'An enormous increase'

A video shared on X claims to show the United States Navy being deployed to respond to Russian warships. ⚠️⚠️⚠️ WARNING: THE US NAVY HAS NOW BEEN DEPLOYED IN MIAMI DUE TO RUSSIAN WARSHIP AND NUCLEAR POWER SUBMARINE THREATS !!! ⚠️⚠️⚠️ pic.twitter.com/P4BRiKHkKo — Q ™️ (@QTHESTORMM) June 12, 2024 Verdict: Misleading The video shows an […]

News Nosferatu The First Teaser for Robert Eggers’ Nosferatu Holds Back the Good Stuff The count is still lurking in the shadows. By Molly Templeton | Published on June 24, 2024 Screenshot: Focus Features Comment 0 Share New Share Screenshot: Focus Features A very merry vampire Christmas to all who celebrate! That’s when Nosferatu, the next film from The Lighthouse and The Northman director Robert Eggers arrives—all festive and red with blood, one supposes. And one will have to keep supposing even after seeing this first teaser, which withholds much of what we want to see: Bill Skarsgård as the title character (known also as Count Orlok). Instead, we get Lily-Rose Deep, breathily whispering her lines, and a lot of people saying, “He is coming” while he proceeds not to come. Is it moody? Yes. Yes, it is moody as hell. The description says only, “Robert Eggers’ Nosferatu is a gothic tale of obsession between a haunted young woman and the terrifying vampire infatuated with her, causing untold horror in its wake.” Depp plays Ellen Hutter, said haunted young woman; Nicholas Hoult, in his second recent go-round with a big big vampire (following Renfield), plays her husband, Thomas, a real-estate agent who may find himself with a very odd client. The rest of the cast includes Aaron Taylor-Johnson (Kraven the Hunter) as Friedrich Harding, Emma Corrin (The Crown) as Anna Harding, and the most excellent Willem Dafoe as Professor Albin Eberhart Von Franz. Nosferatu is in theaters December 25th.[end-mark] The post The First Teaser for Robert Eggers’ Nosferatu Holds Back the Good Stuff appeared first on Reactor.

Excerpts Young Adult Read an Excerpt From Steven dos Santos’ Malicia Four friends, three days, two lovers, and one very haunted theme park. By Steven dos Santos | Published on June 24, 2024 Comment 0 Share New Share We’re thrilled to share an excerpt from Malicia, a young adult horror novel by Steven dos Santos—available now from Page Street YA. On a stormy Halloween weekend, Ray enlists his best friends Joaquin, Sofia, and Isabella to help him make a documentary of Malicia, the abandoned theme park off the coast of the Dominican Republic where his mother and brother died in a mass killing thirteen years ago.But what should be an easy weekend trip quickly turns into something darker because all four friends have come to Malicia for their own reasons:Ray has come to Malicia to find out the truth of the massacre that destroyed his family. Isabella has come to make art out of Ray’s tragedy for her own personal gain. Sofia has come to support her friends in one last adventure before she goes to med school. Joaquin already knows the truth of the Malicia Massacre and he has come to betray his crush Ray to the evil that made the park possible.With an impending hurricane and horrors around every corner, they all struggle to face the deadly storm and their own inner demons. But the deadliest evil of all is the ancient malignant presence on the island. Raymundo Hundreds of people were slaughtered here at Malicia, the world’s largest and now defunct theme park dedicated to all things horror… and owned by my family.” I peer across the Caribbean Sea at the island looming just ahead, blocking the clouds and gorging on the scant slivers of light cutting through the gloom. It’s shrouded in heavy mist like un fantasma, the ghost of Halloweens past, digging up every painful memory I’ve ever had. Turning, I try and keep it together as I face my three companions, huddled together in the cramped, motorized gondola, anxious eyes glued on me. Joaquin, Sofia, and Isabella, the Quisqueya Club, my best friends in the whole world. And right now, the lifelines to my sanity. I avoid their scrutiny and stare directly into the camera. Isabella has focused on me, concentrating on getting the narration right for what must be the fiftieth take. “Among the victims were my mother—” a lump forms in my throat—“and my brother, Rudy.” I glance at the island, then back at the camera. “The perpetrators were never apprehended, and the reason for the massacre has remained a mystery. Tight security measures enforced by a private American security company, working in tandem with the local government of the Dominican Republic, have also prevented any leaked footage of the interior of the park from ever going viral. But this weekend, all of that is going to change. Today is Thursday, October 28th. By Sunday, October 31st, Halloween night and the anniversary of the massacre, the secrets of Malicia will all be revealed…” I pause a few seconds for dramatic effect before yelling, “Cut!” Isabella looks up from her camera, which is protected by a waterproof case, her bright white smile a gorgeous contrast against her smooth dark skin and curls. “¡Qué chevere! So cool. You nailed it this time, Ray. This Malicia exposé is def getting me into Northwestern’s journo program.” I hock up a thick loogie and launch it far into the sea. “Easily nine point five stars.” Sofia turns toward me and sighs. “Really, Ray, I accept the whole rating everything like a movie thing, but couldn’t you have gone with a one to five scale instead?” Buy the Book Malicia Steven dos Santos Buy Book Malicia Steven dos Santos Buy this book from: AmazonBarnes and NobleiBooksIndieBoundTarget “IMDB uses the ten-point rating scale. So, I’m staying true to my filmmaking ambitions.” Joaquin clears his throat. His light brown eyes flutter as he looks away. “I just want to say, we all respect and admire you, Ray. We know how hard it is for you to come back here.  ” I shrug it off. “Hey, pain fuels creativity, pana. If coming back here’s going to break through that writer’s block and let me finally get this screenplay done, it’s totally worth it. The story of what happened here has to be told the right way, not like some tabloid shit story.” Carajo. I’m a real jablador. I hate to bullshit my friends this way. Filmmaking isn’t why I really dragged them here for Halloween weekend. Joaquin squeezes my shoulder. “With my co-producer skills, we’re going to do this cinematic justice, tiguere. Screw high school. Next year, we’re UCLA bound!” Joaquin and I have this thing where I call him pana, and he calls me tiguere, kind of like Timon and Pumbaa from The Lion King, only Dominican style. I give him a wink, and he elbows me in the chest playfully, before I wrap him in a bear hug, mussing his wavy, dark hair. Sofia dazzles us all with a smile that brightens the surrounding gloom. “I guess I’m the odd woman out this weekend.” I tilt my head. “What do you mean, doctora?” “Well, Izzy’s working on her big Malicia exposé, you’re working on your autobiographical screenplay, and Joaquin’s scouting locations, composing shot lists, and whatever other techno thingies you film school boys do regarding said Malicia movie. I’m just the ex-girlfriend along for the ride.” My lips form into a pout. “Awww. Is my jevita Sofia feeling neglected?” “Don’t worry. I can take care of myself. I’ve brought something big and hard to keep me company.” After a suggestive beat, she reaches into her pack resting on the deck and rummages through it, pulling out a large, thick medical volume entitled The Quintessential Guide to Medicine, Third Edition, by Richard Bach. “Columbia University’s pre-med program waits for no one. There’s a reason my name means wisdom.” Isabella chuckles. “So what? The name Isabella means gift of God.” She takes a little bow. Joaquin clears his throat. “Well, my name does mean raised by god, so that trumps you, Izzy, just saying.” He shoots me a smile. “And Ray’s name means—” “He who is perpetually starving.” I cut him off with a wink. Joaquin’s phone beeps and he stares at the screen intensely. “Still no new hurricane advisory. According to the last one, Edgar was already a Category Four. If it should change course…” Sofia stuffs Bach back into her pack and rushes over, snatching his phone to get a better look before giving it back. “Category Four? That’s like winds over a hundred miles per hour, right?” “Sustained winds of one hundred and twenty-nine and above, to be exact,” Joaquin says. Isabella gives him a side-eye. “You definitely know your hurricane stats.” “I like to have the pulse on anything that might potentially kill me.” My eyes flit to the darkening skies, and I glance at each of them in turn. “We’ll be safe in the underground tunnels if the course shifts and we take a direct hit.” Joaquin pops a pill in his mouth and downs it with a long swig of bottled water. “How can there be tunnels on an island?” “They used dynamite to blast through the volcanic rock underneath Malicia Island. But I’ll leave it to the Quisqueya Club to make the decision on whether we move on or go back.” When no one protests, I gun the engines and speed toward Malicia. The island’s silhouette becomes more distinct, revealing the all-too-familiar and odd contours of its climate-controlled dome. It’s designed to look like a creepy mausoleum, shrouding the abandoned, crumbling buildings within. The entire park is built around a massive mountain and surrounded by an enormous perimeter fence, patterned after a gigantic, gothic graveyard. I bank sharply and the craft lurches, dousing us in chilly ocean spray. Sofia’s long black hair comes loose from its bun, plastering against her neck and shoulders, her soaked tank top and shorts hug the curves of her body. Joaquin hasn’t fared much better, his dark, wavy hair a mess, T-shirt clinging to his slim, swimmer’s build like a second skin, exposing that cute little scar on his hip. The two of them cling to each other, shivering and laughing. I chuckle. “Sorry for the turbulence, gente. There are towels in the center console.” Isabella’s been recording every nanosecond of our approach. She turns the camera on me. “Your turn to be exploited, Ray. Beefcake sells. You look like a real papichulo with all those muscles bulging out of that wet T-shirt, rugged jaw, five o’clock shadow, and long, jet-black hair whipping in the wind. It’s like the seductive hero from one of those steamy romance novels come to life. Viewers will love it!” I chuckle and hold out my palm to block my face. “Azarosa.” “You’re a plague on my life, too.” She giggles and goes back to recording our approach. I blow her a kiss. “Just promise me if something bad happens on Malicia, you won’t decide to go all Blair Witch Project while you’re running for your life. Shaky cam is so not cool anymore.” She gives me the middle finger salute. I flick a few switches on the console and there’s a burst of radio static. “This is Gondola 666 on our approach. Do you copy, Malicia?” No response. “Malicia, can you hear me? Hay alguien ahí?” My eyes narrow at the continued static. “The work crew was supposed to be waiting for us.” Sofia shrugs. “Could they be on break?” Isabella chuckles. “Maybe they’re all dead.” The gondola’s speakers crackle with a deep voice. “Gondola 666. We… hear you. Te escuchamos.” My muscles relax and I let out a sigh. “Carlos, eres tu? Soy Ray Delvalle. We’ve started our approach. Is everything okay? Está todo bien?” More static. Then Carlos finally responds. “Malicia los espera…” Malicia is waiting for us… There’s a click, followed by endless static. I flick the radio off. Sofia shakes her head. “Is he always that… uh… cryptic?” I try and shrug it off. “Carlos is the head foreman in charge of the operation here. The crew has been working twenty-four-seven with my father cracking the whip from the home office. And with this hurricane lurking, he’s probably just exhausted and annoyed at having to babysit us this weekend.” They all seem to buy my explanation, but none of them know Carlos personally like I do. He’s usually extremely friendly and talkative, un tipo that will bend over backwards to help, especially me, the boss’s son. I flick a different switch on the gondola’s dash. Ahead, the massive cemetery gates surrounding the park slowly creak open with a loud, unnerving grind, as our tiny ferry slips through. Qué vaina! Almost forgot. I take the microphone attached to the gondola’s front panel and turn the key in the adjacent activation slot. “Welcome to Malicia,” my voice booms through the park’s crackling speakers in my best John Hammond in Jurassic Park. “Prepare to meet your doom.” My eyes flit to my pack and the hidden instruments tucked inside for the ritual I intend to perform. I wonder what they’d say if they knew my other reason for dragging them on this trip was to summon the dead? They’d probably add one more victim to the Malicia Massacre. The gondola slips through the enormous gates, which creak and grind before slamming shut behind us. Excerpted from Malicia , copyright © 2024 by Steven dos Santos. The post Read an Excerpt From Steven dos Santos’ <i>Malicia</i> appeared first on Reactor.

A person went to visit an animal shelter but ended up bringing home two cat sisters in their golden years. AliciaAlicia went to the Exploits Valley SPCA to look at shelter cats but came home with two beautiful new additions to her family.A few weeks ago, two orange and white cats, Mya and Hawkins, were brought to the SPCA, hoping for a chance at a better life. "They are the sweetest senior sisters. At 15 years young, these two fluffy orange gals have ended up in the shelter through no fault of their own," the SPCA shared.The feline sisters were both in good shape and eagerly sought affection from everyone they met. As soon as they spotted a visitor, they sprang up, ready to mingle. "They rush to the front of the cage for pets and love." Mya and HawkinsExploitsValleySPCA"Their golden years should be spent being pampered, spoiled, and cherished. It's sad when any senior animal comes to the shelter."Hoping to find the cats a dream retirement home, shelter staff shared their story on social media. Alicia, who had adopted cats from the SPCA, heard about the "golden girls" from a friend and decided to pay a visit. AliciaShe wanted to spend time with the cats and lavish them with affection. "I didn't technically plan on getting them. Once I heard their story and saw them in person, I fell in love," Alicia shared with Love Meow.When Mya and Hawkins noticed Alicia, they were immediately friendly, trotting up to her and snuggling against her, as if trying to win her over. AliciaAlicia saw how much the cats longed for a family and how deeply they wished to leave the kennel life behind. "I loved them, and they needed a good home (to enjoy their golden years)."She left the shelter that day with the two golden girls, en route to their forever home. They quickly settled into their new homeAlicia"Anyone in the rescue world knows how hard it is to find a home for one senior, let alone two. We are forever thankful for the people who give them retirement homes of their dreams," the SPCA shared.Mya and Hawkins quickly adjusted to their new abode, exploring around the place and claiming every inch they touched. "I think they were just happy to get out of the cages," Alicia added. They claimed every inch they touchedAliciaThey met their new feline housemate, Midnight, and took her under their wing. "They seem to all like each other already."Being in a comfortable home, the two sisters have truly blossomed, and their personalities are shining through. Alicia"Mya is very clingy and affectionate and wants to be in your lap at all times. Hawkins is the same but also likes to take her naps by the window.""They have a very sweet bond, always cuddling and rubbing on each other." AliciaThe sisters adore the big cat tree near the window, where they bask in the warm sunlight and watch the world go by."Mya really likes to flop on her belly and roll around, and Hawkins' favorite thing might be the scratching posts on the cat trees." Alicia"Mya and Hawkins are extremely affectionate, cuddly, and very active for their age. They have so much energy to run, play, explore, and snuggle with their new sister."Alicia visited the shelter on that fateful day and came home with the sweetest pair of golden girls, who are now family for life. AliciaShare this story with your friends. More on the Exploits Valley SPCA on Facebook and their YouTube Channel @BirdieWorld382.Related story: Three Blind Cats Come to a Home Seeking Help, Family Brings Them in and Realizes One of Them is Pregnant

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For over a century, humanity has attempted to search for signals from alien civilizations out there in the universe. Early efforts in the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) focused on listening for messages from within the Solar System, before turning our eyes and ears to the galaxy and universe beyond.So far, these searches have yielded no alien signals. One signal continues to defy explanation, but in all probability has a natural or human cause. But is it unfair to assume that alien civilizations would broadcast, given that we (apart from our stray signals) do not regularly broadcast ourselves?Enter METI, or Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligence. It is not fair to say that humanity has not sent out any messages to the universe, but they have certainly been limited. NASA's Voyager I and Voyager II probes contain the Golden Records, containing sounds and images "selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth". These will likely never be found by aliens. But we have sent other signals, such as the Arecibo Message sent to the globular star cluster M13 roughly 21,000 light-years from Earth. The message was tiny at 210 bytes of data, but contained information including that there were 4 billion humans on Earth at the time, a stick figure of a human being, a representation of a double helix, and a drawing of the Arecibo radio telescope that sent the message.In 2015, the group METI International emerged, with the ultimate goal of sending out messages that will reach alien civilizations. In October 2017, they sent such a message to potentially habitable super-Earth exoplanet GJ273b, just 19 light-years from Earth.Here's where METI gets a little controversial. The Arecibo message also contained a map of the Solar System, and there are (highly speculative) reasons why we might not want to contact aliens at all, let alone include a return address, or contact aliens in our cosmic backyard.One reason why METI is controversial is what has become broadly known as the "Dark Forest Hypothesis" explanation of the Fermi Paradox.        In short, the universe appears to be teeming with potentially habitable planets, and yet we have never detected a signal that has come from an alien civilization. The particularly dark Dark Forest Hypothesis – outlined in Liu Cixin's Remembrance of Earth's Past trilogy – proposes that alien civilizations keep their existences hidden, as you can never know the intentions of other civilizations. They could be hostile or benevolent, and you have no way of knowing which – or what their intentions are. Say you are a friendly civilization, and you discover an alien civilization that unbeknownst to you is also friendly, and roughly on par with yours in terms of development. While you know you are friendly, you do not know if they too are peaceful. What's worse, given the expanse of space and the time it takes to receive light and signals from such civilizations, you cannot know how their society will progress in the intervening time between when the signal from that civilization reached yours. In the interim, they could have progressed incredible amounts technologically, meaning that even if the planet you are viewing looked peaceful and not far in advance of your own, by the time the light reaches you that all could have changed. There is also the added pressure of resources. You also know from your own planet (according to the books) that life spreads and uses as many resources as are available to it, but the resources in the universe are finite. Say that you conclude that they are peaceful, you are still left with the challenge that you don't know that they know that you are peaceful. If they think, or even suspect, that you are malicious, it would make sense that they would attempt to destroy you before you could do the same to them. You could communicate with them – like here on Earth – to further reassure them of your intentions. But in space terms, your new message could take hundreds or thousands of years to arrive, and in the meantime they could have launched an attack to destroy you. With such a chain of suspicion, Liu concludes, the only logical step for a civilization that values survival is to stay quiet in the forest, and destroy those civilizations that cry out, before they do the same to you. Though popularized by fiction, hostile aliens are an idea taken seriously by scientists. In 2015, while launching a project to listen out for alien civilizations, Stephen Hawking explained why it's probably best not to say hello back."We don't know much about aliens, but we know about humans," Hawking said at the event, per Space.com. "If you look at history, contact between humans and less intelligent organisms have often been disastrous from their point of view, and encounters between civilizations with advanced versus primitive technologies have gone badly for the less advanced. A civilization reading one of our messages could be billions of years ahead of us. If so, they will be vastly more powerful, and may not see us as any more valuable than we see bacteria."The Dark Forest hypothesis is so very far from confirmed, but hostile aliens are still something to bear in mind when deciding whether or not to contact other species, and who should hold that decision. American author and scientist David Brin, for example, questioned "whether small groups of zealots should bypass all institutions, peer critique, risk appraisal or public opinion, to shout 'yoohoo' into a potentially hazardous cosmos."In a way, the existence of METI could be used to argue against the Dark Forest Hypothesis. Say there are highly advanced civilizations out there. It's a reasonable assumption to say that some portion of the populations of these advanced civilizations could have access to advanced broadcast technology. Another reasonable assumption is that if they had become that advanced, they would have achieved this civilization using science rather than magic. Unless for some reason the civilizations are just not interested in life outside their planet, they'd likely compile information on other star systems just as we do. So assuming that access to this information and broadcast technology isn't limited civilization-wide somehow, surely there would be a certain foolhardy proportion of the population who would attempt to contact other civilizations. While obviously speculating wildly, you could imagine scenarios where an especially risk-taking alien METI could attempt to warn other younger civilizations about the Dark Forest nature of the universe. We haven't heard from these actors either, which you could say implies there is a different explanation for the great silence than the Dark Forest Hypothesis.Or perhaps the METI problem only happens in young civilizations who broadcast intermittently, before we have learned the dark forest nature of the universe, and do everything we can to stay quiet.

A new study has warned of risks posed by unregulated geoengineering techniques designed to lower high temperatures in specific areas. These efforts may only provide temporary benefits for some populations while introducing negative impacts for other parts of the world.In order to meet the goals set by the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, countries around the world will need to embrace various approaches. This will likely include a mixture of greenhouse gas emissions reduction techniques, and carbon dioxide removal, as well as what is called solar geoengineering.This latter approach involves deliberately cooling the planet by reflecting more sunlight back into space. For instance, a technique known as marine cloud brightening increases reflectivity of certain clouds so that they can bounce sunlight back into space. The hope among its advocates is that this will help offset some impacts of climate change.One way to achieve this is by seeding naturally occurring sea salt into clouds, which is also amenable to regional applications since it can be deployed in the lower troposphere over a localized area. And this is where the challenge comes in.According to a new study, targeted interventions in one place may have unforeseen consequences for other parts of the world. This situation is made worse because there are currently few, if any, regulations to oversee and scrutinize regional applications of specific techniques.As climate change becomes more disruptive, it is possible more countries will seek local options – like marine cloud brightening – to help their own populations, especially as global schemes are often fraught with challenges. But because there are few relevant regulations, it is possible cities, companies, or even wealthy individuals could try to modify their local climates.The rise in heatwaves across the world has led some research institutions and private companies to investigate geoengineering options. For instance, over the last four years, Australia has been trialing marine cloud brightening techniques that may help cool the Great Barrier Reef, thereby slowing coral bleaching.  According to the new study, the effect of cloud brightening techniques may well diminish or even reverse as climate conditions continue to shift due to human causes, such as the continued use of fossil fuels.As the authors say, “the effects of regional schemes – which have been little researched so far – may prove much more difficult to predict than global ones because concentrated, rather than diffuse, forcings are more likely to trigger nonlinear climate responses.”The team used Earth system computer models of the climate in 2010 and 2050 and compared simulations of two cloud brightening initiatives. The initiatives, which were carried out to reduce the impacts of severe heat, took place in different regions of the northeastern Pacific Ocean, one near California and one near Alaska.The simulation for 2010 indicated that cloud brightening near Alaska, a mid-latitude area, would lower the risk of dangerous summer heat exposure by 55 percent, while the scheme near California, a subtropical area, would result in a more modest 16 percent reduction.However, the simulations for 2050, which take into account the turbulent conditions introduced by ongoing climate change, produced far more worrying results. Because there were fewer clouds, as well as a higher base temperature and the gradual slowing of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the initiative in Alaska did not have the same impact as it did in the 2010 simulation, while the initiative for California actually raised temperatures, achieving the opposite result.At the same time, the mid-century simulations showed that local attempts to cool the climate increased temperatures and stresses across the world, especially in Europe. This was because of the slowing of the AMOC.In effect, cloud brightening may have some local benefits now, but as time goes on the impacts will become less predictable and much more damaging for other places.“Unintended side effects of [solar engineering] remain one of the strongest concerns about any future deployment, regional or otherwise,” the researchers explain.“An examination of the complex mechanisms that make this remote intervention effective at regional cooling under present-day conditions, but ineffective under warmer mid-century conditions, illustrates the challenges scientists and decision makers will face if climate risk management proposals such as [marine cloud brightening] remain largely ungoverned, as they are today.”The current research may underestimate the extent to which future cloud brightening interventions could cause unexpected responses as the background climate state continues to change. What may appear promising at a regional level could well result in drastic issues elsewhere if they cannot be regulated or managed properly.The study is published in Nature Climate Change.

The heatwave currently gripping parts of the US is only the latest in a chain of sweltering temperatures that have hit regions across the globe, and with this trend, the realities of heat-related illness are becoming all too real.Not only is the extreme heat causing problems in the animal world, but it’s affecting humans too; recent heatwaves have caused deaths across Europe, India, and Saudi Arabia.One way the human body tries to cope with the heat is by sweating – but what happens when that isn’t enough?Heat exhaustion“People often talk about heat exhaustion and heat stroke as though they are separate things. But they exist on a spectrum from not-so-serious to a significant and life-threatening emergency,” Dr Thomas Waters, an emergency medicine physician, explained in a Cleveland Clinic Health Essentials post.Heat exhaustion sits somewhere in the middle – though it can progress to the more dangerous heatstroke if left untreated.The main initial sign of heat exhaustion is excessive sweating, a last-ditch attempt to cool the body down through the evaporation of sweat from the skin. This is triggered by the hypothalamus, a small region in the brain that regulates body temperature. Using the nervous system, it sends signals to the sweat glands, which respond by amping up sweat production.But in heat exhaustion, this isn’t enough to keep the body cool, and its core temperature can reach between 38.3 to 40°C (101 to 104°F). At this stage of sweating, it also becomes difficult to replace all of the fluids and electrolytes lost, which can lead to dehydration and some of the other symptoms of the illness.For example, the body needs minerals such as sodium and potassium for sending nerve signals, proper muscle function, and maintaining the balance of fluid and blood volume. If those important electrolytes aren’t replaced, that can lead to an increased heart rate to try and make up for lower blood volume, muscle cramps, dizziness, and weakness.Nausea and vomiting can also by symptoms of heat exhaustion as, like sweating, it’s a way of getting rid of something in the body that holds on to heat. “Not only are these signs of heat exhaustion, but they can also make it difficult to recover from heat exhaustion when you are trying to rehydrate,” said Isabel Valdez, physician assistant and assistant professor of general internal medicine in a Baylor College of Medicine press release.HeatstrokeIf heat exhaustion is left untreated, or the body is unable to cool down within 30 minutes, then it can progress to a potentially life-threatening condition called heatstroke. At this point, the body is no longer able to control its temperature, which can rapidly rise above 40°C (104°F) – though contrary to popular belief, people don’t always stop sweating at this point.“Clinically, heatstroke is characterized by central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, multiorgan failure, and extreme hyperthermia (usually >40.5°C [105°F]),” write the authors of a review on the condition. In terms of the CNS – aka the brain and spinal cord – that can manifest itself in noticeable signs like confusion, slurred speech, loss of consciousness, or seizures. That’s because the brain is extremely sensitive to overheating, with the excessive temperatures causing damage to its cells, which can cause them to become dysfunctional or die. This can be fatal, or leave survivors with permanent, disabling damage.Problems with the CNS can lead to issues with other organs in heatstroke, but another big contributor to the multiorgan failure seen is a massive stress response from the immune system. Quite how the process works is unclear, but the reaction from the immune system to overheating is a body-wide inflammatory response. Under other circumstances, a healthy level of inflammation is good for fighting off infection or helping injuries to heal; but in this case, the response is excessive to the point it can cause serious damage, with consequences like kidney, liver, or heart dysfunction or even failure.Treating heat-related illnessWith heat exhaustion, it’s important to get out of the heat as soon as possible, then take off any unnecessary clothing, rehydrate (both cool water and sports drinks can be good for this), and cool the skin using things such as cold packs, sprayed or sponged water, and fans. This can be done wherever the person with symptoms happens to be.However, heatstroke is classed as a medical emergency and as such, emergency services should be called.“It can become deadly very quickly. Heat stroke isn’t something you can just push through, no matter how strong you are,” said Dr Waters. “The most important thing you can do is pay attention to the warning signs and listen to your body.”All “explainer” articles are confirmed by fact checkers to be correct at time of publishing. Text, images, and links may be edited, removed, or added to at a later date to keep information current.  The content of this article is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of qualified health providers with questions you may have regarding medical conditions.