Public DomainHerbert Mullin was a diagnosed schizophrenic who claimed that his victims were “human sacrifices.” In 1972, Herbert Mullin believed that there would soon be a massive earthquake near his home in northern California. A diagnosed schizophrenic who’d heard voices in his head warning him about the disaster, Mullin thought that he could stop the earthquake from happening if he murdered people — and that’s exactly what he did. In late 1972 and early 1973, Herbert Mullin brutally killed 13 people, sent the Santa Cruz area into a state of panic, and solidified his horrific and bizarre legacy as the “Earthquake Killer.” Herbert Mullin’s Life Before The Murders MurderpediaHerbert Mullin kept his true nature hidden for much of his early life. Born on April 18, 1947, in Salinas, California, Herbert Mullin started out leading a seemingly normal life with a caring family. By the time he graduated high school, he was named “most likely to succeed.” But just after high school, things took a turn for the worse. His best friend was killed in a car accident, a tragic event that some experts believe may have triggered the onset of schizophrenia for Mullin. Then, at age 19, Mullin tried cannabis and LSD for the first time, soon becoming a regular user. His drug use reportedly worsened the symptoms of his mental illness, and by the time he was 21, his family began to notice the signs of schizophrenia. Although he voluntarily entered a local hospital for treatment, he left after six weeks and was given a “poor” prognosis. Mullin entered several hospitals and programs in the following years, both voluntarily and involuntarily, but he didn’t stick to his recommended medication and group therapy sessions. His prognosis went from “poor” to “grave.” It was around that same time that Mullin began telling his coworkers that he was hearing voices. By the age of 23, he had been diagnosed as a schizophrenic by three different doctors. A Growing Obsession With Deadly Earthquakes Wikimedia CommonsThe aftermath of the horrific San Francisco Earthquake of 1906. Herbert Mullin’s birthday was the anniversary of the devastating San Francisco Earthquake of 1906. And as his schizophrenia worsened, he became increasingly obsessed with his birthday. In 1972, a mathematician predicted that on Jan. 4, 1973, the San Andreas Fault would once again unleash a destructive earthquake on northern California. The voices in Mullin’s head, already connecting his birthday with earthquakes, told him that human sacrifice was the key to preventing another terrible disaster from unfolding. Mullin later said, “We human beings, through the history of the world, have protected our continents from cataclysmic earthquakes by murder. In other words, a minor natural disaster avoids a major natural disaster.” Herbert Mullin’s Murder Spree Begins California Department of CorrectionsHerbert Mullin’s mugshot from around 1973. With human sacrifice on his mind, Herbert Mullin started his killing spree by murdering a transient man named Lawrence White on Oct. 13, 1972. He beat White to death with a bat after seeing the man attempting to hitchhike on the side of a road. Mullin later claimed that he believed White to be Jonah from the Bible, and said that “Jonah” had telepathically asked Mullin to kill him so that other people would be saved. Mullin’s second victim was Mary Guilfoyle, a college student who had been hitchhiking on October 24th. Mullin stabbed and dismembered her, then scattered her remains along the side of a road. Disturbingly, he later said that he had hoped to find evidence that her blood was somehow “polluted.” The third murder occurred on November 2nd, when Mullin went to a Catholic church to confess his sins to Father Henri Tomei. Mullin then beat and stabbed the priest to death, purportedly believing that he had also “volunteered” as a human sacrifice. After the fatal attack, Mullin fled, and Tomei bled to death right there in the confessional. Then, on Jan. 25, 1973, Mullin killed five people all in one day. No earthquake had come, and he was only more sure that his killings were what was keeping the disaster at bay. During that especially violent day in January, he murdered an old friend and his wife, then a woman and her two children in the house that his friend had once lived in. With his body count now at eight, he went to a campsite and killed a group of four teenagers at once on February 6th. Mullin later said that he believed he had communicated telepathically with the victims and that they had given him permission to murder them. Mullin didn’t limit himself to a specific kind of murder. Some people he beat to death, others he stabbed with a knife, or shot with a gun. The times between his murders could also vary greatly. Sometimes, he’d kill multiple people per month or even per day, and other times, he’d go on a “hiatus.” Chillingly, he also didn’t seek out a specific type of victim. Mullin slaughtered men, women, and children, and his victims ranged in age from four to 72 years old. Herbert Mullin Gets His Day In Court Bettmann/Contributor/Getty ImagesHerbert Mullin at a courthouse in April 1973. Herbert Mullin was finally caught following his 13th and final murder, on February 13th. After Mullin shot and killed a man in his front yard in broad daylight, the victim’s neighbor noted Mullin’s license plate number and quickly called the police. When caught, Mullin didn’t resist arrest. Prosecutors in Santa Cruz were able to try Mullin for 10 of the 13 murders that he’d committed. Mullin tried to represent himself in court, but the judge decided that he was not mentally competent enough for that, and so he was assigned a public defender. Although Mullin attempted to fire the public defender, the judge refused to allow it. During the trial, Mullin talked about the voices he had been hearing, the ones that had been telling him to kill. He referred to the messages as “die songs.” Despite this, prosecutors produced evidence implying premeditation in some of the crimes, suggesting that Mullin was legally sane. He was convicted of 10 murders in Santa Cruz, and he was also convicted of an additional murder in Santa Clara County, which he was tried separately for. Mullin was sentenced to multiple life sentences for his crimes. He later tried to qualify for release on parole, but he was denied again and again. California Department of Corrections and RehabilitationHerbert Mullin in 2022, pictured shortly before his death from natural causes. At one point, another serial killer named Edmund Kemper was held in a neighboring cell next to Mullin’s cell. Kemper had killed eight women, also in the Santa Cruz area, during the early 1970s. Their overlap in serial killing sprees led Santa Cruz to be dubbed “Murdersville, U.S.A.” by District Attorney Peter Chang. The two murderers had something of a strange relationship, where Kemper sometimes fed Mullin peanuts when he was happy with him, and other times threw water on him when he was angry with him. Once Kemper was moved to a different facility, there’s no indication the two stayed in touch. But reportedly, Kemper thought it was “best for society to just kill Mullin.” Instead, Mullin spent the rest of his life in prison. He died at the age of 75 on August 18, 2022. At that time, he was serving out his life sentences in the California Health Care Facility, a place specifically designed for incarcerated people in need of long-term mental health treatment. After this look at Herbert Mullin, read up on Nikko Jenkins, the murderer who killed his victims in order to please an ancient Egyptian serpent god. Then, discover the stories of the worst serial killers in history. The post The Crimes Of Herbert Mullin, The Serial Killer Who Claimed That His Murders Could Stop Earthquakes appeared first on All That's Interesting.

Wikimedia CommonsA younger Klaus Barbie. The Nazis were infamous for their cruelty and cold efficiency, and Gestapo operative Klaus Barbie was no exception. Known as the “Butcher of Lyon” for his reign of terror in Nazi-occupied Lyon, France, Barbie not only sent Jews to concentration camps but also brutally tortured French Jews and Resistance fighters. Yet despite this, Barbie managed to escape conviction at the Nuremberg Trials as World War II ended. Instead, the U.S. and West German intelligence services recruited him as a spy. Barbie was consequently placed within the South American state of Bolivia under a new identity where he would go on to help right-wing paramilitary groups there overthrow their government, sell cocaine paste to narco-terrorists one of which may have been the King of Cocaine himself, Pablo Escobar, and, as it has been alleged, aid the CIA in tracking down and killing Ernesto “Che” Guevara, the infamous Argentine Marxist revolutionary. Barbie’s past would eventually catch up with him. In the end, it would be a pair of fearless French “Nazi hunters” who brought the escaped war criminal to justice. Klaus Barbie, The Butcher Of Lyon Wikimedia CommonsKlaus Barbie sent thousands of Jews to concentration camps like Auschwitz, pictured here. In 1942, 29-year-old Klaus Barbie received orders to become the newly-appointed head of the ruthless Gestapo, the Nazi secret police, in Lyon, France. There, Klaus was expected to eradicate the French Resistance. Klaus had a personal history with France, with his family having hailed from Merzig in the Saar region of Germany near the French border. He joined the Nazi party as a member of its security service on Sept. 26, 1935. He proved himself an exacting and merciless killer. The French Resistance mounted surprise attacks on German soldiers in occupied France. Skilled in guerilla tactics, they used explosives and sabotaged trains and bridges. Barbie brought a sense of calculated cruelty to deal with this threat. His torture rooms had tables with restraints, ovens, and implements for electrocution. He personally involved himself in the tortures using not only his fists but also whips and truncheons. “He always came with his thin smile like a knife blade. Then he smashed my face,” recalled Simone Lagrange, who was 13 at the time. Victims were bitten by dogs and often had their arms and legs broken. This brutality earned him the notorious epithet the “Butcher of Lyon.” Under Barbie’s command, numerous Resistance members were captured, tortured, and killed. His most famous victim was Jean Moulin, the head of the French Resistance. Despite having his fingernails ripped out, being injected with needles, and having his fingers broken in the hinge of a door, Moulin never revealed any information to Barbie. He died from repeated beatings and torture on July 8, 1943. But that wasn’t the worst of it. Barbie’s most vile act was having 44 Jewish schoolchildren rounded up and sent to Auschwitz. All of these children would go on to perish in Nazi gas chambers. A New Assignment In The Cold War Wikimedia CommonsKlaus Barbie in 1951. But Klaus Barbie managed to escape justice when Germany lost World War II. “The four youngsters I was with and myself changed our clothes, got some false papers from the police headquarters and headed off through the forests and pastures towards the Sauerland. It was very hard. From one day to the next, I’d become a beggar,” Barbie recalled, but his luck would change with the arrival of the Cold War. Although the Nuremberg Trials were intended to mete out appropriate justice to the Nazis, the United States — among other nations — saw Nazi operatives as potential assets against their new enemy: communism. In 1947, the U.S. prepared a dossier on Barbie’s character. He was given flying colors when Robert S. Taylor, an officer with the U.S. Army Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) said he was “an honest man, both intellectually and personally, absolutely without fear. He is strongly anti-communist and a Nazi idealist who believes that he and his beliefs were betrayed by the Nazis in power.” From then on, the U.S. recruited Barbie as an agent against communism. But the French wanted Barbie and in 1949 and 1950, they formally requested that the U.S. arrest and extradite him back to France to face justice for his brutal crimes. The U.S. government responded that they had no knowledge of his location though this was mainly to avoid the embarrassing truth of Barbie’s involvement with them. American intelligence saw great value in Klaus Barbie’s expertise. Indeed, they feared the spread of communism in South America so much they were willing to protect and work with a former Nazi. So the CIC helped Barbie and his family to escape Europe via a “ratline” through the coastal Italian city of Genoa. From there, the Barbies would travel to Argentina and then Bolivia for a new life. Klaus Barbie Spies In Bolivia Wikimedia CommonsGeneral Rogelio Miranda, one of the dictators who ruled Bolivia from 1964-1982. In Bolivia, Barbie would capitalize on his brutal experience in the Gestapo by becoming involved in espionage, arms-dealing, and other covert operations on behalf of the United States and he maintained a connection with the newly-formed Central Intelligence Agency or CIA. To the CIA, Barbie was an asset they could use to provide support for right-wing governments and groups in South America. For Barbie himself, the fascist environment of ruling oligarchies and poverty-stricken masses was a pleasant reminder of his work in Nazi Germany. Soon enough, the brutal ex-Nazi operative began to thrive in his new role. Meanwhile, the French government sentenced Barbie to death in absentia. By this point, though, Barbie was well-distanced from his old identity having obtained Bolivian citizenship under the name Klaus Altmann in 1957. During his time in Bolivia, Barbie was involved in a string of CIA-sponsored military coups. According to author James Cockcroft, Barbie was even a Lieutenant Colonel of the Bolivian Army under a succession of Bolivian dictators from 1964 to 1982. Allegedly, he helped to establish new concentration camps for opponents of the Bolivian military where he resurrected his old torture techniques. He also helped form “The Fiancés of Death,” also known as Bolivia’s infamous death squads. According to undercover DEA agent Michael Levine, these “masked thieves were not Bolivian.” They were from Germany, Italy, and France, and many wore Nazi swastikas on their uniforms. Indeed, it seemed like Barbie was establishing a new Nazi regime in Bolivia with the help of the United States. Catching Che Guevara And Arms Dealing Wikimedia CommonsA famous photograph of Che Guevara. Recently, it has even been proposed that Barbie had helped the CIA eliminate Che Guevara — one of the most famous Marxist revolutionaries. The spy agency had been after Guevara ever since he helped Fidel Castro take power in Cuba but their operations reached a dead-end when it was thought that he had been murdered and buried in an unmarked grave in the Dominican Republic. In April 1967, the CIA was surprised to learn that the Bolivian government had tracked down Guevara in the Bolivian mountains. According to one theory, Barbie’s knowledge of guerrilla tactics from his days fighting the French partisans in Lyon may have been a critical asset in capturing him. Wikimedia CommonsBarbie’s is believed to have played a major role in the success of Pablo Escobar’s Medellin cartel. Far from only being a ruthless operative, Barbie was also a businessman. With CIA support, he ran a successful arms and cocaine-smuggling business with Friedrich Schwend, another ex-Nazi who had been Hitler’s master counterfeiter. The conditions were now perfect for Barbie to partner with South American drug cartels. Allegedly, one of Barbie’s clients was Pablo Escobar’s infamous Medellin cartel who he likely supplied with weapons. But his closest ally was billionaire drug trafficker Roberto Suarez Gomez. Barbie helped Gomez to install General Luis Garcia Meza Tejada as the puppet leader of Bolivia in 1980. Never before had an entire government been funded and controlled with cocaine money. It set a dangerous new precedent that Barbie played a key role in. Extradition And Death However, in 1982 Tejada’s military dictatorship collapsed. By this point, Klaus Barbie was vulnerable as he had already been tracked down in the 1970s by German journalist Beate Auguste Klarsfeld. Beate and her husband Serge acted as “Nazi hunters” or individuals who tracked down former Nazi operatives to bring them to justice. France had in fact been calling for Bolivia to extradite Barbie since 1973. But only now, with a liberal democratic government in power, was Barbie no longer protected. He was extradited back to France in 1983 and sentenced to life in prison for crimes against humanity. Finally, in September 1991, at the old age of 77, the “Butcher of Lyon” died of cancer. Next, learn more about the Nuremberg Trials, where the world tried to bring the Nazis to justice. Then, take a look at the brutal photos of the forgotten Nazi genocide in Poland. The post Torturer, Arms Trafficker, CIA Spy: The Story Of Nazi War Criminal Klaus Barbie appeared first on All That's Interesting.

UK National Trust Archaeologists who are helping restore a historic country home in Kent, England have discovered a 17th-century shopping list hidden under its floorboards. Written in 1633, the note was uncovered during a multimillion dollar renovation of the famed Knole House. Constructed in the late 15th century and surrounded by 1,000 acres of forest, it is one of England’s largest houses. Written by one Robert Draper to a Mr. Bilby, the shopping list includes pewter spoons, a frying pan, and “greenfish,” which is now known as unsalted cod. It also asks Mr. Bilby to send a “fireshovel” and “lights” to Copt Hall, which is 36 miles away on the other side of London. According to the UK’s National Trust, Draper must have been a high-ranking servant because the list was “beautifully written.” UK National TrustThe archaeology team working hard at Knole House. The renovators found two other similarly aged notes near to where they found the shopping list. One was similarly hidden away under the attic floorboards, while the team found another shoved into a ceiling cavity. “It’s extremely rare to uncover letters dating back to the 17th century, let alone those that give us an insight into the management of the households of the wealthy, and the movement of items from one place to another,” Nathalie Cohen, the regional archaeologist for the National Trust, told Kent Live. The Knole letters’ good condition “makes this a particularly exciting discovery,” she added. The full text of the shopping list reads: “Mr Bilby, I pray p[ro]vide to be sent too morrow in ye Cart some Greenfish, The Lights from my Lady Cranfeild[es] Cham[ber] 2 dozen of Pewter spoon[es]: one greate fireshovell for ye nursery; and ye o[t]hers which were sent to be exchanged for some of a better fashion, a new frying pan together with a note of ye prises of such Commoditie for ye rest. Your loving friend Robert Draper Octobre 1633 Copthall” Next, check out the new discoveries that have shed light on the lost kingdom of the Dark Ages. The post A Nearly 400-Year-Old Shopping List Was Discovered Under The Floorboards Of A Historic English Home appeared first on All That's Interesting.

AA PhotoArchaeologists have found dozens of olive oil workshops across the city of Syedra, which is roughly 3,000 years old. In many ways, olive oil was the lifeblood of the ancient Mediterranean. Called “liquid gold,” it was used for everything from cosmetics to medicine to religious rituals. And archaeologists have just uncovered one of the major centers where olive oil was once produced during antiquity. In the ancient city of Syedra, located in present-day Turkey, archaeologists have found evidence of a sprawling olive oil operation. Curiously, while most olive oil at the time was produced outside of urban centers, Syedra’s olive oil was seemingly produced within the city walls, making this site not only pivotal, but unique. The Production Of Olive Oil In Syedra During Antiquity According to The Anadolu Agency, excavations led by Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University discovered a wealth of olive oil workshops across the 3,000-year-old port city of Syedra during excavations that began in 2019. AA PhotoA restored olive oil workshop in Syedra. “Through excavations, we have uncovered nearly 20 olive oil workshops,” said excavation director Professor Ertug Ergurer. “Beyond that, we have identified over 100 such workshops across the entire ancient city. This indicates very intensive olive oil production here.” Indeed, archaeologists excavating Syedra found evidence of olive oil production almost everywhere they looked. Nearly every structure in the ancient city seemed to contain some kind of workshop, and many held “pithoi,” large vessels for storing olive oil. This indicates that Syedra was once an important industrial hub, and it also suggests that the city played a unique role in antiquity. Most olive oil production in the ancient world, Ergurer noted, took place in more rural areas outside of urban centers. “The presence of olive oil workshops within the city was intriguing for us,” he said. “Typically, production occurs outside the city, beyond the walls. Here, however, they are under nearly every building, which is noteworthy. This shows that olive oil production was carried out on a massive scale.” This production allowed Syedra to play a significant role in the ancient Mediterranean. How Olive Oil Made Syedra A Commercial Powerhouse In The Ancient Mediterranean matzi01/Wikimedia CommonsThe ancient ruins of Syedra, perched along the coastal hills of southern Turkey’s Antalya province. Settled in the 7th century B.C.E., Syedra served as an important port in the Mediterranean during antiquity. It likely reached its heyday during the Roman period, between the 2nd and 4th centuries C.E., when its population was between 4,000 and 5,000 people. Indeed, archaeologists have found evidence that Syedra was once a thriving metropolis. Its citizens once enjoyed Roman amenities like a stadium, baths, a theater, water infrastructure systems, and colonnaded streets. The surplus of olive oil workshops under the city’s structures suggests that the olive oil industry was an important part of Syedra’s commerce and culture. Public DomainA 19th-century depiction of olive oil production during antiquity. What’s more, Ergurer suspects that most of the olive oil produced in Syedra was exported elsewhere. After all, olive oil played an important role in the ancient world. Olive oil cultivation in the Eastern Mediterranean began around 6000 B.C.E., and swiftly spread across the ancient world. Hippocrates called olive oil “the great healer” and Homer famously referred to it as “liquid gold.” Olive oil was used for cooking, perfume, cosmetics, medicine, and soap, as well as for anointing both athletes and the dead. And Syedra was seemingly one of the many important production centers for olive oil throughout antiquity. Tucked between almost every structure in the ancient city is evidence of olive oil production, suggesting that the “liquid gold” of the ancient world was the city’s lifeblood. Produced in massive quantities, it seemingly brought comfortable prosperity to Syedra for centuries before it was finally abandoned in the 13th century. Until that point, however, olive oil produced in Syedra was likely sent out to the many corners of the ancient Mediterranean, making its way from the shores of the city to far-off lands in North Africa, the Levant, and beyond. After reading about the sprawling olive oil operation that was unearthed in the ancient port city of Syedra, discover the astounding story behind the production of Tyrian purple, the vibrant dye coveted by elites throughout antiquity. Then, learn about the incredible lost stories of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The post An Ancient Hub Of Olive Oil Production Was Just Uncovered In A Lost City On The Southern Coast Of Turkey appeared first on All That's Interesting.

Sebastian Kennerknecht/PantheraA rare photograph of the elusive flat-headed cat. For the first time in 30 years, researchers have spotted elusive flat-headed cats in Thailand. They were seen on camera in a wildlife sanctuary near the country’s southern border, renewing the hopes of conservationists. The species, so rarely observed that it was classified as endangered in 2008, had long been considered “possibly extinct” in Thailand. Then, from 2024 to 2025, scientists carried out the largest-ever survey of the wild felines. The results shocked them. Rare Photographs Of A ‘Possibly Extinct’ Cat Species According to a press release from Panthera Thailand, an organization that focuses on the conservation of wild cats, researchers captured the photographs in cooperation with Thailand’s Department of National Parks, Wildlife, and Plant Conservation (DNP) during an ecological survey that launched in 2024. Remote camera traps placed around protected wetlands in the country captured 13 photos of the cats in 2024 and an additional 16 images in 2025. Notably, researchers spotted a female flat-headed cat with her baby — an especially rare sighting, given that litters typically only produce a single cub. This is one of the reasons why the species struggles to grow. Still, the observation of a mother with her cub does provide evidence of ongoing reproduction, a positive sign for the species’ future. It also explains, in part, why flat-headed cats have proven so difficult to observe. Sabah Forestry Department/Sabah Wildlife Department/PantheraOnly around 2,500 adult flat-headed cats are estimated to exist today. With only an estimated 2,500 adults remaining globally, catching a glimpse of these small felines is not a common occurrence. With their webbed toes, they prefer habitats like tropical rainforests, swampy regions, marshes, lakes, and forests located along rivers, all of which are somewhat inaccessible for researchers but provide the cats with their preferred diet of fish, frogs, and shrimp. Flat-headed cats are named for their flattened foreheads and elongated skulls. They are roughly the size of domestic house cats but only half the weight, making them the smallest wild cats in Southeast Asia. Their lack of any distinctive markings makes it difficult to say just how many individuals were recorded during the survey, but their presence alone could be a boon for researchers looking to protect the natural habitats of Thailand. “Rediscovery of the flat-headed cat in southern Thailand is a significant win for conservation in Thailand and the broader Southeast Asia region where the species is still found,” said Athapol Charoenshunsa, the director general of the DNP. Charoenshunsa continued, “Uncovering the existence of a species once thought lost in the region highlights the dedication and effectiveness of DNP officials in protecting border forests and preserving rare wildlife populations despite challenging political and social circumstances that make conservation work difficult.” Indeed, researchers hope this survey is only the beginning of their conservation efforts. Flat-Headed Cats Bolster Conservation Efforts In Thailand DNP/Panthera ThailandFlat-headed cats have not been scientifically observed in Thailand since 1995. Some of the greatest threats to flat-headed cats are the direct result of human actions: fishing, agricultural encroachment, hunting, water pollution, and the spread of disease from domestic animals. And as habitats continue to shrink, competition increases, making it even harder for these tiny felines to survive. As a result, they have largely moved to remote and undisturbed locations. Researchers emphasized just how crucial it is, then, to protect these environments. “Even species thought to be lost can be rebuilt if we invest in protecting the habitats they depend on,” said Panthera’s Science Director, Wai Ming Wong. “Flat-headed cats’ persistence in Thailand suggests that these ecosystems still hold remarkable biodiversity but also underscores how urgently we must conserve and restore them before they vanish entirely.” DNP/Panthera ThailandThe smallest wild cats in Southeast Asia, flat-headed cats weigh half as much as the average house cat. Panthera and the DNP stated that they will continue to work together to research the species, its habitat, and the most effective pathways for conservation. Future steps include more training for park rangers, prioritizing field gear and trap cameras, and working with local communities to identify threats to local environments. “This is a landmark moment for Thailand and a powerful reflection of our long-standing commitment to conservation,” Charoenshunsa said. “The flat-headed cat’s resurgence is a well-timed reminder that when we safeguard our natural heritage, we safeguard our nation’s wild habitats and future.” After reading about the rediscovery of Thailand’s flat-headed cats, learn about the misunderstood fisher cats of North America. Or, check out seven places around the world that have become overrun with cats. The post Scientists Have Captured Photographs Of A Tiny Cat Species Previously Thought To Be Extinct In Thailand appeared first on All That's Interesting.

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