement, where the systems must have been located, and from the upper floor by partitions built during the second half of the twentieth century. The cabin was preserved not entirely intact in its internal parts but still maintained the two doors that allowed access to the compartment and the historic glass in place. The elevator was internally illuminated and had a button panel that is no longer preserved.
The restoration involved the repair of the poplar structure and the walnut veneer that had detachments and deformations due to humidity. The dome, decorated with a baluster motif, had numerous gaps that were filled in. Scientific analyses allowed us to study the protective varnishes and determine the most suitable solution to restore the artifact to a stable and durable condition.
Elevators have a long history in Italy. Of course the ancient Romans had the pulley elevators in the underground of the Colosseum that raised wild animals to the arena floor and similar devices were used to carry heavy materials in the construction of medieval cathedrals. But Italy claims an important first in elevator history. The first elevator in the modern sense of a mechanical cabin permanently installed in a building to transport people between different floors was the elevator that brought people up to the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica so they didn’t have to trudge up 320 stairs. It was installed in the 16th century.
The Officine Meccaniche Stigler created its first hydraulic lift to transport people up and down floors in 1870. The Grand Hotel Costanzi in Rome. The first Stigler Electric Lift was produced in 1895. It had a rope system to control the ascent and descent, but that was soon replaced by push buttons. The new electric push button-operated elevators became all the rage and the Savoy royal family had them installed in several of their palaces.
Princess Maria Clotilde di Savoia had a beautiful Stigler elevator installed in her residence, the Moncalieri Castle, in the first years of the 1900s. The Moncalieri elevator also went up and down a single floor, connecting the princess’ apartment on the first floor with her daughter Maria Letizia’s apartment on the ground floor. It too was recently restored as part of a much larger restoration project in the wake of a 2008 fire that devastated the castle. Thankfully, almost all of its original elements survived. It is made of wood, glass and brass, and is intact with its glass access door and two sliding doors with glass panels opening to an inner cabin. The original electric motor is still in place, as is the brass lever system that operated the elevator. Today the elevator is in active use, making the first floor accessible to visitors with mobility issues.