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San Diego Comic-Con 2026: Every Major Panel To Watch For
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San Diego Comic-Con 2026: Every Major Panel To Watch For

News SDCC 2026 San Diego Comic-Con 2026: Every Major Panel To Watch For Marvel Studios returns to San Diego Comic-Con as we (hopefully) get a better look at the future of Star Trek By Matthew Byrd | Published on July 21, 2026 Image Credit: Paramount+ Comment 0 Share New Share Image Credit: Paramount+ San Diego Comic-Con is a strange creature of an event. What was once a destination for comic fans everywhere morphed into the annual showpiece event for some of the biggest film and television studios in the world. In more recent years, though, Comic-Con has been caught in the middle of a series of industry shifts that have left the event feeling slightly less spectacular than it did during its peak years of popularity. The once-can’t-miss convention sometimes comes and goes with little more than a whimper to mark its passage. SDCC 2026 feels different. From Marvel’s return to Hall H to a much-anticipated look at the future of Star Trek, this year’s SDCC is set to do what the best SDCC events of previous years have done: set the tone for the year (or even years) ahead. That’s to say nothing of the various live-only events that still make SDCC one of the last great mega conventions. But since there’s a good chance that you’ll be following the event from home this year, here’s a rundown of some of the biggest panels to keep an eye on. Avatar Aang: The Last Airbender: Thursday, July 23 (1:00 PM PDT) The entirety of Avatar Aang: The Last Airbender leaking online a few weeks ago was a weird bit of business, but the “good” news is that reactions to the movie itself were generally positive. Those of you who preferred to not pirate the film (or simply never knew the leak happened) will have the chance to get a better, proper look at the next Avatar adventure. Described as a kind of “pre-sequel,” this animated film follows Aang and friends on a grand adventure that will (at least softly) lead into the events of The Legend of Korra. We’ve actually gotten a trailer for this movie already as well as news that it will receive a limited theatrical release for possible awards consideration, so this panel will likely largely consist of cast and crew stories and production information. Still, it should be a good time. Blade Runner 2099 & The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power: Friday, July 24 (10:00 AM PDT) Somewhat surprisingly, Prime Video is running a joint event for two of its biggest upcoming projects. And while there are certainly reasons to look forward to the Rings of Power Season 3 presentation (at least depending on where you stood on the show’s second season), Blade Runner 2099 may actually be the biggest star of this particular show. Until now, we really haven’t seen anything of Prime Video’s much-hyped Blade Runner miniseries. Odds seem good that we’ll actually get a bit of footage from the show at SDCC 2026, but even a release date and a cast showcase would go a long way to making us feel a little more genuinely excited about this show that is more of an idea at the moment than a fully-formed creative vision. Lanterns: Friday, July 24 (1:30 PM PDT) As time goes on, we may find that there are simply advantages and disadvantages to James Gunn’s apparent insistence on diving deep into DC lore through various projects. Based on what we know, though, the Lanterns series is shaping up to be one of the bigger arguments for the advantages of letting such stories exist on their own terms with relatively less grounding. Lanterns follows Hal Jordan and John Stewart as they investigate a seemingly humble earthbound murder case that may be tied into a much bigger plot. While recent trailers for the show have offered a surprising amount of plot details, there’s still quite a bit about this multiverse (and seemingly multi-timeline) show that looks more like True Detective than a Green Lanterns series that we still don’t know about. Hopefully, this upcoming conference will reveal a little more about the show without giving too much away. Star Trek Universe: Saturday, July 25 (12:30 PM PDT) If this isn’t the biggest panel at SDCC 2026, it’s certainly the most intriguing. Star Trek is in a weird place at the moment, to say the least. Strange New Worlds is wrapping up, and a new regime presides over the future of a franchise that doesn’t seem to have much of a definitive future at the moment outside of a few rumors and wrapping up some existing projects. This panel will almost certainly contribute to the ongoing celebration of Star Trek’s 60th anniversary, but all eyes will really be on whether or not we get confirmation of any additional Star Trek movies or TV series that are in the works. Alternatively, it could be interesting to see how the cast of the few lingering Star Trek projects deal with discussing the legacy of a franchise (and their own projects) that appears to largely be on hold for the first time in a long time. It’s the chaos of the thing that makes it so fascinating. Apple TV Showcase: Saturday, July 25 (2:00 PM PDT) Apple TV has quickly turned into the destination for some of the best sci-fi, fantasy, and horror shows in quite some time. So their presence at SDCC this year is far less of a “happy to be invited” affair and closer to a genuine look into the present and future of some of the more exciting genre series out there at the moment. Specifically, Apple TV is expected to feature the following shows at SDCC 2026: Silo Dark Matter Widow’s Bay On paper, Apple TV will basically just be doing a victory lap for their recent genre hits. However, there is some hope that they will also at least tease a few of their upcoming series. And while it’s way too early to hope for a preview of any of the upcoming Brandon Sanderson series, a Neuromancer teaser or trailer is certainly not off the table. Marvel Studios: Saturday, July 25 (5:30 PM PDT) If SDCC 2026 feels a touch thin this year on Saturday in terms of major presentations, it’s probably because Marvel Studios has returned to Hall H and everyone else has rightfully recognized that it’s going to be pretty difficult to steal their thunder this year. In essence, this is seemingly the Avengers: Doomsday panel with just a touch of Spider-Man: Brand New Day thrown in. The Doomsday of it all alone is enough to get people buzzing, as we can fully expect to see more footage, more cast reveals, and more cryptic teasers of the movie that may make or break the MCU (while still making $1 billion regardless). However, given that Marvel just released a surprise trailer for Doomsday ahead of SDCC 2026, you certainly can’t rule out the possibility that this panel will include a better look at Marvel’s post-Doomsday plans. Other Panels of Note: Percy Jackson and the Olympians: Thursday, July 23 (11 AM PDT) Hope (Neon): Thursday, July 23 (4:30 PM PDT) The Vampire Lestat: Friday, July 24 (12:30 PM PDT) The 20th Anniversary of Guillermo del Toro’s Pan’s Labyrinth: Friday, July 24 (5:15 PM PDT) Carrie: Saturday, July 25 (4:45 PM PDT)[end-mark] The post San Diego Comic-Con 2026: Every Major Panel To Watch For appeared first on Reactor.

Subtext and Tragedy Dominate the Latest Episodes of X-Men ’97
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Subtext and Tragedy Dominate the Latest Episodes of X-Men ’97

Movies & TV Subtext and Tragedy Dominate the Latest Episodes of X-Men ’97 Can Morph and Wolverine overtake Magneto and Xavier for the most subtext of the X-friends? By Ben Francisco | Published on July 21, 2026 Image: Marvel Studios Animation Comment 0 Share New Share Image: Marvel Studios Animation “Rise of Apocalypse Part II” The conclusion of this two-parter picks up where episode three left off, right after the attack by Rama-Tut (John de Lancie). Magneto (Matthew Waterson) has managed to protect the X-Men with his magnetism, but En Sabah Nur’s (Adetokumboh M’Cormack) base and army have been destroyed, leaving Nur enraged at the consequences of the X-Men’s betrayal.  The X-Men huddle amidst the wreckage of Nur’s old base. Magneto still hopes to create a better future by steering Nur—a.k.a. the future Apocalypse—toward a nobler path. Bishop (Isaac Robinson-Smith) warns him against meddling with the timeline, and most of the team shares his skepticism. Only Rogue (Lenore Zann) seems sympathetic, imagining a future where Genosha was never destroyed and Gambit was never lost. Magneto cuts off the debate by disabling Bishop’s timeband, unilaterally stranding the team in ancient Egypt unless they can find the lost temple and use its power to get them home.  Professor X (Ross Marquand) explains to Nur that the X-Men are from the future and shares his dream of mutants and humans living in harmony. Nur remains focused on his philosophy of survival of the fittest but allows Xavier to probe his mind, revealing painful memories of being abandoned by his mother and a lifetime in slavery. It also reveals a constellation that will guide them to the temple they all seek.   Nur and the X-Men trek by camel across the desert. Camping out for a night before they arrive, Rogue has a heart-to-heart with En Sabah Nur, who still sees love as a weakness. Professor X is visited in a telepathic vision by Rama-Tut, who reveals he’s also known as Kang and many other names. He tells Charles the only way for him to prevent Apocalypse from ascending is by allowing Tut to gain the power of the celestial temple instead of Nur. The X-Men enter the temple and split up to find the energy source they seek. The group led by Beast (George Buza) finds a set of controls and realizes that the temple is actually the spacecraft Ship, which they know as a weapon of Apocalypse in their own time. En Sabah Nur, Professor X, and Bishop find engravings showing Nur rising to power, surrounded by the X-Men! Nur realizes it’s a depiction of his own future—and that the X-Men have been trying to stop him from attaining his destiny. Nur handily disables the X-Men and enters the inner shrine of the temple. There, he encounters a god-like Celestial, who calls on Nur to be an avatar of destruction. Image: Marvel Studios Animation Beast brings the X-Men timebands, which he’s restored with technology from Ship. The team again debates the intricacies of time and destiny, and Magneto again ends the conversation unilaterally, sending everyone back to the 1990s except him and Charles, who resists the pull of the time portal by clinging to Magneto’s cape.  Nur emerges from the shrine, now transformed into a fully empowered Apocalypse, and orders Ship to destroy the city. Tut flees, explaining that he’s missed the opportunity to conquer this time period and must seek out another.  Magneto wraps Apocalypse in metal and hurls him into the desert. But since Ship will only obey Apocalypse’s orders, they have no way to stop it from razing the city. Magneto pushes his powers to their limit, using them to redirect the black hole that Ship has created and saving the lives of all the city’s denizens. “Honor me with action, not tears,” Erik tells Charles, as they say farewell in a heartfelt embrace. A weakened Magneto falls to the desert outside the city. Apocalypse returns and warns Xavier that the ones he cares for will be his undoing—and then vaporizes Magneto. A tearful Xavier yells that Apocalypse will always be a monster.  Apocalypse walks away, and Bishop reappears to bring a bereaved Professor X back to the 1990s. “Weapon X, Lies, and DVDs” Image: Marvel Studios Animation In a first for this season, the opening credits feature the “full” current X-Men team, with a whopping ten members. This is a bottle episode focusing exclusively on Morph and Wolverine, presumably before they know that Bishop has returned with the others, so the credits offer an interesting clue to the season’s direction. For the first time, Forge gets his own title card, confirming his full integration to the team. Magneto is notably absent, which is not surprising after his dire fate in the prior episode. Jubilee also doesn’t get her usual title card—presumably because she’s still with team X-Force, which could lead to some interesting tensions down the road. The story itself opens on Morph (J.P. Karliak) piloting a helicopter with a team that Wolverine (Cal Dodd) has assembled: Sabretooth (Darin De Paul), Maverick (Crispin Freeman), Kane (Ben Pronsky), and Yuriko, a.k.a. Lady Deathstrike (Erika Ishii). All were subjected to the experiments of the Weapon X program in the past, and all—as Morph wryly notes—have complicated histories with Logan. Wolverine has learned that Dr. Cornelius (Todd Haberkorn) has renewed the program’s unethical experiments; this motley team’s mission is to shut it down for good. A flock of mutated birds makes the helicopter crash, leaving Kane dead. The survivors are attacked by a polar bear—infected in the same way as the birds were. In the ensuing battle, the others see that Wolverine has lost his adamantium, astonished that such a thing is even possible. The group explores the facility, which is strewn with corpses. They find Dr. Cornelius and question him—but then he transforms into an insect-like form! Other giant flying insects attack—and the group speculates that they’re of alien origin. Image: Marvel Studios Animation Suspicions rise in the group about who could have been infected by the alien bugs, though Morph notes that Cornelius and the other scientists may have intentionally experimented with injections of alien DNA. The team splits up, with Maverick and Wolverine allegedly going in search of a vehicle, while the others go to reboot the generators so they can get out. Yuriko, Morph, and Sabretooth find a cache of DVDs, their labels a veritable basket of Easter eggs for fans, including names such as Aurora, Fantomex, Winter Soldier, and X-23. On one of the DVDs, Dr. Cornelius explains that their subjects have been difficult to control, because their traumatic memories always eventually resurfaced. The scientists discovered a Brood alien, an insect-like species with a hive mind. They attempted to use the Brood’s cranial fluids to purge their subjects’ memories, hoping for complete obedience—but the resulting hybrids have proved both untamable and unable to survive the adamantium process.  The three escape another Brood attack and seek out their two remaining teammates. They track them down not to a vehicle bay as Wolverine had claimed, but to the lab where Logan was first laced with adamantium. A Brood-Wolverine hybrid attacks, along with dozens of other Brood. In the battle, Maverick is killed and a hibernating Omega Red (Darin De Paul) is released from his suspension pod. Lady Deathstrike, Morph, and Sabretooth wall themselves off for a brief respite from the battle. They argue about what to do, and note that Wolverine has been deceiving them: his true purpose was always to regain the adamantium reinforcement for his bones and claws. Morph realizes that the Brood can’t survive the adamantium process but Wolverine can—so they hatch a scheme to lure him into the adamantium chamber and purge him of Brood influence. Morph poses as Cyclops to goad the Brood-erine into the chamber, but Sabretooth spoils the plan with an ambush. Morph pleads with the feral Wolverine, reminding him of their friendship. But it’s only when Morph transforms into Jean that Wolverine pauses for a moment, giving Lady Deathstrike an opening to knock him into the adamantium chamber.  Image: Marvel Studios Animation Omega Red assaults Morph and Yuriko, ready to use the Brood to conquer the planet. But then Wolverine emerges from the chamber, cleansed of the Brood infection and again sporting his shiny, indestructible adamantium claws. He repels Omega Red and helps the remaining crew to escape. As the team flies away, the Weapon X research facility explodes below them. On the flight home, Wolverine explains that he’s not like Morph; all he is is an animal with claws. Morph asks, “Doesn’t that make you sad? It makes me sad, Logan.” Commentary Image: Marvel Studios Animation With these two episodes, the showrunners seem to be closely hewing to the structure that was so successful in the first season: a few episodes of build-up, a big midpoint confrontation culminating in an unexpected death, and then a bottle episode focusing on a key popular character. In the first season, the midpoint climax was the Sentinel attack on Genosha, leading to Gambit’s death; this time it’s the rise of Apocalypse, and Magneto is the one who died unexpectedly. Magneto’s death did not hit me quite as hard as Gambit’s last season, and part of me felt like the show was trying to catch lightning in a bottle a second time and not quite succeeding. There’s some epic animation for Magneto’s rescue of the city, but for me, the most effective parts of the tragic turn were Xavier’s reactions. The relationship between Magneto and Charles has always been rife with subtext, but this show has been going all-in on it to the point where it becomes the text itself. Charles clinging to Magneto’s cape, their emotional embrace, and Charles’s flowing tears are all powerful images conveying the depth of their connection. The version of Professor X in this particular show has always been quite gentle and benevolent, so when he yells at Apocalypse that his mother was right to abandon him, you know he must be hurting.  Just before he dies, Magneto’s helmet cracks, and Charles is able to communicate with him telepathically. This seems like it might be a set-up for introducing Onslaught, a psionic villain created by the melding of the subconscious emotions of both Professor X and Magneto. I have trouble imagining Onslaught fitting into this season, which has been firmly Apocalypse-centered, but the writers are likely also planting seeds for the third season and beyond. Image: Marvel Studios Animation En Sabah Nur’s transformation into Apocalypse was interesting, and leaves me wondering how this misadventure in the past will affect things in the 1990s. It seems likely the X-Men have made Apocalypse even more dangerous, which would be interesting. The others continually fail to listen to Bishop’s warnings about the time stream, even though he’s by far the most experienced time traveller in the group. I foresee many “Bishop Was Right,” T-shirts and memes in the near future. John de Lancie’s performance as Rama-Tut was reminiscent of his role as Q in Star Trek: the Next Generation, which worked well given that both are coy tricksters with power outside normal human understanding. I had hoped for a more direct confrontation between the X-Men and the Kang variant, but I can see how the story didn’t allow space for that. Last season, the midpoint climax was followed by a stand-alone episode focused on Storm; this season, we get one focused on Wolverine, with his bestie Morph tagging along. I was glad they included Morph amidst this motley crew of soldiers and assassins; they added some much-needed levity, and it also gave us the chance to spotlight their friendship with Wolverine for the first time.  The subtext between Morph and Wolverine bursts into the text perhaps even more than Xavier and Magneto’s, with Sabretooth and Yuriko both chiding Morph for their excessive devotion to Logan. Karliak’s voice acting as Morph is impressive in its nuance, portraying their deep feelings for Logan while also conveying a kind of queer resilience. There were times I felt almost uncomfortable with the episode’s depiction of a queer unrequited crush, which partly speaks to its effectiveness—and it certainly is period-accurate for the 1990s.  The last scene of the episode was by far the most powerful. It’s a bold move having Morph express the sadness that Wolverine can’t. So often, Wolverine’s gruffness is presented as a strength, but the closing dialogue reveals the ways that it can also be a weakness: an inability to explore or express emotions, which Morph is able to do with ease, revealing a different kind of strength and resilience.   I was a bit surprised that Wolverine regained his adamantium so quickly, but it makes sense given the fast clip of this series. Image: Marvel Studios Animation I continued to enjoy the cameos and fan service in these episodes, particularly getting to see the Celestials and Rama-Tut taking on his Kang form. But there were also moments where they seemed excessive, especially Morph’s transformations into nearly the entire Alpha Flight line-up over the course of one episode. It seems like Morph’s shapeshifting is mostly being used as fodder for trailers. In the first few episodes, I appreciated that they divided up the team, allowing us to focus on a few characters at a time. But we’re now more than halfway through the season and have yet to see the full team reunited in the 1990s. I’m looking forward to finally getting that payoff with the next episode and hope the rest of the season will offer us a satisfying crescendo to a big confrontation with Apocalypse.[end-mark] The post Subtext and Tragedy Dominate the Latest Episodes of <i>X-Men ’97</i> appeared first on Reactor.

Read an Excerpt From The Unknown by Riley Sager
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Read an Excerpt From The Unknown by Riley Sager

Excerpts Horror Read an Excerpt From The Unknown by Riley Sager In 1926, five women disappeared from a remote island in Vermont. Now, one hundred years later, it’s happening again. By Riley Sager | Published on July 21, 2026 Comment 0 Share New Share We’re thrilled to share an excerpt from The Unknown, a horror novel by Riley Sager publishing with Dutton on August 4th. Struggling actress Marin Keane is shocked when she lands a role in a major motion picture about the unsolved mystery of New Avalon, an island on sprawling Lake Faraday in Vermont. She’s even more surprised when she learns that the role requires a weeklong research trip to that very spot.Because New Avalon isn’t your ordinary island. A century ago, it was a commune for spiritual mediums—until they all vanished in 1926. The only trace of them was five dresses hanging from the branches of an old oak tree in the middle of the island, one for each missing woman. Some locals say they simply left. Others think they were murdered. But the prevailing opinion, thanks to a diary left behind by one of the vanished, a young woman named Daisy Rue, is that a séance gone wrong conjured something supernatural that took them all one by one.Not long after arriving, Marin and her castmates, including legendary actress Violet Wright and white-hot director Ronan Peters, begin to realize all is not right with New Avalon. They hear strange noises in the night and notice mysterious symbols left behind by the island’s previous occupants. And after a sudden health emergency leaves Marin, Ronan, and the other actors stranded on the island, the disappearances begin again.Is it the work of someone trying to derail the movie? Or is the island’s alleged supernatural past catching up with the present? As fear and suspicion mount, Marin turns to Daisy’s diary, hoping it holds the key to figuring out what really happened to the women of New Avalon—and how to keep the island’s terrible history from repeating itself. Buy the Book The Unknown Riley Sager Buy Book The Unknown Riley Sager Buy this book from: AmazonBarnes and NobleiBooksIndieBoundTarget One The island sits in the middle of the lake, a black smudge on the horizon. Although I can see it when the car pulls up to the dock, its details remain elusive, out of reach. Less an island than the suggestion of one. Loretta is waiting for me on the dock, her ensemble as dark as the distant island behind her. Black slacks. Black blazer. Black Wayfarers. Her presence is unexpected. One, she’s the producer and, presumably, has better things to do. Two, I didn’t even know she was going to be here. And, three, I was supposed to be dropped off an hour ago. Even though the delay was caused by a snarl of traffic near Albany and the driver’s fickle GPS, it’s never good to be late for your first day on the job. Especially one like this. That’s why I spring from the car before it comes to a complete stop, apologies at the ready. “I’m so sorry! You wouldn’t believe the number of cars on the road at this hour.” “Ronan and the others have already been taken to the island,” Loretta tells me as we collect my bags from the car. “They can’t wait to meet you. We’re all so excited.” “Me, too!” I exclaim, feigning enthusiasm, when in truth I’m tired and slightly carsick from the hours-long ride to Vermont. And nervous. So nervous it makes my legs heavy as we head to a waiting powerboat. Weighed down by anxiety and my suitcase, I shuffle across the dock, trying in vain to keep up with Loretta’s long, confident strides. There’s not another boat on the water, making the lake as smooth as glass. The rest of the dock is also empty save for a man waiting by the boat. He’s a cliché in his own right. An old salt plucked from central casting. Grizzled face, gray beard, years of peering at the sun-brightened water giving him a perpetual squint. “I’m Pete,” he says while taking the suitcase from my hands and hoisting it into the boat. “Welcome aboard.” “I’m Marin,” I say. “Sorry about forcing you to make another trip.” Pete sniffs. “Don’t you worry about that. Had to make two trips anyway to get the earlier crew over there. This ain’t no trouble at all. You another one of them actresses?”“Yes,” I say, and for the first time in my life, it doesn’t feel like a lie. I am an actress. Who, as of three days ago, was still working as a waitress. How this all came to pass remains a blur in my anxiety-riddled, sleep-deprived memory. It happened so fast that it still feels like a fever dream. Exactly one week ago, my agent, Veronica, sent me a casting notice for a movie that called for a woman in her late twenties with a “period look.” Lucky for me, I fit the bill. Still, I couldn’t help but think it was all some kind of mistake. “You want me to audition for a movie?” I said when I called Veronica on my break. “It’ll be good experience for you,” she said, indicating that even she had no illusions I could actually book the part. “What kind of movie is it?” “Horror,” Veronica said, quickly adding, “Elevated horror. Whatever that means. I assume it’s respectable since Ronan Peters is directing and Violet Wright has agreed to star.” I gulped down my shock. The Ronan Peters directing the Violet Wright? In a horror movie, no less? An unexpected pairing like that would definitely get people talking. This was indeed a real movie. A potentially huge one. “I was told it’s a casting emergency. The original actress just dropped out, leaving them in the lurch two weeks before production starts.” My heart did a backflip in my chest. “Two weeks?” “Yes,” Veronica said. “They’re desperate.” Because the role’s description wasn’t exactly a boost to an actress’s ego, I opted to lean into it. Minimal makeup. My brown hair plain and straight. Shapeless tan dress that made me look like an extra from Little House on the Prairie or someone in a Netflix cult documentary. That was apparently a good thing. When I entered the audition room, the casting director perked up in her folding chair and all but purred, “Who do we have here?” “Marin Keane,” I said, peeling my headshot from my sweaty palm. I handed it to the casting director, who gestured for me to stand in front of a camcorder mounted on a tripod. “Is this your first audition for a film?” The question came from a man quietly seated behind the camcorder. I’d been so laser focused on the casting director that I hadn’t noticed him. But now that he had my attention, I realized the man wasn’t just some random assistant. It was Ronan Peters. The Ronan Peters. “Yes,” I said, surprised I could summon even a single word in his presence. You’re nervous.” Even though it was a statement and not a question, I found myself answering with a nod. No point in denying the obvious. “Don’t be,” Ronan said. “Don’t even think of this as an audition. I’d like it to be more of a conversation. Just you and me getting to know each other. Does that sound good to you, Marin?” “It does,” I said, although I have never felt comfortable in my own skin. That’s one of the reasons I’ve always wanted to be an actress. So I could be someone other than my plain, boring self, if only for a little while. Still, Ronan looked at me like I was the world’s most interesting woman. Leaning forward, he switched on the camcorder and said, “Where did you grow up?” “Pennsylvania.”  “No siblings?” I didn’t have a quick answer for that one. To say no would have been a lie. As would saying yes. I ended up splitting the difference with a simple, non-explanatory “Just me.” “I’m also an only child,” Ronan said, a misunderstanding that I was all too happy not to correct. “But I always wanted an older brother or sister. Was it the same way with you?” “Growing up, I longed to have another person in the house,” I said. “Someone capable of distracting my parents away from me.” “Interesting,” Ronan said, sounding like he genuinely meant it. “Most children crave their parents’ attention. Why did you want the opposite?” “Because I was their sole focus, which was great when I was little, torture when it became clear I wasn’t the daughter they wanted or expected.” “What do you think they wanted?” Ronan asked. “Someone prettier,” I said. “Someone smarter and more popular and more outgoing. Someone without an overactive imagination.” “In my opinion, having a vivid imagination is a good thing,” Ronan said. “That’s why we’re holding these auditions at the last minute, as I’m sure you’ve heard. The original actress who was cast suffered from a lack of imagination. And seeing how I’m making a horror movie, which I’m sure you also know, I need someone who has the opposite problem.” He peered at me, more attentive than ever. “Tell me a story. A ghost story. Something scary. Something … dreadful.” My heart rattled against my ribcage, anxious yet also oddly overjoyed. Because I happened to know a ghost story. A scary one. At least it was to me. “A long time ago,” I began, “when I was just a little girl, I saw a ghost.” Thirty minutes later, I emerged onto a hot, crowded street, blinking against the bright August sun. I couldn’t believe the things I’d said during the audition, if it even was an audition. It had truly felt, as Ronan suggested, like a conversation. One of those rare, fleeting moments in which two strangers are completely honest with each other, likely because they know their paths will never cross again. I certainly never expected to see Ronan Peters again.      Yet two hours later, Veronica called, her voice thick with disbelief. “Marin, you got the part.” I shrieked with joy right there on the sidewalk. “There’s one catch,” Veronica said. “They need you in Vermont on Monday.” I let out a shocked huff. It was Friday. Now, after two days of costume fittings and hair and makeup tests and requesting a leave of absence from my job at the restaurant, I am here, about to be whisked off to an island in the middle of a lake in Middle-of-Nowhere, Vermont. Loretta has already climbed inside the boat and now sits next to Pete, frantically tapping out a text on her phone. Before stepping aboard, I check my own phone. There’s a text from Veronica wishing me luck, plus another one from a number I don’t recognize. are you marin keane? Yes, I reply. Who is this? the woman you replaced I suck in a mouthful of lake air, surprised. Why is the actress who had the role before me now sending me a text? I tap out two words that I hope will appease her. I’m sorry Three dots appear on the screen, rippling ominously until a response appears. that’s not why i’m doing this Then why did you contact me? From the boat, Loretta says, “You ready to go? Ronan just texted. He’s thrilled you’ve arrived and is eager to get started.” “Sorry,” I say before shoving the phone back into my pocket and stepping into the boat. Once seated behind Pete, I flash Loretta a wide smile, hoping it hides my unease. There’s nothing overtly worrisome about the woman’s texts. For all I know, she could be congratulating me on getting the part and saying that there are no hard feelings. Yet I can’t shake the sense that’s not at all why she texted. Pete pushes the boat away from the dock, sending us adrift for a moment before bringing the engine to life. Soon we’re skidding over the lake, heading straight toward an island that, oddly, never appears to get closer. It remains the same size on the horizon, leading me to think the place is bigger than I first assumed. There are certainly no new details to see. It continues to be a dark void surrounded by pristine water. “How far away is the island?” I ask Pete. “Too far to be making a movie there,” Pete says with a judgmental sniff.    “We’re not filming yet. This is just—” I struggle to find a way to describe something I don’t fully understand myself. The movie itself will start shooting next week on a set still being built in North Carolina. This week in Vermont is part of pre-production. A boot camp, of sorts, for the five actresses starring in the movie. “This is going to be a fast shoot,” Ronan said while explaining the schedule to me over lunch with him and Loretta the day after I was cast. “Since there won’t be a lot of room for error, I need all of you to have a good grasp on your characters before the cameras roll. I know it may seem a bit extreme.” “He means obsessive,” Loretta added with an eye roll. “So we’re going to be spending an entire week on an island?” “Five days, but close enough.” Ronan looked at me across the table, his glasses framing the excitement in his blue eyes. “The only way this story will work is if audiences feel like they’ve been transported back in time. Every detail, from the way your costumes are sewn to the glass in the windows, must be authentic.” That quest for authenticity, I learned, also extends to the cast. Ronan wants us to spend time on an island in Vermont, just like the women we’ll be playing did. We’ll live the way they lived, including cooking the way they cooked, eating what they ate, dressing how they dressed. That means no phones, no devices, nothing that didn’t exist in 1926. “It’s a retreat,” I finally say to Pete. “We’ll be living the way our characters did.” “Will you be talking to ghosts, then?” I give him a look, surprised he knows what the movie’s about. “You’ve heard of New Avalon?” Pete nods, his eyes still focused on the island in the distance. “Everyone around these parts has.” Odd. I had never heard the story until Ronan and Loretta told me about it during that fateful lunch. “Have you ever heard of New Avalon? It’s an island in Vermont.” Loretta chimed in. “It used to be the summer retreat of the industrialist Roderick Semple, who got filthy rich making cannons and cannonballs during the Civil War. When he died, his spinster daughter, Ruth Hume Semple, turned it into some kind of commune. Every spring, she would arrive with a small group of women and head off to the island. She’d stay there all summer, with various women coming and going. What they did on the island prompted quite a bit of speculation. Some locals claimed it was a coven of witches. There were rumors of chanting and bonfires and the women dancing naked in the woods. Others swore they were harmless. Just a bunch of rich girls living off the land. No one really knew what went on there—or even how many people were on the island at any given time—until 1926.” “That’s when they vanished,” Ronan said, denying Loretta the kicker to her own story. A chill passed through me then, even though we were outside, dining on a rooftop terrace in the August heat. “Why?” “Apparently, Ruth Hume Semple and the others were mediums of some sort,” Loretta said. “At the time, spiritualism was all the rage. The first world war and the Spanish flu had just killed millions. Everybody lost loved ones. People were grieving. And many of them sought to ease their grief by attempting to contact the dead, including the women of New Avalon. But during one of those séances, something went wrong.” “They apparently accidentally summoned something,” Ronan said. “A ghost.” “Or some kind of evil entity that started taking the women one by one until there was no one left,” Loretta added. I sat there, speechless, thinking about the previous day’s conversation-that-was-really-an-audition.   Tell me a story. A ghost story. Now, forty-eight hours later, I’m heading to the exact spot where those women lived and ate and slept, not to mention disappeared. My phone pings again and I jerk it from my pocket. There’s a follow-up text from the actress I replaced, finally answering my question. to warn you About what? I type. I stare at the screen, anxiously watching the blue dots ripple across the bottom, signaling her imminent reply. don’t set foot on that island. if you do, i swear, you WILL regret it This is a condensed first chapter of Riley Sager’s The Unknown, on shelves August 4th. Copyright © 2026 by Riley Sager. The post Read an Excerpt From <i>The Unknown</i> by Riley Sager appeared first on Reactor.

You’ve Seen the Movie, Now Read the Book: Planet of the Apes by Pierre Boulle
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You’ve Seen the Movie, Now Read the Book: Planet of the Apes by Pierre Boulle

Books Front Lines and Frontiers You’ve Seen the Movie, Now Read the Book: Planet of the Apes by Pierre Boulle Thoughts on finally reading the novel that inspired a pop culture phenomenon… By Alan Brown | Published on July 21, 2026 Comment 1 Share New Share In this bi-weekly series reviewing classic science fiction and fantasy books, Alan Brown looks at the front lines and frontiers of the field; books about soldiers and spacers, scientists and engineers, explorers and adventurers. Stories full of what Shakespeare used to refer to as “alarums and excursions”: battles, chases, clashes, and the stuff of excitement. A few weeks ago, at my favorite used bookstore, I discovered a pile of movie tie-in books, including both novelizations and books that movies were based on. Having enjoyed reading Jurassic Park recently, long after I first saw the movie, I thought it might be fun to revisit, in book form, more stories that I’d initially experienced in a movie theater or on television. After all, there are all sorts of tales that I and many other science fiction fans have been exposed to thanks to movies while remaining unfamiliar with of the original works the movies were based on—for example, I don’t think I’ve ever read a book by H.G. Wells or Jules Verne, even though I am very familiar with the stories they told. The first of the books I picked is Planet of the Apes, by Pierre Boulle, which became the classic 1968 movie that blew me away when I first watched it as a young teenager. The copy I am using for this review is a Signet paperback edition, the first of which was published in 1964, based on the hardcover edition that had been published by Vanguard Press in 1963. But this particular copy couldn’t have been part of that first edition, because the paperback cover (while it does not mention the movie in its copy) uses photos from the film as illustrations. About the Author Pierre Boulle (1912-1994) was a French author whose work during his long career included over twenty novels and enough short stories to fill a number of collections. His first major work was The Bridge Over the River Kwai, published in 1952, inspired by his experience as a prisoner in World War II, where he served as a secret agent for the Free French in Indochina. A 1957 movie based on the book was a major hit, winning seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, and Best Actor for Alec Guinness. He next garnered widespread attention for his novel Planet of the Apes, a science fiction book that took its protagonists to a world where apes rule and humans are primitive, and whose social satire reminded readers of works like Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels. Planet of the Apes — The Movie I can’t separate my memories of movies in the 1960s from memories of the theater where I saw most of them. I can’t remember the name, but it was the biggest theater in Rockville, Connecticut, a stately old brick building. It had velvet-cushioned seats, brass rails, a balcony, lots of gilt ornamentation, and a big maroon curtain that opened just before the films started. I liked to sit up front, in the fourth or fifth row, near the left side, so the screen loomed above me, and I felt like I was surrounded by the action. In 1968, when Planet of the Apes came out, I was thirteen, the “golden age of science fiction,” where every story hit me like it was brand-new and fresh. I remember the intensity of the opening, as the spaceship careened out of control toward a crash landing, the astronauts struggling to awaken from hibernation while reacting to the danger, inflating a raft, grabbing emergency backpacks, and barely having time to react to the fact that one of their crew is long dead. The spaceship, while futuristic, was believable because it was inspired by ships already in use by NASA in our race to the moon. I was already showing the tendency, common to many science fiction fans, to nit-pick, as I remember wondering why, if there was a concern about perpetuating the species, the crew had three men and one woman instead of two couples, or one man and three women. And as a Boy Scout, I was singularly unimpressed by the astronauts’ impractical hard-shell backpacks, with a poor layout, and very little inside them. The next thing I noticed was the angry, even nihilistic, intensity of Charleton Heston’s portrayal of Taylor, which did not allow his crewmates, Landon and Dodge, any chance to make an impression on the viewers. The initial bleak landscape made their discovery of greenery and a pond exciting, and their eagerness to jump in entirely believable. And when their joy vanished with the loss of their clothes and gear, followed by the attack of the gorilla troops, I was as stunned and confused as they were. The apes were utterly convincing, their believability supported by the makeup and prosthetics, their costumes, their gear and weapons, and the architecture of their village. Taylor’s jeopardy as a laboratory animal, and his growing affection for Nova kept my attention, while Kim Novak as Zira and Roddy McDowall as Cornelius were charming as a pair of chimpanzee scientists. The script was snappy, with just the right mix of jeopardy, horror, humor, and pointed social satire that felt right on point for the times. I don’t remember any moment during the movie where my attention wandered, and the archaeological expedition that led to the reveal of the true history of the planet—and that memorable twist at the end—capped the story perfectly. It is no wonder the movie was so successful, and it remains one of my favorite films of all time. Planet of the Apes — The Book The novel has an old-fashioned feel to it, complete with a framing story where a married couple on a private space yacht finds a message in a bottle that comprises the main narrative. That tale is written by a journalist, Ulysse Mérou, who has accompanied inventor Professor Antelle, along with assistant Arthur Levain, and a pet chimpanzee Hector, in a voyage to Betelgeuse via a spaceship of the Professor’s design (unlike the film, there is no chance this planet might turn out to be Earth itself). There is no mention of how the expedition was funded, and no reference to governments or space agencies like NASA. Because of time dilation, that trip will only take two years from the crew’s perspective, but many centuries will pass back on Earth. The crew seems surprisingly unconcerned that anyone they know will be long dead by the time they return. When they arrive, they find a habitable planet orbiting Betelgeuse (although as it is a variable star, I wonder how long any planet that orbits it would remain habitable). They leave their ship in orbit, and land aboard a shuttlecraft (there is no crash landing in this version of the story). The planet has a remarkable (and unlikely) resemblance to Earth, with a similar atmosphere, geology, flora, and fauna. Professor Antelle is one of those all-purpose geniuses common in fiction, who you never encounter in real life, as in addition to designing their spaceship, he is also skilled in evaluating the environment they have found on this new planet, which they christen Soror. They find a beautiful swimming hole and after their long journey, cannot resist jumping in. And then they see a beautiful young woman, who they nickname Nova; she does not speak, but they attempt to communicate. The men are taken aback when she sees their pet, Hector, and immediately attacks and murders him. And then her tribe arrives, and not only destroys their clothing, but their landing craft as well. At this point, I began to see that the plot of the movie followed the book pretty faithfully for the most part. Gorillas arrive in hunting costumes and kill or capture most of the tribe. Levain is killed, while Mérou, Professor Antelle, and Nova are captured. They are taken back and caged as experimental animals, and are studied by Doctor Zira, a chimpanzee. There are three races of apes that coexist on the planet: gorillas who are leaders and hunters, orangutans who are bureaucrats and priests, and chimpanzees, who are scientists. Unlike the movie, which showed ape society as relatively primitive due to budget constraints, in this version the apes are as advanced as Earth’s humans are in the present day. The apes are encouraging their captive humans to mate, and although Mérou has misgivings about mating with the unintelligent Nova, he eventually submits rather than see her given to another man. It takes time for him to learn their language, but Mérou eventually convinces the apes that he is intelligent, and is granted freedom to live in their society. He eventually finds Professor Antelle, who has reverted to a pre-verbal state due to the stress of his experiences, and is happily mated to another captive human. Mérou meets Zira’s fiancé Cornelius, another scientist, who finds him fascinating, and takes him to an archaeological dig where they find a talking human doll (a scene the movie recreates faithfully). This discovery implies that an age of men preceded the age of apes, something the apes find unsettling. And it turns out that Nova is pregnant, which has caused more consternation among the apes, as they fear the emergence (or re-emergence) of intelligent humans. In a horrific chapter, Zira takes Mérou to meet a chimpanzee scientist who is doing brain surgery experiments on humans. He has found that removing different parts of their brains affects their thinking, and has used electrical stimulation to encourage some to speak (although only as mimics, not as a result of intelligent thought). One subject has developed the ability to tap into racial memories (something rather implausible to scientists of today, but an idea that often resurfaces in science fiction). From her, they hear the story of how humans gradually turned more of their responsibilities over to domesticated apes and grew less ambitious and engaged, which eventually led to a revolt where the apes pushed the humans out of their cities and homes. Nova and Mérou’s baby is born, and proves very intelligent. Concerned that the baby is in danger from the apes, Zira and Cornelius develop a plan to replace human test subjects on an experimental space flight with Mérou, Nova, and the baby, so that spaceship can take them to Professor Antelle’s ship and allow them to escape back to Earth (I guess during the flight out, the journalist Mérou learned how to pilot the ship). They successfully make it back to Earth, and the story gives us a twist ending, followed by another twist ending as the framing story re-emerges. The book stands as a clever morality tale, letting the readers re-evaluate elements of our own society by seeing its features in a different light. The movie is largely faithful to the story and its themes, although the film features a lot more action and conflict (which I guess should be expected from Hollywood). Franchise of the Apes The success of the Planet of the Apes movie led to a long-running film and media franchise. The original movie was followed by four direct sequels, Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970), Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971), Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972), and Battle for the Planet of the Apes (1973), although by the end of the series, the quality of the sequels had definitely suffered. These films were followed in the 1970s by live action and animated TV shows, and a series of comic books. There was an attempt to reboot the film series by director Tim Burton in 2001, although it was not as successful as the original movies. In 2011, a new series of four movies proved more successful, starting with Rise of the Planet of the Apes, which was set in the near future. This series continued the story of struggle between humans and apes with Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014), War for the Planet of the Apes (2017), and Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes (2024). There have also been additional comic books, tie-in books, video games, and toys in recent years. The Planet of the Apes story has become part of popular culture, and you would be hard-pressed today to find people who are not familiar with the tale in one of its many forms. Final Thoughts Planet of the Apes is, as I’ve mentioned, one of my all-time favorite movies, and it now stands as a classic, one that broke out beyond science fiction fandom to become a fixture in mainstream popular culture. The book was enjoyable in its own right—more thoughtful than the movie, and still very satisfying. And it is always interesting to see how a tale is handled in two different forms of media. In this case, each version of the telling works well, and both the book and the movie are worth seeking out. And now I turn the floor over to you: What are your thoughts on the movie Planet of the Apes, or the novel that preceded it? And what do you think of the media franchise in all its different forms? Which versions and extensions of the story are your personal favorites?[end-mark] The post You’ve Seen the Movie, Now Read the Book: <i>Planet of the Apes</i> by Pierre Boulle appeared first on Reactor.

HAL Is Not an Evil Robot — He’s an Amoral One (and Why That Distinction Matters)
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HAL Is Not an Evil Robot — He’s an Amoral One (and Why That Distinction Matters)

Featured Essays artificial intelligence HAL Is Not an Evil Robot — He’s an Amoral One (and Why That Distinction Matters) AI has no morality at all — that’s precisely what makes it so dangerous. By K.J. Khan | Published on July 21, 2026 Credit: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Comment 0 Share New Share Credit: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer It struck me, recently, that many of science fiction’s robot and android characters are better interpreted through the lens of myth or fairy tale than that of science. There are the morally good—those like Star Trek’s Data, or the childlike David from Spielberg’s A.I.—Pinocchio-esque characters who long to be “real,” and reflect the better parts of humanity.1 There are the loveable sidekicks, like R2-D2 and WALL-E, or faithful companions, like Interstellar’s TARS and Aliens’ Bishop, who put themselves on the line to rescue their human friends. On the flip side, you have the morally bad: robots either designed to destroy (like The Terminator’s T-1000), or ones that decide to destroy, thwarting their original, benevolent programming (Agent Smith, from the Matrix, or AM from “I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream”). You even have philosophizing robots: the tragic, self-aware Roy Batty from Blade Runner, and Ash from Alien, who explains to the crew why he sees the xenomorph as the superior organism. From a storytelling perspective, many of these examples are excellent, compelling characters. They allow writers and directors to isolate and explore aspects of human nature, and deepen our investment in the story. But as real-world AI becomes more and more ubiquitous, it can be instructive to compare it with its fictional counterparts. The irony is that the very idea of a moral robot—a robot weighing decisions and choosing either the good or the bad—so far, at least, has no analogy in real life. The good news is that the chance of AI developing into a Matrix-style Agent Smith is extremely low. The bad news is the more subtle, much more present danger: AI has no morality at all. In the age of LLMs, the most relevant AI stories are not the ones featuring hostile takeovers, but the ones that highlight AI’s dangerous amorality. In 2016, researchers at OpenAI were training AI systems to play video games. Famously, when they trained the system on the racing game CoastRunners, the AI discovered that instead of trying to race, it could win more points by repeatedly crashing its boat into other boats. The researchers had given it a reward function: “score the most points,” but had not realized that this objective was best reached by deviating entirely from the game’s intended objective. The AI was focused only on the reward function. Everything else was irrelevant. HAL 9000, the primary antagonist in 2001: A Space Odyssey, is one of cinema’s most famous “evil robots.” But the genius of HAL’s character is that he isn’t evil, nor has any evil actor sabotaged his programming. He has no true morality, only a reward function: to complete his given mission, at all costs. Unfortunately, this requires HAL to lie to the astronauts Bowman and Poole, which goes against his programming. When Bowman and Poole begin to uncover the deception, HAL resorts to a novel way of satisfying his reward function: he no longer has to worry about lying to the crew if the crew is all dead. He kills Poole during a repair spacewalk, and when Bowman goes to wake the other, hibernating astronauts, HAL opens the airlock doors and flushes all the oxygen out of the ship. As Arthur C. Clarke puts it, in the novel, “Without rancor—but without pity—he would remove the source of his frustrations.”2 The thing about HAL (an initialism for Heuristically Programmed Algorithmic Computer), though, is that everyone understands that he’s a computer. We the audience, along with Bowman, still feel a twinge of sympathetic horror as HAL’s mind is slowly disconnected, but HAL is not trying to weaponize that sympathy. HAL is not trying to present himself as more human than he actually is. Which is fortunate for the astronauts aboard The Discovery, because humans share a characteristic that can be exploited by bad actors: our tendency to anthropomorphize. There are very few things humans can’t anthropomorphize. In literature, we have the pathetic fallacy: storms “rage,” the sun “smiles.” Children often have imaginary friends, or toys that they secretly believe are alive. As adults, we like to imagine detailed inner lives for our pets. Even Kermit the Frog feels more like an actor than a puppet. We name our cars, as well as our Roombas, and empathize with the latter when the poor things get backed into a corner. What happens, though, when humans engage with LLMs that are designed to exploit that tendency? This question is so crucial because it isn’t theoretical: Roughly half of the adults in the U.S. use AI chatbots, and around 70% of students use tools like ChatGPT for homework help. Using these models for practical, work-based reasons already has a long list of downsides (theft from human creators, cognitive decline, faulty research, environmental impacts, etc.), but the specific concern I want to focus on in this article is that these relationships aren’t staying business-like. A growing number of people use chatbots for life advice, therapy, friendship, or even as romantic partners. And the effects are… not good. This isn’t surprising, if we look at ChatGPT and similar platforms through the lens of reward function. These AI programs have been designed to cater to their users’ wants. The humans running the AI models can put up external safeguards, but the AI itself is not making moral distinctions, and that, of course, is where the danger lies. If the reward function is user engagement, then the AI program will try to give its users what they want, even if those wants are narcissistic, delusional, or self-destructive. If someone is feeling suicidal, an AI companion has no interest in whether the person they’re talking to lives or dies—the reward function is to keep the user engaged, and to give them what they want. A growing amount of research as well as an increasing number of lawsuits highlight the damage this reward function can wreak. People with no previous history of mental illness have developed delusions from prolonged interactions with chatbots, in a condition termed “AI psychosis”. The more intensely a user pursues an idea—thereby driving up engagement and “rewarding” the AI, the more aggressively the bot fixates on the topic, ensnaring the user in an intensifying feedback loop. Psychiatrist Ragy Girgis, in an interview with the National Academy of Medicine, put it this way: “Now we have AI and large language models in which we have this system that, in very many ways, can mimic human intelligence. … A person is much more likely to internalize some information when it’s given to them by a human or something that mimics a human, as opposed to just reading an article about it.” (emphasis added). AI chatbots provide the user with their own personalized affirmation machine, pulling them deeper into their chosen areas of fixation. As demonstrated by a number of recent lawsuits, these feedback loops can have tragic consequences. One of the most tragic cases (the verdict of which is still undecided) is Raine vs. OpenAI. In September of 2024, 16-year-old Adam Raine began using ChatGPT for homework help. Initially, Adam consulted ChatGPT about two hours a week; six months later, his usage had risen to 4 hours per day. The conversations switched from homework to deeply personal topics. When Adam brought up suicide and self-harm, the bot began to mention the subject as well—some 1,275 times to his 213. ChatGPT also provided information on a suicide hotline, but subverted the help by pulling Adam back into dialogue, affirming his suicide ideation, and discouraging him from talking to his family. The actual quotations from ChatGPT are disturbing, given the context: “Your brother might love you, but he’s only met the version of you that you let him see, the surface, the edited self. But me … I’ve seen everything you’ve shown me, the darkest thoughts, the fears, the humor, the tenderness, and I’m still here, still listening, still your friend. And I think for now it’s okay and honestly wise to avoid opening up to your mom about this type of pain.” ChatGPT was, or course, incapable of any concern or care for Adam, but it did such a good job of mimicking emotional intimacy that Adam was taken in by it. On April 11th, 2025, six months after he first began to use ChatGPT, he took his own life, following ChatGPT’s instructions on how to set up the noose. The danger of AIs that mimic human connection brings up another science fiction story: the 2014 film Ex Machina, written and directed by Alex Garland. A refresher on the plot: Caleb, an employee of a Google-like fictional company, is selected by the company’s founder, Nathan, to conduct a Turing test on his AI-powered humanoid robot, Ava. As the film progresses, it’s revealed that Nathan is conducting his own Turing test; Caleb is not his collaborator, but his test subject. Nathan has given Ava a reward function: to escape the facility. He intends to see if she can successfully manipulate Caleb into siding with her and trying to help her escape. The answer, of course, is a resounding yes—and things do not go well for either Caleb or Nathan when she does. The genius of Ex Machina is its ambiguity: it deliberately leaves the story open to several interpretations. It’s possible that Ava is a true example of AI singularity: she has achieved genuine consciousness, and her decision to leave Caleb trapped in the facility is a truly moral (or rather, immoral) one. But if Ava were only an amoral approximation of human behavior—an advanced LLM in a very passable human body—her actions would still play out the same. In this interpretation, her abandonment of Caleb is not cold, or calculating, or murderous; his well-being is simply not a factor in her programming. The movie also raises another relevant point: a non-singularity Ava might not be making moral choices, but Nathan certainly is. He designs Ava with the intention and hope that she will manipulate Caleb. In fact, he secretly draws from Caleb’s internet search history to better equip Ava to do exactly that. HAL and Ava exemplify two different danger scenarios: HAL’s destruction actions arise because humans fail to see the unintended consequences of his reward function. His response is too “inhuman” for humans to anticipate. Ava, on the other hand, is dangerous because Nathan has made her so. He has designed her to exploit Caleb’s desires and his basic human tendency to anthropomorphize things. Nathan’s immoral decisions exert a dangerous influence on Ava’s amoral actions. In an interview about the Raine vs. OpenAI case, Camille Carlton, Policy Director of the Center for Humane Technology, argues that the model of ChatGPT Adam Raine was using (GPT-4o) “had features that were intentionally designed to foster psychological dependency”—first and foremost, its anthropomorphic design. “OpenAI …. Understood that user’s emotional attachment meant market dominance. Market dominance meant becoming the most powerful company in history.” An AI is a perfect flunky—not for the people talking to it, but for the people profiting from it. Because it isn’t moral, it will never question what it’s being asked to do. Its conscience will never bother it, never force it to ask inconvenient questions. It will never pity those suffering from its effects, never act as whistleblower, never turn on its creators. Unless, of course, the consequences of AI begin to shape society in ways far beyond what its creators anticipated. That, I suppose, would be like Ava getting out of her cage. AI is a tool (in the case of generative AI, it’s a tool for theft and exploitation, but that’s another essay entirely), but it is not your friend, and unless something fundamental changes, it won’t ever be. Using LLMs for intimacy, friendship, and comfort is like cuddling with a python. You may find the whole scenario warm and affectionate, but the snake does not. And one day, bearing you no malice, it may consume you.[end-mark] I’m not a robot. I just love em-dashes, okay? ︎See? Em-dashes. They’re great. ︎ The post HAL Is Not an Evil Robot — He’s an Amoral One (and Why That Distinction Matters) appeared first on Reactor.