One of the new Aspects introduced in Season 3 of Diablo 4‚ but how can you get it for yourself? This Legendary Aspect is a Defensive type usable by any class. You can attach this Aspect onto Chest Armor‚ Pants‚ Helms‚ Shields‚ and Amulets‚ and it’ll help boost your defense. Here’s how to get it. Diablo 4: Where to get Juggernaut’s Aspect Some players online have been confused as to how they can get their hands on this Legendary Aspect. It’s a lot easier than you may realize. You can get the Juggernaut’s Aspect in Diablo 4 through the Season 3 Journey rewards. Although you have a chance of gaining this Aspect through random Legendary item drops‚ your chances are slim. You’d have to farm multiple Dungeons and World Bosses just for the chance of seeing it. The better way of obtaining the Juggernaut’s Aspect is to simply complete the fifth Chapter called “Slayer” in the Season 3 Journey. Screensh...

In Palworld‚ the Legend Passive Skill is undoubtedly one of the best ones to have. Naturally‚ then‚ it is one of the hardest ones to get. But once you have it‚ you have it‚ and you can soon have a base of nothing but Legendary Pals. Getting the Legend Passive Skill in Palworld All of the Passive Skills in Palworld are randomly attributed to any Pals that you capture. All‚ aside from the Legend Passive Skill. This one is reserved exclusively to four Pals that make the four “Legendary Bosses” of Palworld. The only way to get these Legend Pals is through capturing them. They will always be captured with the Legend Passive Skill that sets them aside from other Pals. The four Legend Pals are: Jormuntide Paladius Frostallion Necromus Screenshot: PC Invasion These Pals are incredible hard to fight‚ and even harder to capture. You’ll be needing the best equipment and Pals‚ as well as many spare Legendary Spheres‚ if you w...

FIRST ON THE DAILY SIGNAL—Conservatives in Congress condemned the Biden administration in the wake of the revelation that a high-ranking Department of Education official met with the Southern Poverty Law Center one year before the SPLC added parental rights groups‚ including Moms for Liberty‚ to its “hate map” that includes conservatives along with KKK groups. “Moms for Liberty and the whole parental rights movement is a force to be reckoned with. These patriotic parents turned Virginia red‚ and the Left is terrified that they will help take our country back in 2024‚” Sen. Ted Cruz told The Daily Signal in a written statement Monday. Cruz’s remarks came after The Heritage Foundation’s Oversight Project released documents Monday revealing that two SPLC staffers met in 2022 with the Biden administration official in charge of a White House initiative on historically black colleges and universities. (The Daily Signal is The Heritage Foundation’s news outlet.) “They have a huge target on their back because they are effective‚” Cruz said of parental rights groups. “The Left knows that they cannot win a fair fight since their policies are so terrible. Instead of debating on policy‚ the Biden administration deployed their attack dogs at the Southern Poverty Law Center to smear these parental rights groups by listing them alongside the KKK as hate groups.” The Texas Republican also shamed the legacy media for failing to cover stories such as this one about the Biden Department of Education’s collaboration with the SPLC. “I am grateful for [The Daily Signal’s] fantastic work exposing the SPLC for the fraud that it is‚” he said. “I challenge the so-called reporters in the corporate media: Have an ounce of honesty and cover this story.” The SPLC‚ which has weaponized the program it used against the KKK in the 1980s to attack mainstream conservative and Christian organizations‚ in June added parental rights groups to its so-called hate map‚ among them Moms for Liberty‚ Parents Defending Education‚ Purple for Parents‚ and Courage Is a Habit. The White House previously targeted parents who spoke out to school boards amid school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic‚ helping to draft the (later rescinded) National School Boards Association letter to President Joe Biden comparing concerned parents to domestic terrorists. The SPLC stopped short of calling these parental rights organizations “hate groups‚” instead branding them “antigovernment extremist groups” as part of an “anti-student inclusion movement.” Yet the SPLC compared the parents groups to “uptown klans” of the 1950s‚ which opposed school integration in the wake of the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision. The documents released Monday by Heritage’s Oversight Project show that Dietra Trent‚ executive director of the White House initiative on historically black colleges and universities‚ met July 5‚ 2022‚ with SPLC staffers LaShawn Warren‚ chief policy officer‚ and Michael Lieberman‚ senior policy counsel for hate and extremism. Department of Education staff set up the meeting using Trent’s email address at that agency. ??New Evidence: The @USEDGOV is targeting @Moms4Liberty Docs obtained from our lawsuit show the Dep't of Education‚ at the highest levels‚ is keeping close tabs on the leader of the parental rights movementHere‚ @SecCardona is briefed on their impact on local elections https://t.co/7Xgm6xYmmX pic.twitter.com/05QH8XLRTw— Oversight Project (@OversightPR) January 29‚ 2024 “The SPLC’s libelous tactics are despicable‚ and it is disgusting that the Biden administration would use them to attack American citizens who believe in parental rights‚” Cruz said. “The SPLC’s tactics are dangerous‚ and it even led to an angry leftist showing up with a gun at the Family Research Council. Thankfully‚ no one was killed‚ but these libelous smear tactics have real consequences.” The Texas senator was referring to a 2012 incident in which a terrorist gunman used the SPLC “hate map” to target the the Family Research Council‚ a Christian nonprofit. He planned to shoot everyone in the building‚ but the building manager successfully foiled his plan. Although the SPLC condemned the attack‚ it kept FRC on its map. ‘Our Opposition’ Heritage’s Oversight Project also unearthed slides from what appears to be a training session run at the Department of Education by the pro-LGBTQ group Equality Federation. (The department did not respond to The Daily Signal’s request for comment.) The document‚ titled “The Legal Assault on Trans Youth &; How to Fight Back‚” describes conservative organizations as “our opposition.” The Equality Federation highlights Alliance Defending Freedom‚ an organization SPLC has branded an “anti-LGBTQ hate group‚” as well as Moms for Liberty‚ The Heritage Foundation‚ and the American Principles Project. The Department of Education also divulged what appears to be a training document about "The Legal Assault on Trans Youth &; How to Fight Back‚" describing "Our Opposition" as: @ADFLegal @Heritage @Moms4Liberty @WomensLibFront &; @approject pic.twitter.com/zBWtroP6Ea— Tyler O'Neil (@Tyler2ONeil) January 30‚ 2024 Sen. Katie Britt called this revelation “sickening.” “To see the Biden administration smear parental rights advocates and Christians as the ‘opposition’ is sickening and un-American‚” Britt‚ an Alabama Republican‚ told The Daily Signal in a written statement Monday. “Parents have it tough enough under President Biden’s radical agenda‚ from runaway prices at the grocery store and gas pump to the border crisis endangering our communities and the world continuing to grow less safe by the day‚” Britt added. “This latest revelation confirms that not only are hardworking American families the victims of the Biden administration—they are also the intended targets.” Britt urged concerned parents to keep speaking up despite such attacks. “Moms and dads—who simply want their children to have the opportunity to live their American Dream and reach their God-given potential—should continue to make their voices heard‚” she said. ‘Weaponize the Government’ McKinley Lewis‚ communications director for Sen. Rick Scott‚ R-Fla.‚ also condemned the Department of Education’s association with the SPLC. “The SPLC is a corrupt and vicious tool used by far-left radicals to label anyone they disagree with as hateful or extremist to advance their own extreme political agenda – even parents well within their rights to be involved in the education of their children‚” Lewis told The Daily Signal in a statement Wednesday. “Senator Scott is disturbed by the continued reports of the Biden administration’s close work and coordination with the SPLC‚” she added. “This further proves that Biden is allowing radical groups to weaponize the government against the American people – especially those whom Biden views as political opponents.” ‘Orwellian Executive Overreach’ Rep. Virginia Foxx‚ R-N.C.‚ chairwoman of the House Education and Workforce Committee‚ also condemned the Biden administration’s work with the SPLC. “The Southern Poverty Law Center is nothing more than a sounding board for socialist ideologues who oppose parents who simply want to exercise their God-given rights to raise and protect their children‚” Foxx told The Daily Signal. “Time and again‚ Republicans have stood alongside our nation’s proud moms and dads and pushed back against President Biden’s continued efforts to target and shame them into submission—we have no plans on backing down any time soon.” Another member of the House Education and Workforce Committee‚ Rep. Lisa McClain‚ R-Mich.‚ called the collaboration between the Department of Education and the SPLC “beyond concerning.” “Make no mistake about it‚ the collusion between Biden’s DOE and the SPLC is beyond concerning‚” McClain told The Daily Signal. “If we allow this kind of Orwellian executive overreach to go unanswered then we are no longer a society that values our First Amendment rights.” Moms for Liberty co-founder Tiffany Justice also responded to the revelations. “We have known for some time the Biden administration has made it their mission to attack parents who publicly advocate for their children’s education‚” Justice told The Daily Signal. “Attending public school board meetings and voicing concerns about our children’s education should not put a target on our backs to be silenced by the federal government.” Biden-SPLC Collusion The Daily Signal previously reported that Margaret Huang‚ SPLC’s president‚ appears in a video bragging to donors at a fall 2021 meeting that many Biden administration agencies had approached the center to craft a domestic terrorism strategy. “I think there’s no question that we are unparalleled in our abilities to track and monitor the hate and extremist groups in the country‚ and I can tell you that we’ve had many agencies in the new Biden administration reaching out to solicit our expertise and our knowledge and information to help shape the policies that the new administration is adopting to counter the domestic terrorism threat‚” Huang said‚ according to the video. The Biden administration’s ties to the SPLC make Huang’s claim credible‚ and neither the White House nor any of the agencies involved in the administration’s domestic terrorism strategy has denied Huang’s assertion. Biden and his team have hosted SPLC leaders and staff at the White House at least 11 times since Jan. 20‚ 2021‚ when Biden became president. Biden nominated an SPLC attorney‚ Nancy Abudu‚ to a federal judgeship. Last year‚ the FBI’s office in Richmond‚ Virginia‚ used the SPLC’s “hate group” list to target “radical-traditional Catholics” in a now-infamous memo. As I wrote in my book “Making Hate Pay: The Corruption of the Southern Poverty Law Center‚” the SPLC’s logic suggests that the entire Roman Catholic Church is a “hate group.” Earlier this month‚ the White House touted Vice President Kamala Harris’ meeting “with voting rights leaders.” Among the leaders highlighted: Seth Levi‚ the SPLC’s chief strategy officer. Critics on both the Right and the Left long have accused the Southern Poverty Law Center of exaggerating hate in order to scare donors into ponying up cash. In 2019‚ amid a racial discrimination and sexual harassment scandal‚ a former employee called the SPLC’s “hate” accusations a “highly profitable scam.” Have an opinion about this article? To sound off‚ please email letters@DailySignal.com‚ and we’ll consider publishing your edited remarks in our regular “We Hear You” feature. Remember to include the URL or headline of the article plus your name and town and/or state.  The post Cruz: Biden ‘Deployed Attack Dogs’ Against Parental Rights Groups appeared first on The Daily Signal.

Having served as the chief of police for three suburban law enforcement agencies just outside of Washington‚ D.C.‚ I have watched with concern—though not surprise—as crime in the nation’s capital has skyrocketed over the past year‚ even as the number of police officers serving with the city’s Metropolitan Police Department has dropped to a half-century low. Amid that alarming backdrop‚ it’s no wonder that D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser and the D.C. Council have changed their tune since the start of the “defund and defame the police” movement in 2020—just like so many other politicians in cities nationwide. The knee-jerk reaction in the District of Columbia and in most other major cities after George Floyd’s death in May 2020 was to cut police funding‚ demonize the officers serving‚ and enact soft-on-crime policies. In its aftermath‚ crime has soared to levels not seen in decades‚ and we now have the fewest number of police officers in America per resident than at any time in more than 25 years. Now‚ with the public in an uproar‚ those same elected officials in the District and elsewhere are reversing course. They now want more officers who are properly equipped and trained‚ and they want tougher penalties for criminal behavior. In other words‚ they want things the way they were before the “defund and defame the police” movement. Better late than never‚ I suppose. But‚ for retired law enforcement leaders like me who were sitting on the sidelines while our profession was being vilified and scapegoated over the past few years‚ it was easy to be bitter and frustrated. In 2019‚ our nation had never been safer. The violent crime rate had steadily and dramatically declined since peaking in 1991. The policing ranks were full. Our officers were well-qualified. They were better educated‚ better equipped‚ and better trained than ever before. Policing had earned a reputation of trust and professionalism‚ and the prevailing philosophy among law enforcement leaders was “we want to do even better.”  Before 2020‚ I know from experience‚ there was great pride in wearing the badge‚ and officers knew they had the support of the public‚ their elected leaders‚ and police officials. Now‚ after more than three years of “defunding and defaming‚” I am afraid law enforcement’s rank and file are suffering from an understandable crisis of trust and confidence. Most rightly feel they are on an island when it comes to political‚ media and‚ yes‚ even internal scrutiny of any serious use-of-force case. They not only worry about potential internal sanctions‚ they fear criminal prosecution for simply doing their job. One officer who left the profession explained it this way: “We are one bullet away from death and one mistake away from indictment.” We have all seen rogue‚ unqualified prosecutors winning local elections based upon promises not to get tough on criminals‚ but to more aggressively prosecute police officers. It’s no wonder that we saw a 47% increase in officer resignations from 2019 to 2022‚ along with a 19% rise in retirements during that same period. According to a Police Executive Research Forum survey‚ the number of sworn officers dropped nearly 5% between the end of 2019 and the beginning of 2022. That’s a loss of some 40‚000 officers nationwide. The police shortage crisis that we are now facing is the most glaring unintended consequence of the “defund the police” movement‚ and it’s jeopardizing public safety and placing added stress on a police workforce already stretched thin. To fill vacancies‚ police chiefs have convinced elected officials of the need for hiring bonuses—some as high as $75‚000. Meanwhile‚ many agencies have significantly reduced—or even eliminated—their hiring standards to attract a larger applicant pool. The latter is both reckless and dangerous. While desperate times require desperate measures‚ we must be careful that only those who are committed to policing and fit for the job are given a badge. I have been told by police academy instructors and field training officers that they basically cannot “fail” a poorly performing recruit. And veteran officers understandably do not want to work side-by-side with a new officer that is substandard and incapable of making split-second life-or-death decisions. The future of our profession—and public safety—is at a crossroads. Increased police funding and tougher penalties for criminal acts will help right the ship. But if we fail to reestablish clear and strong support from the public‚ our police leaders‚ and our elected officials for officers who want to do their job without fear of wrongful condemnation‚ termination‚ and prosecution‚ we will lose many more of the good men and women needed to serve and protect our communities. The stakes are high. It’s time to wake up to this crisis of trust and confidence within policing. The Daily Signal publishes a variety of perspectives. Nothing written here is to be construed as representing the views of The Heritage Foundation. Have an opinion about this article? To sound off‚ please email letters@DailySignal.com and we’ll consider publishing your edited remarks in our regular “We Hear You” feature. Remember to include the URL or headline of the article plus your name and town and/or state. The post Why There’s a Crisis of Confidence and Trust in Policing Profession—and What to Do About It appeared first on The Daily Signal.

Deport the Migrants Says... Dem Governor?

Winkin' Blinken Gives a Nod to Terrorism

One of the last people to live inside an “iron lung” has recently joined TikTok and uses the platform to share fascinating insights into his very unique story. Paul Alexander contracted polio at the age of six in 1952 when an outbreak swept through his hometown of Dallas‚ Texas. Polio is an infectious disease caused by a virus that can spread from person to person. In some cases‚ the pathogen can attack the central nervous system and destroy motor neurons‚ leading to paralysis. The paralysis is typically temporary‚ but around one in 200 infections leads to irreversible paralysis. Alexander was one of those unfortunate few and was left unable to move his body from the neck down.While the lungs of paralyzed polio survivors still work fine‚ they can struggle to breathe due to paralysis of their chest muscles and diaphragm. To overcome this problem‚ Alexander was placed in an “iron lung”‚ a machine that works by applying negative pressure on the patient inside. The mechanical respirator helps the patient inhale by pumping out of the machine‚ thereby allowing their chest to expand. As air is pumped back into the machine‚ this makes the patient exhale. IFLScience is not responsible for content shared from external sites.Alexander has remained inside the iron lung for over 70 years. He can temporarily leave the machine’s confines for two or three minutes thanks to a self-learned technique he calls "frog breathing"‚ which involves gulping down mouthfuls of air using his throat muscles to force air into his lungs. However‚ this is not a long-term solution and he spends the overwhelming majority of his day inside the mechanical chamber. It’s thought he’s just one of two people in the US who are reliant on an iron lung. In decades past‚ hundreds upon hundreds of people used these machines. It’s estimated that around 1‚000 iron lungs were in use in the US in 1939.However‚ scientists have since developed less-invasive ventilation systems‚ plus vaccines have done an incredible job at reducing polio rates globally (despite some recent resurgence).  IFLScience is not responsible for content shared from external sites.The iron lung hasn’t stopped Alexander from achieving some amazing things. He studied law at the University of Texas and‚ in 1984‚ he passed the bar to become a lawyer. He also spent five years writing an autobiography – Three Minutes for a Dog: My Life in an Iron Lung – by typing into a computer using a pencil placed in his mouth.In his latest venture‚ Alexander has joined TikTok with the user name @ironlungman. Here‚ he shares his stories and even answers questions from his fans‚ such as how he functions during a power cut. 

The first continents emerged about 3.5 billion years ago‚ but geologists are unclear on the initial formation process. A new explanation attributes their rise to an association of three types of coarse-grained rocks‚ collectively called granitoids‚ that might look very familiar to someone with a recent home renovation.Once the Earth cooled and developed oceans‚ that was almost all it had. Land was restricted to small volcanic islands that have long since eroded away. However‚ we know that pieces of early continents survive in Western Australia‚ northern Canada‚ and Greenland. These gradually expanded to become the modern versions of those places‚ while other continents caught up hundreds of millions – or even billions – of years later.However‚ the process by which the first crust was formed has puzzled geologists‚ particularly regarding whether plate tectonics were involved. Any crust almost four billion years old has seen a lot in the meantime‚ making it hard to identify its individual nature. Even if we could see the rocks fresh‚ the process from the eruption of magma to crystallization was probably complex and hard to trace in reverse.Nevertheless‚ Dr Matthijs Smit and colleagues at the University of British Columbia and claim to have done just that. "We tracked a specific set of trace elements that aren't affected by alteration and pristinely preserve signatures from the original magma‚” Smit said in a statement. The authors consider ratios of these elements‚ some quite rare‚ to be key to resolving what occurred.The original crust was composed of three types of rock; tonalite‚ trondhjemite‚ and granodiorite‚ collectively known as TTG. Previous studies of TTG looked at samples from one or a few locations‚ but Smit and colleagues analyzed materials collected worldwide to find the commonalities and ignore the rest.“These elements allowed us to look back through the chemical changes that TTG magmas go through and trace the melt compositions back to their initial state and source‚” Smit added. He suspects the source was probably gabbro‚ a sort of rock formed by the slow cooling of magma rich in magnesium and iron.The process the authors propose would explain the composition of the older parts of the continents that have become their backbones. “All these rocks – and especially their combination – can be explained by the model we present‚" Smit claimed. “Ours is a simple model in which TTGs‚ as well as the younger rocks that TTGs are typically associated with‚ resulted from the slow burial‚ thickening and melting of precursor crust that likely resembled oceanic plateaus. The continental crust was destined to develop the way it did‚ because it kept getting buried further and the rocks at its base had no choice but to melt. In doing so‚ they made the TTGs that proved a winning recipe for continental survival and growth.” Temperatures probably exceeded 1‚600° C (2‚900° F) under all the material above.If the model stands up to scrutiny‚ it will resolve a problem for geologists. Previous models proposed TTGs were formed in the first subduction zones after plate tectonics began. However‚ there is uncertainty on the timing of plate tectonics' origins‚ and some suspicions it is younger than the first continents‚ posing an obvious problem.“There’s always been a ‘chicken-and-egg’ question of which came first – the start of plate tectonics of TTG magmatism to make new continental crust‚” Smit said. “We show that these things may actually not be directly related. The recognition of the type of source rock makes this leap possible and also takes away the need to have other mechanisms‚ such as meteorite impact‚ explain the growth of the first real continents.”TTG crust now only makes up a minority of the Earth – but it‚ and related slightly younger rocks‚ are still a big part of North America in particular. Some people have taken a liking to it.“Funnily enough‚ many people have varieties of this type of rock as a kitchen countertop‚” Dr Smit said. “In a way‚ many people are preparing their dinner on the type of rock that was responsible for making our modern continents.” This may not be a good thing. While granite kitchenware is safe to use‚ the high number of deaths associated with cutting engineered stone has led to investigations that suggest cutting granite to make furnishings can be a health risk too. Sometimes it's best to leave old things in their place.The study is published open access in the journal Nature Communications

Behold the X-ray sky as you have never seen it before. The space telescope eROSITA has been observing the sky for several years and researchers have now published the map of half of the sky. It is the largest map of high-energy sources ever created.The data was collected between December 2019 and June 2020 and it detected over 900‚000 unique sources. Of those‚ 710‚000 sources are supermassive black holes in other galaxies. There are 180‚000 X-rays emitting stars from our own as well as 12‚000 galaxy clusters‚ and many exotic objects emitting high-energy light‚ including the Vela pulsar – brightly visible at the center of this map.“These are mind-blowing numbers for X-ray astronomy‚” Andrea Merloni‚ eROSITA principal investigator and first author of the eROSITA catalogue paper‚ said in a statement. “We’ve detected more sources in six months than the big flagship missions XMM-Newton and Chandra have done in nearly 25 years of operation.”The eROSITA collaboration has so far published 200 papers and with the release of this impressive catalog‚ they have submitted for peer-review 50 more. There are newly discovered filaments between galaxy clusters‚ black holes erupting quasi-periodically‚ and much more. Another very interesting study highlights the discovery of over 1‚000 superclusters of galaxies. The wealth of data and discoveries is truly unprecedented in X-ray astronomy.“The scientific breadth and impact of the survey is quite overwhelming; it’s hard to put into a few words‚” added Mara Salvato‚ who as a spokesperson for the German eROSITA consortium coordinates the efforts of about 250 scientists. “But the papers published by the team will speak for themselves.”“The eROSITA collaboration has done an outstanding job with the data release and at the same time publishing all of these amazing new results‚” said Kirpal Nandra‚ Director at the Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics. “There’s a lot more to come from us‚ and we’re looking forward to seeing what the rest of the world will do with the public data.”An important publication is expected to come in about two weeks. Among the goals of eROSITA is to better constrain cosmological models given the current uncertainties plaguing the leading model. The constraints that will be presented in the coming work are based on the galaxy clusters seen in this catalog.We will certainly look forward to finding out more.

In 1986 Venezuela‚ a peculiar‚ venom-esque goo began seeping from a busy highway connecting the Simón Bolívar International Airport and the capital city of Caracas. As quickly as it appeared‚ the mysterious goo‚ named La Mancha Negra or the black spot‚ began to spread‚ turning the highway into a motorist death trap.The black goo first appeared on a 46-meter (50-yard) patch of asphalt on the highway and continued to grow until it eventually covered roughly 13 kilometers (8 miles)‚ with a thickness of 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) in places. Appearing as a black tar-like substance‚ the goo was said to have the consistency of chewing gum. In the first five years of its existence‚ La Mancha Negra reportedly took the lives of 1‚800 people who attempted to traverse the road it engulfed.Despite disappearing briefly and without reason in the 90s‚ La Mancha Negra made its comeback again in 2001‚ as mysterious as ever. But what was this oozing substance‚ and where did it come from? Even now‚ La Mancha Negra remains a mystery‚ and‚ like any good mystery‚ it comes with its own set of conspiracy theories.Where did the goo come from?The discourse around La Mancha Negra is sparse‚ tentative‚ and chock-full of speculation‚ but there are a few fan favorites when it comes to theories surrounding the cause of the ooze.One theory is that it was caused by a bad batch of asphalt‚ which would explain its tar-like appearance. Asphalt contains tar which‚ when heated‚ gets sticky‚ and‚ like tar‚ one of the key features of La Mancha Negra is its reactivity to weather‚ growing when it's hot and rainy‚ and shrinking again when the temperature and humidity drops.Another theory posits that the goo is a result of natural petroleum deposits nearby. The city of Caracas sits near the Orinoco Belt which uses pipelines to transport heavy oil to Caracas and other Venezuelan cities. However‚ Ramanan Krishnamoorti‚ PhD‚ a professor of chemical and petroleum engineering at the University of Houston‚ told Popular Mechanics that “usually such oozing from a reservoir’s subsurface would have to be at a single failure point and not likely to spread over an eight-mile length of the road.” Going on‚ he explains‚ “Also‚ typically heavy oils will settle and not try to ooze out onto the surface.”Reinaldo Gonzalez‚ PhD‚ a lecturer at the University of Houston in the petroleum engineering department who was in Venezuela during the 1986 occurrence also explained his preferred theory in a statement to Popular Mechanics: “The simplest possible explanation that I seem to remember is that the phases of the treated asphalt separated‚ and one of them ‘emerged’ to the surface‚ causing a kind of black and slightly greasy stain on the roads.”In yet another theory‚ claims were made that raw sewage from the nearby slums was to blame‚ speculating that it caused a chemical breakdown of the asphalt as it flowed downhill under the roads. Others think it was the result of burnt rubber from tyres or oil falling from car engines. But the more outlandish‚ and perhaps more entertaining claims‚ are that the goo was created on purpose by people working for‚ or against‚ the Venezuelan government.Government involvementDuring the 1980s‚ when the goo first appeared‚ Venezuela was led by Jaime Lusinchi who saw a short term in office from ’84 to ’89‚ during a brief intermission between Carlos Andres Perez’s two terms. During this period‚ the country dealt with copious scandals in the form of government corruption and embezzlement‚ largely involving money made from Venezuela’s enormous oil reserves.Venezuela has one of the largest oil reserves in the world and is colloquially referred to under the derogatory name “petrostate” due to its reliance on these oil and natural gas deposits‚ as well as its periods of widespread corruption. So‚ when the price of oil began to plummet in the 1980s‚ and a tar-like substance began leaking from the capital’s busiest highway‚ people began to get suspicious.A leading theory speculates that the faulty asphalt was a result of mismanaged government funds‚ whereby corners were cut‚ and money was saved by using sub-standard materials in road repairs and maintenance.Similarly‚ there’s speculation that the government and private companies were both making heavy profits by repeatedly botching repairs to the road and elongating clean-up efforts‚ a theory that was flamed by the persistence of the problem and the seemingly sub-par attempts to try to remove it and find out what it was.Some even speculated that the original blob was intentionally created to sabotage Perez and make his government look bad as he left office in 1984. However‚ Perez returned to office again in ’89‚ meaning the goo’s theorized mission was unsuccessful in tar-nishing public opinion of Perez.Additionally‚ a later theory reported on by French news agency Courrier National in 2003 recounts claims made by Caracas mayor Freddy Bernal in 2001‚ when the goo made its second appearance. He reportedly claimed that hired people were throwing bags containing used oil onto the highway under the cover of night in an attempt to tarnish his reputation.Despite reported claims from Bernal that alleged that samples were found to contain 60 percent brake fluid and 40 percent used oil‚ indicating the substance was made intentionally‚ the claims haven’t been substantiated and fail to account for the initial oozing occurrence.The Venezuelan government did‚ however‚ reportedly spend millions trying to investigate the composition of the goo‚ but despite hiring experts from the US‚ Canada‚ and Europe‚ their chemical tests supposedly weren’t able to verify what was in the substance.Where did it go?During the goo’s reign of terror‚ continuous efforts were made to pressure wash it away with water and air and scrape the sticky substance off the road’s surface‚ but all attempts were in vain‚ with the ooze seeming to spread straight back again.Attempts were even made to dry the sludge by dumping pulverized limestone on the road‚ but this only worked to create more issues when the dust from the limestone began affecting the air quality and visibility in the area.Car pileups became common on the busy highway road‚ on which copious red warning signs were erected in an attempt to slow traffic. Local residents and taxi drivers would avoid driving on the highway‚ and the area was closed four nights a week while workers attempted to temporarily restore the road’s surface.But‚ while the goo did increase the rate of car crashes in the area‚ even the total number of deaths caused by La Mancha Negra is speculated. The 1‚800 figure is claimed to have occurred in just the first five years of the sludge’s existence – that’s around one death on the road per day – and no figures have been given about the subsequent deaths after that time. Many reports of the event emphasize the lack of supporting evidence to substantiate these exact figures.Regardless of the exact details of the goo controversy‚ it did cause a very real disruption in the country for many years‚ before making an abrupt and unexplained disappearance in the 90s. It’s still not entirely clear what stopped it‚ but it’s speculated that large mudslides in 1999 that necessitated the building of new roadways could have played a part.However‚ those pesky new roads weren’t about to stop La Mancha Negra‚ as it made its second (and supposedly final) appearance in 2001. Official reports on the current progress of La Mancha Negra seem to have stopped in the early 2000s‚ with all recent accounts citing these older pieces as the most recent sources.For this reason‚ it’s widely speculated that La Mancha Negra finally reached its demise sometime in the late noughties‚ and it doesn’t seem to have returned. How this happened‚ though‚ is still up for debate.