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1 y

Not Just Ivy League: Public Universities Like GMU Also Must Answer for Moral Rot
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Not Just Ivy League: Public Universities Like GMU Also Must Answer for Moral Rot

So far‚ almost all the critical focus on how university leaders have manifestly failed to address rampant antisemitism on their campuses has been aimed at selective‚ private universities. It was the presidents of Harvard University‚ the University of Pennsylvania‚ and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology‚ for example‚ who testified Dec. 5 to Congress on the issue and now face the brunt of the backlash. But many state universities are just as culpable. The ideology undergirding the obsession with diversity‚ equity‚ and inclusion‚ known as DEI‚ is also fueling Jew hatred at their institutions. It is also out of control at public universities‚ where there are more obvious policy levers to rein in antisemitism. Unlike schools in the Ivy League or colleges such as MIT‚ which are private‚ state schools are public institutions predominantly supported by tax dollars‚ which makes them entirely accountable to voters and‚ thus‚ to governors‚ state legislatures‚ and boards of trustees. Harvard‚ Yale‚ and other private institutions still get plenty of taxpayer support (in the billions)‚ but the subsidy is more indirect‚ and they are not answerable to voters for their policies. One public university that warrants critical attention is George Mason University. Its main campus in Fairfax‚ Virginia‚ may be a few hundred miles south of the Ivy cluster‚ but it nonetheless has severe problems with antisemitism on campus and a president as attached to DEI ideology as Harvard’s Claudine Gay or Penn’s Liz Magill. And although Gay has come under heavy criticism after a horrendous hearing performance and evidence of plagiarism‚ and Magill was outright fired‚ George Mason President Gregory Washington retains his job and has escaped scrutiny. Washington became president in July 2020 amid the nationwide Black Lives Matter riots and has a record no better than Gay or Magill. Among the first actions Washington took as president were to create an “anti-racism taskforce‚” to add to curriculum statements on how racism would be opposed in each subject‚ and to order the building of a memorial to the slaves that the university’s namesake owned two centuries earlier. Research published by the two of us this year showed that George Mason University under Washington has accumulated the most bloated DEI bureaucracy in the Old Dominion. Washington groused publicly about our numbers after the paper was published. Washington promised to demonstrate how we were wrong. But all that a review he called has done is change definitions around. For example‚ the chief of staff of a DEI officer now is not identified as working on DEI. Presto—linguistic gymnastics made the DEI bloat disappear. In other words‚ Washington has doubled down on the woke DEI efforts that people now understand induced students across the country to be so ethically challenged that they supported Hamas over their Jewish victims following the terrorist group’s mass killing and rapes Oct. 7 in Israel. Small wonder that Mason’s campus was one of the earliest and largest scenes of pro-terrorist demonstrations by such radical groups as Students for Justice in Palestine. Masked pro-Hamas student protesters were allowed into a Nov. 30 meeting of the Board of Visitors‚ at which they accused the board members of complicity in the “genocidal murder” of Palestinians and that ended with the genocidal “from the river to the sea” slogan. Washington sat there impassively. When a group of law school professors signed a letter of protest demanding an explanation‚ Washington just ignored them . The anti-Israel protesters have also been marching around Mason’s campus chanting genocidal slogans while wearing keffiyehs to cover their faces‚ despite a Virginia statute prohibiting the use of face coverings in public to conceal one’s identity. Washington has refused to strictly enforce that prohibition despite the fact that the law was originally adopted to crack down on the KKK and despite Virginia’s attorney general’s sending the university president a letter specifically instructing him to enforce the law. Washington’s failure to have George Mason police arrest those violating this law demonstrates that he has more concern for those harassing Jews on campus than he does for the Jews being abused. Like Gay‚ Washington’s failure as a university president is not confined to his DEI obsession and callous indifference to the well-being of Jews on campus. Washington has been derelict on other things that matter. Last week‚ the American Bar Association put Mason’s prestigious Scalia Law School on probation for lacking “sufficient current and anticipated financial resources” to carry out its education mission. That probation occurred because Washington proposed across-the-board budget cuts. While he rescinded the cuts for the Scalia Law School‚ publicly declaring that its funds could be in jeopardy led the ABA to believe that the school’s financial situation was precarious. Given that the law school is one of the few pockets at Mason‚ or in academia in general‚ that is welcoming to conservatives‚ it is possible that Washington didn’t mind getting it into hot water with the ABA. Decisive university leaders concentrate budget cuts on areas of the university that are both educationally unsound and significant money losers‚ such as DEI bureaucracies and gender and ethnic studies departments. But Washington is not that kind of leader and would never place his beloved DEI in jeopardy. The next round of congressional hearings on higher ed’s Jew-hatred problem should bring in the bad-acting leaders of public universities to answer questions. We expect that if they bring in George Mason’s Washington‚ he is unlikely to fare better than Magill or Gay. This commentary originally was published by the Washington Examiner Have an opinion about this article? To sound off‚ please email letters@DailySignal.com‚ and we’ll consider publishing your edited remarks in our regular “We Hear You” feature. Remember to include the URL or headline of the article plus your name and town and/or state. The post Not Just Ivy League: Public Universities Like GMU Also Must Answer for Moral Rot appeared first on The Daily Signal.
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1 y

Chinese Drug Dealers Use Risqué Ads to Sell Narcotics‚ Fentanyl Ingredients on US Social Media
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Chinese Drug Dealers Use Risqué Ads to Sell Narcotics‚ Fentanyl Ingredients on US Social Media

Accounts claiming to represent Chinese drug manufacturers are using provocative images of women to advertise narcotics and fentanyl precursors on U.S. social media‚ according to a Daily Caller News Foundation review of hundreds of English and Chinese-language social media posts. The Daily Caller News Foundation identified several dozen LinkedIn accounts claiming to be saleswomen representing China-based manufacturers primarily located near Beijing or Wuhan. The accounts often featured images of women and teenage girls in advertisements for a wide variety of controlled substances including 4-piperidone‚ which is used to manufacture fentanyl. Many of the posts included suggestive language like “hot sale” to advertise the chemicals‚ as well as contact information on encrypted messaging apps and Chinese phone numbers. The companies these accounts claimed to represent included six of the Chinese chemical manufacturers indicted by the Department of Justice in June and October for crimes related to trafficking fentanyl precursors and other substances. It’s not clear if the LinkedIn accounts identified by the Daily Caller News Foundation have any official relationship with the Chinese drug manufacturers they claim to represent. Neither the accounts nor the Chinese manufacturers responded to the Daily Caller News Foundation’s request for comment. After the Daily Caller News Foundation reached out to LinkedIn for comment‚ the social media platform immediately removed the accounts that had been flagged. “Whenever we see posts‚ ads or accounts that don’t meet our policies‚ we remove them‚ as we did in this case‚” a LinkedIn spokesperson told the Daily Caller News Foundation by email. ‘Foreign Attack’ Approximately 50 times more potent than heroin‚ fentanyl is a synthetic opioid‚ which is a drug class that was involved in almost 70% of the approximately 110‚000 U.S. overdose deaths in 2022‚ according to the Drug Enforcement Administration. China is the “primary source of fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances trafficked through international mail” as well as the “main source for all fentanyl-related substances” trafficked into the U.S.‚ according to the DEA. “Chinese drug traffickers are successfully taking advantage of deliberate American policy weakness on both fronts [physical and virtual] with regard to fentanyl precursors and the products they become in the U.S.‚” Steve Yates‚ America First Policy Institute senior fellow and China Policy Initiative chair‚ told the Daily Caller News Foundation. “It is the single most significant foreign attack on the American family in history‚ with my family standing among the hundreds of thousands of other families who have suffered unspeakable injury and loss as a direct result.” “I lost my daughter in October after she ingested a fentanyl-laced street version of Xanax‚” Yates told the Daily Caller News Foundation. Many of the LinkedIn advertisements featured numeric identifiers for the chemicals on offer‚ known as Chemical Abstracts Service registration numbers. For instance‚ the National Institutes of Health identifies “23076-35-9” as the CAS number for xylazine hydrochloride‚ whose active ingredient‚ xylazine‚ is illicitly used to cut fentanyl‚ according to the White House’s Office of National Drug Control Policy. Xylazine also happened to be among the most frequently advertised products by the LinkedIn accounts reviewed by the Daily Caller News Foundation. In one such instance‚ a LinkedIn account for a saleswoman claiming to represent Hebei Ningnan Trade Co.‚ Ltd. advertised 1019.5 grams of xylazine hydrochloride in an April 2023 post featuring an image of a bag of white powder on a scale. “New date with strong effect‚” the caption read. In April 2023‚ a LinkedIn account purportedly representing Henan Ningnan Trade Co. Ltd. advertised xylazine hydrochloride‚ a veterinary tranquilizer that is used to cut fentanyl. pic.twitter.com/6mQu1UhDL3— Philip Lenczycki ?? (@LenczyckiPhilip) December 14‚ 2023 In April 2023‚ the Biden administration designated fentanyl combined with xylazine as an emerging threat to the U.S. “because xylazine combined with fentanyl is being sold illicitly and is associated with significant and rapidly worsening negative health consequences‚ including fatal overdoses and severe morbidity.” “Xylazine and fentanyl drug mixtures place users at a higher risk of suffering a fatal drug poisoning‚” according to a 2022 DEA report. “Because xylazine is not an opioid‚ naloxone (Narcan) does not reverse its effects.” “People who inject drug mixtures containing xylazine also can develop severe wounds‚ including necrosis—the rotting of human tissue—that may lead to amputation‚” the DEA report stated. The LinkedIn accounts reviewed by the Daily Caller News Foundation also advertised a range of controlled substances‚ including those from the Schedule I category—such as the synthetic opioid protonitazene and the synthetic cathinone eutylone. Schedule I substances have a “high potential for abuse” and “no currently accepted medical use in treatment‚” according to the DEA. In March 2023‚ a LinkedIn account for a saleswoman claiming to represent Henan Ruijiu Biotechnology Co.‚ Ltd. advertised “eutylone” in a post featuring substances of several colors. In March 2023‚ a LinkedIn account purportedly representing Henan Ruijiu Biotechnology Co. Ltd. advertised the synthetic cathinone‚ eutylone‚ which is a Schedule I substance. pic.twitter.com/bSCgccfKl5— Philip Lenczycki ?? (@LenczyckiPhilip) December 14‚ 2023 In 2020‚ eutylone was involved in at least 343 overdose deaths in the U.S.‚ many of which co-involved “illicitly manufactured fentanyls‚” cocaine‚ or methamphetamines‚ according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition to Schedule I substances‚ the LinkedIn accounts that the Daily Caller News Foundation reviewed also advertised various chemicals used to manufacture controlled substances‚ like PMK. In April 2023‚ a LinkedIn account for a saleswoman claiming to represent Wuhan Xiju Biotechnology Co.‚ Ltd. posted a video advertisement for a brown liquid that the clip identified as “PMK oil‚” which is “important to the manufacture of the Schedule I controlled substance 3‚4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other ‘ecstasy’-type substances‚” according to the Federal Register. An image of a teenage girl sticking out her tongue and the company logo of Wuhan Xiju Biotechnology were superimposed over the video advertisement‚ which was set to electronic dance music. In April 2023‚ a LinkedIn account purportedly representing Wuhan Xiju Biotechnology Co. Ltd. advertised the List I chemical‚ PMK‚ which is used to manufacture the Schedule I controlled substance MDMA and other drugs‚ according to the Federal Register. pic.twitter.com/pfjH8mbckP— Philip Lenczycki ?? (@LenczyckiPhilip) December 14‚ 2023 The Daily Caller News Foundation also identified accounts purportedly representing several of the Chinese chemical manufacturers on various other U.S. social media platforms. For example‚ Facebook accounts purportedly representing Wuhan Mulei New Material Technology Co.‚ Ltd. and Wuhan Kairunte New Material Co.‚ Ltd. advertised xylazine and other substances. Likewise‚ a YouTube account purportedly representing Hubei Amarvel Biotech Co.‚ Ltd. advertised controlled substances like PMK. One ad stated that the company offered “customized packages” for its products‚ including dog food bags‚ tubs of nuts‚ and other “creative designs.” A YouTube account purportedly representing Hubei Amarvel Biotechnology Co. Ltd. advertised the List I chemical PMK &; other substances in a clip touting the company's "customized packages" for its shipments that included "creative designs" like dog food bags. pic.twitter.com/Mup58IMDLV— Philip Lenczycki ?? (@LenczyckiPhilip) December 14‚ 2023 A Meta spokesperson told the Daily Caller News Foundation by email that the social media platform had reviewed the accounts that the Daily Caller News Foundation had flagged and “removed them for violating our policies.” A YouTube spokesperson also told the Daily Caller News Foundation by email that they’d “terminated” the accounts the Daily Caller News Foundation had flagged‚ citing various platform policy violations‚ including “marketing the sale of regulated pharmaceuticals without a prescription.” “Channels that repeatedly violate our policies are subject to termination‚ which is what happened in this case‚” the YouTube spokesperson said. ‘A Weapon of Mass Destruction’ In November 2023‚ President Joe Biden met with Chinese leader Xi Jinping in San Francisco‚ during which the White House announced “the resumption of bilateral cooperation on counternarcotics‚ with a focus on reducing the flow of precursor chemicals fueling illicit fentanyl and synthetic drug trafficking.” “The [People’s Republic of China] is now taking law enforcement action against illicit precursor suppliers‚ has issued a notice to industry warning Chinese companies against illicit trade in precursor chemicals and pill presses equipment and has committed to restart key law enforcement cooperation‚” the White House stated at the time. Fentanyl and its precursors that originate in China follow a number of routes to enter the U.S.‚ according to a 2020 DEA report. The substances are sometimes shipped from China-based manufacturers through mail services to Canada or Mexico‚ whereupon they’re processed and frequently mixed with heroin‚ before entering the U.S. drug market‚ the 2020 DEA report states. Other times‚ Chinese fentanyl and its precursors are simply sent by mail directly to the U.S. Mexican drug cartels also take advantage of lax U.S. border security by using migrant volunteers “to smuggle drugs to reduce their debt from the tax required to move through their territory‚” according to a 2023 America First Policy Institute research report. Many clandestine laboratories in the U.S. are closely tied to Mexican drug cartels‚ Ammon Blair‚ Texas Public Policy Foundation senior fellow and former Border Patrol agent‚ told the Daily Caller News Foundation. “There are some organizations in the U.S. that are capable of synthesizing fentanyl and opioids independently of the Mexican cartels‚ but they may be limited by regional market conditions and law enforcement efforts‚” Blair said. “However‚ the exact number and size of such organizations are not clear.” In 2022‚ law enforcement “reportedly found chemicals or other items‚ indicating the presence of either clandestine drug laboratories or dumpsites” at over 130 locations in the U.S.‚ according to a national clandestine laboratory registry maintained by the DEA. Yates told the Daily Caller News Foundation that the U.S. government must secure our “physical and cyber borders‚” disrupt the illicit chemical supply chains‚ and launch “comprehensive political and economic warfare against all responsible governments and entities.” “We have done no less against the threat of terrorism‚” Yates said. “This is a weapon of mass destruction detonated on American families.” DOJ and DEA did not respond to multiple requests for comment. Originally published by the Daily Caller News Foundation Have an opinion about this article? To sound off‚ please email letters@DailySignal.com‚ and we’ll consider publishing your edited remarks in our regular “We Hear You” feature. Remember to include the URL or headline of the article plus your name and town and/or state. The post Chinese Drug Dealers Use Risqué Ads to Sell Narcotics‚ Fentanyl Ingredients on US Social Media appeared first on The Daily Signal.
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Survival Prepper
Survival Prepper  
1 y

Mullein: The World’s Most Useful Weed
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Mullein: The World’s Most Useful Weed

Mullein: The World’s Most Useful Weed
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1 y

Cheap Eats: Stretch Your Budget with Thrifty $1 Meals
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Cheap Eats: Stretch Your Budget with Thrifty $1 Meals

Cheap Eats: Stretch Your Budget with Thrifty $1 Meals
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1 y

How China Is Rewriting the History of Hong Kong's Democracy Protests
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How China Is Rewriting the History of Hong Kong's Democracy Protests

How China Is Rewriting the History of Hong Kong's Democracy Protests
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Science Explorer
Science Explorer
1 y

A Shiny Uranus Is JWST's Holiday Gift For Us All
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A Shiny Uranus Is JWST's Holiday Gift For Us All

JWST's gift to us all this holiday season: an even better view of Uranus. Following a spectacular image taken earlier this year‚ the space telescope has been taking many observations of the distant ice giant planet. A new image released to mark the winter holidays reveals many previously unseen details.JWST has snapped details of the dim inner and outer rings of Uranus‚ including the elusive Zeta ring. This is the extremely faint and diffuse ring closest to the planet. In the wide field view‚ the image shows at least 14 moons‚ more than half of the planet’s 27 known natural satellites. In the close-up version‚ you can see that some of the moons are within the rings.If moons and rings were not spectacular enough for your liking‚ how about some atmospheric features? In visible light‚ Uranus is fairly featureless. The observations from Voyager 2 in the 1980s show it as a smooth aquamarine-colored sphere. In infrared light‚ things are different. There are storms visible as bright dots on Uranus. You can also see the full polar cap.Uranus‚ its rings‚ and many of its moons‚ as captured by JWST.Image Credit: NASA‚ ESA‚ CSA‚ STScIThe reason why we can see the whole pole is that Uranus orbits on its side. Its axis has a whopping 98-degree tilt compared to its orbit. This is believed to have been caused by a colossal collision billions of years ago. Uranus is approaching its solstice in 2028‚ and then the axis will be pointing right at the Sun. The seasonal effects create the white dome seen in this photo‚ and JWST observations will help disentangle these effects from different meteorological phenomena.Uranus has complexities not seen on other planets so the work carried out by planetary scientists with the help of JWST will be fundamental in building a more accurate picture of what goes on inside this fascinating world.
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Science Explorer
Science Explorer
1 y

Striped Dolphin With
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Striped Dolphin With "One In A Million" Hook-Like Flippers Spotted In Gulf Of Corinth

Off the coast of Greece‚ an individual striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) has been spotted. While this is not unusual in itself‚ the reason this dolphin is making waves (pun intended) is due to a rather strange variation in the appearance of its flippers. The flippers on both sides of the animal look hooked‚ giving the appearance of thumbs.Researchers from the Pelagos Cetacean Research Institute have seen the dolphin engaging in normal behaviors with its pod in the Gulf of Corinth‚ within the Ionian Sea between mainland Greece and the Peloponnese peninsula. Striped dolphins are a fairly common species‚ with males typically 2.7 meters (9 feet) long and weighing around 158 kilograms (350 pounds)‚ while females are 2.4 meters (8 feet) and 150 kilograms (330 pounds). They are a very social species and travel in large groups of as many as 100 individuals‚ known as pods. They are energetic‚ fast‚ and nimble through the water‚ and will even leap as high as 6 meters (20 feet) above the surface‚ according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration."It was the very first time we saw this surprising flipper morphology in 30 years of surveys in the open sea and also in studies while monitoring all the stranded dolphins along the coasts of Greece for 30 years‚" Alexandros Frantzis‚ the scientific coordinator and president of the Pelagos Cetacean Research Institute‚ told Live Science.                  As for the cause of the unusual flipper‚ it is most likely a problem that arose during the genetic development of the dolphin in the womb. Human and dolphin anatomy is remarkably similar when it comes to the wrists and hands. “Dolphins‚ their ends are exactly like ours‚ they have segments that compose the wrists‚ the segment that composes the metacarpal bone and the segments that compose our fingers‚” said Professor Bruno Cozzi‚ author of Anatomy of Dolphins and veterinary anatomy specialist‚ during an interview with IFLScience. “Their fingers come together in a unique order‚ with very tough connective tissue. In this case‚ one of the buds‚ instead of sticking together with the other ones‚ has remained separate‚ and this probably happens in the first to second month of fetal life. It is difficult to say which part without an X-ray‚” continued Cozzi. "Some abnormality has happened during development‚ one in a million". Dolphins have remarkably similar hand structures to humans.Image credit: VectorMine/Shutterstock.comCozzi is confident that the cause of the flipper variation is not a result of injury. “It’s genetic. How can I tell? Because with a trauma or injury it would only be on one side to cause the variation. It is on both sides‚ bilaterally on the dolphin‚ so it’s genetic.”Cozzi wonders if the genetic trait will be passed on to any offspring the dolphin might have‚ but thinks it is unlikely: “It is most likely a recessive [trait]‚ it's not dominant.” However if you were to see the same variation in the flippers [in the offspring]‚ it would mean that a [trait] that has been buried by evolution as useless is coming back again‚ but it's absolutely not likely”.The experts think this happened during fetal development‚ and not injury or trauma to the flippers.Image courtesy of Alexandros Frantzis / Pelagos Cetacean Research InstituteFortunately‚ Cozzi does not think the dolphin will suffer negative consequences as a result of the variation in flipper appearance. “Since they are not using their flippers in a prehensile way‚ [it] won’t affect the dolphin too much. Maybe slightly less performance in swimming.”On a positive note the dolphin has been seen "swimming‚ leaping‚ bow-riding‚ playing" according to Frantzis‚ so is likely living a normal dolphin lifestyle and is not affected by its unusual flippers. 
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1 y

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"Shallowing" Is The Sex Trend You Probably Didn't Know You Love

Everybody’s talking about “shallowing”‚ the new sex act guaranteed to increase Pleasure For Her! But what is this technique? Is it really as orgasmic as they say? Should we be worried? Or is this just another “fluid bonding” situation? Don’t worry you crazy kids; we’ve got your answers.The term “shallowing” doesn’t have a long history behind it – it was first named in the literature just two years ago. But far from being some newfangled futuristic sex maneuver‚ it’s likely something you’re already intimately familiar with. After all‚ the report that brought it to the world’s attention – a survey of thousands of women from around the world and within the US – found that about six out of every seven respondents already used the technique to make sex and masturbation more fun.So‚ what does it involve? Well‚ the name is actually pretty descriptive: the idea is to keep penetrative touch to the entrance‚ and just inside‚ of the vagina‚ rather than going further in. You can use fingers‚ a toy‚ a penis‚ a tongue – whatever gets you off‚ literally – just as long as you don’t go too deep.“If you practice penetrative sex‚ you might have already found it pleasurable when the head of the penis creates pressure at the vaginal entrance before or at the very beginning of penetration‚” she said. “[It’s the] same with a toy or fingers‚” Cecile Gasnault‚ brand director of sex toy company SmileMakers‚ told Glamour magazine last year.“The idea is to go in only by a few centimeters‚” she said.While “less is more” doesn’t always apply when it comes to sexy times – and what is and is not erotic is of course notoriously subjective – there’s some good science backing up shallowing for pleasure. While much has been made of the extraordinary sensitivity of the clitoris‚ the vulva – that is‚ the external female genitalia (because no‚ you cannot see a person’s vagina from the outside unless something has gone seriously wrong) – is also packed with nerve endings. As a comparison for our penis-endowed pals‚ it’s thought that the amount of sensation felt by the vulva is roughly the same as the scrotum‚ and we all know how squeamish you get about that.“[The vulva] actually contains 90 percent of the vagina's nerve endings‚” Gasnault explained‚ “which is why its stimulation can feel very pleasurable – be it with a partner or solo. So it's worth paying some attention to it.”But the advantages to shallowing aren’t confined to just exploiting those nerve endings. Experts recommend using the technique slowly‚ as “[it] can be a great way to get more in touch with your nerve endings and how they pertain to your pleasure in your body‚” Marla Renee Stewart‚ sexologist and sexual wellness expert for sex toy company Lovers‚ told Well+Good.Other benefits include increased anticipation and excitement when having sex with a partner‚ sex therapist and licensed clinical social worker Chanta Blue told Well+Good – and it’s a boon for when deeper penetration “isn't pleasurable‚ comfortable‚ or possible‚” she added.So: shallowing. Give it a go! Or don’t‚ we’re not your sex boss. Unless…
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1 y

Can Everyone Unfocus Their Eyes On Command?
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Can Everyone Unfocus Their Eyes On Command?

Ever been watching a scary movie and wished you could shield your eyes from what’s on the Big Screen without the shame of actually having to shield your eyes? For some people‚ not seeing what’s in front of them is a simple case of relaxing the ciliary muscle‚ but not everyone can blur their vision on command.The ciliary muscles help your eyes to focus by changing the shape of the lens. When it’s relaxed‚ it pulls on fibers that cause the lens to flatten and thin out. When they contract‚ the opposite happens‚ releasing tension on the lens so it becomes fatter and rounder. Our focusing power is strongest when the lens is spherical rather than flat because it’s better able to bend and refract light so that it’s focused on the retina‚ meaning contraction of the ciliary muscle improves the clarity of our vision. When it’s relaxed‚ things get a bit blurry.Curiously‚ some people appear to be able to voluntarily relax the ciliary muscle so that their vision becomes unfocused. It’s a skill Dr Karan Raj describes as “the world’s most useless superpower‚" but not everyone has it. Excuse us while we enroll in Godolkin University. IFLScience is not responsible for content shared from external sites.And to make it even more useless‚ it seems doing it too often can get you in trouble.“Excessive unfocusing can lead to visual strain and fatigue‚” says Raj. “Constantly shifting between focused and unfocused states might overstimulate the ciliary muscle and the eye’s focusing mechanism. Repeating this divergent squint too often could disrupt your normal binocular vision‚ coordination between the eyes‚ and eye alignment.”Voluntary relaxation of the ciliary muscle isn’t the only visual phenomenon that’s not shared by everyone. About 76 percent of all non-visually impaired people experience something known as "floaters". These appear as moving structures‚ like little worms‚ that sometimes appear in your field of vision if you are staring at something bright and uniform such as the sky‚ snow‚ or a white screen.Their scientific name is Muscae volitantes‚ or "flying flies" – but they are not insects. As an excellent TED-Ed video explains‚ they are tiny objects within your eyes. They could be bits of tissue‚ red blood cells‚ or protein clumps floating in the vitreous humor. This is the gel-like substance between the lens and the retina that keeps the eye in shape.It’s a reminder that there are all sorts of subtle ways in which our perceptions of the world around us can vary. And when it comes to interpreting those perceptions? Well‚ don’t even get us started on aphantasia.
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When Science Fiction Becomes Reality: The Science Of Xenotransplantation
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When Science Fiction Becomes Reality: The Science Of Xenotransplantation

In the realm of human imagination‚ the boundaries between fiction and reality have often blurred‚ giving rise to remarkable technological leaps.From the futuristic visions of video calls in Star Trek becoming the cornerstone of modern communication‚ to the notion of voice-activated assistants akin to science fiction's digital companions‚ our world has consistently drawn inspiration from the creative musings of storytellers. Take‚ for example‚ HAL 9000‚ the iconic AI from Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey‚ known for its cold‚ calculating demeanor and unnerving calmness. And how could we forget its murderous intentions?Contrast that with Holly‚ the quirky and eccentric ship's computer in the British sci-fi comedy Red Dwarf‚ with their witty banter and endearing personality. These contrasting personalities have left an interesting mark on our perception of AI and voice-activated systems in the real world‚ shaping our expectations and aspirations for the technology. Science fiction has envisaged concepts from space travel to artificial intelligence long before they materialized.These intersections between science fiction and reality continue to shape the future‚ with each innovative step forging a connection between the fantastic and the factual.British author Malorie Blackman explored the idea of xenotransplantation in her book Pig Heart Boy. Xenotransplantation involves grafting or transplanting organs‚ tissues‚ or cells from one species into another. The story follows Cameron‚ a boy with heart failure who receives a transplant from a genetically modified pig. While Blackman's book imagined a futuristic concept‚ it eerily foreshadowed the real-life work scientists are doing today with animal-to-human organ donation.Pig hearts: the future of organ transplantation?  In groundbreaking new research‚ doctors have successfully transplanted pig kidneys into human participants. These pioneering procedures were once only imagined in science fiction stories.Yet the concept of using animal organs to save human lives has now become a reality.The recent achievements in xenotransplantation show how quickly fictional concepts can leap from the page to the lab.While research into using primate organs for humans began in the 1960s‚ immunological rejection posed a major barrier. Pigs have become the focus for their anatomical similarity to humans and ability to be bred specifically for donation. Still‚ differences between pig and human tissues can lead to rejection. Scientists are using gene editing to remove sugars on the surface of pig cells that trigger this immune response in humans. Other approaches involve knocking out genes for pig proteins that can activate clotting and inflammation. Pharmaceuticals and genetic modifications help control the recipient's immune system to prevent it from attacking the foreign organ.These efforts paid off in several recent milestones.In September 2021‚ NYU Langone Health researchers accomplished a successful kidney transplant from a genetically engineered pig to a brain-dead human patient‚ with no rejection issues.In January 2022‚ the University of Maryland School of Medicine performed the first-ever pig heart transplant in a living human‚ resulting in the patient surviving for 2 months.In 2022‚ surgeons at NYU Langone Health successfully transplanted pig hearts into two brain-dead people‚ followed by another xenotransplantation trial in 2023 that transplanted pig kidneys into two brain-dead recipients.After running this recent study‚ co-author Dr Jayme E. Locke‚ professor of surgery at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine‚ explained to IFLScience that this research “allowed us to demonstrate the life-sustaining renal function of genetically edited pig kidneys in an adult human.”Dr Locke pointed out that the biggest hurdle to xenotransplantation evolving in the future is the regulatory approvals needed to move to clinical trials‚ however‚ the development “has the potential to completely solve the organ shortage crisis.”While xenotransplantation provides hope for saving lives with animal organs‚ it also raises ethical questions.Is xenotransplantation ethical – for humans and animals?  Evan Thornburg‚ a bioethicist who explains ethical concepts under the username @gaygtownbae on TikTok‚ pointed out that we must consider the ethical treatment of both animals and human recipients. The ethical considerations surrounding the use of animals in transplantation and related research can be categorized into two key areas.First‚ there are concerns related to animal ethics‚ encompassing aspects such as their treatment‚ rearing‚ living conditions‚ sentience‚ and potential harm‚ with implications for communities like vegans‚ vegetarians‚ or Buddhists.Second‚ there are ethical dimensions related to the human recipient‚ including beliefs about the process of using animals for transplantation‚ sustaining one's life through another's tissue‚ access to treatment‚ sustainability of treatments‚ and the manner in which informed and enthusiastic consent is obtained.These ethical considerations are vital in shaping the discourse surrounding animal-based transplantation and research. Broader preemptive public education is crucial‚ particularly on medical and scientific concepts‚ as most people encounter these topics only during a medical crisis.With limited health literacy‚ it is important to integrate health science information into education systems early to enable informed consent during critical healthcare decisions.Thornburg noted to IFLScience that “a huge component of bioethics as it pertains to clinical care and treatment involves thinking critically (and respectfully) about belief systems and religious doctrine that followers utilize as their moral and decision guidance.”“With existing new medical research‚ scientists that make up research teams do not always consider this element‚ and how necessary to respect it is‚” Thornburg said.“Coming up with viable alternatives or more accessible care options‚ especially for the ongoing crisis that is transplant and tissue-related medical care‚ is absolutely necessary because of how much life is lost due to unmet supply and demand.”It’s important to note‚ however‚ that ‘fixing’ the organ shortage issue via a method such as xenotransplantation may result in growing disparity between populations who agree to treatment and those who oppose or cannot consent due to their beliefs.Thornburg highlights that we should focus on promoting healthcare options aligned with these beliefs and engage in education and dialogue with religious communities‚ potentially influencing religious leaders to incorporate these treatments into their principles.Dr Cat Henstridge‚ a veterinary surgeon and star of CBBC’s The Pet Factor‚ told IFLScience that while we still have a journey ahead before xenotransplants become a standard choice for recipients‚ this research presents encouraging findings and may signify a significant advancement for patients dealing with organ failure.Dr Henstridge also commented on the ethical considerations‚ emphasizing that as a veterinarian‚ her stance on this matter aligns with the treatment of any other animal employed for human benefit.If they have lived a life meeting their welfare requirements‚ allowing them to exhibit natural behaviors‚ and ensuring they have been free from pain‚ discomfort‚ and distress‚ followed by surgery and euthanasia carried out in a gentle‚ compassionate‚ and painless manner‚ then there may be limited reservations about utilizing them as organ donors for human recipients.Addressing the fear of animal-to-human transplantsExperts agree that there must be a wider public debate‚ if animal-to-human transplants are to be accepted more widely. For example‚ concerns regarding the transmission of diseases from animals to humans must be addressed. Ensuring the safety of xenotransplants is essential to prevent potential public health crises and garner public support.The ethical questions surrounding the treatment of animals and the potential exploitation of animal donors that must be addressed through rigorous regulations and ethical frameworks.There are economic and logistical challenges associated with xenotransplants‚ including the cost of breeding and maintaining donor animals.Further research will be crucial to foster transparency‚ establish ethical guidelines and pave the way for a more widespread acceptance.Thornburg said that “one of the issues that affects consent is foundational knowledge/understanding of medicine and science‚ with most people being introduced to a medical concept‚ treatment‚ or possibility only when they are enduring a medical crisis that requires decision-making.”“Between the emotional duress of a diagnosis and prognosis along with the average (American) health literacy level being around a 6th grade reading level (this is even lower is places with high poverty‚ high youth populations) enthusiastic‚ informed consent really requires having some general or starting familiarity with health sciences and treatment possibilities.”Thornburg also highlighted how the scientific community “does the general population a large disservice by not embedding this kind of information into our educational systems early.”“Especially since at any time‚ any day‚ at any point in a person's life they could end up in care or in need of an aggressive or complicated treatment that they don't understand and deeply fear.”The recent milestones in xenotransplantation showcase how science fiction concepts can translate into real innovations.Writers and artists have long been trailblazers envisioning possibilities that drive science and technology forward. As researchers continue making strides in cross-species organ transplantation‚ they turn the imagination of authors like Malorie Blackman into life-saving medical therapy.Xenotransplantation is an example of the important relationship between creativity and discovery. And it leaves us wondering – what other futuristic ideas from today's great science fiction will become tomorrow's reality?
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