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					Should women rethink cold plunges? What science says about gender, stress, and ice baths
					BY THE OPTIMIST DAILY EDITORIAL TEAM
Cold plunges have become a staple in many wellness routines. From viral TikToks to health retreats, everyone seems to be diving into icy tubs for muscle recovery, mental clarity, and stress relief. But a growing number of experts are urging women to approach the trend with a bit more caution.
Recently, acupuncturist Katie Pedrick went viral for her Instagram video proclaiming, “Cold plunges are not great for women.” Her reasoning? A study she cited found no major benefits for women as well as a few surprising drawbacks, including elevated cortisol levels. “Our bodies are not the same,” Pedrick emphasized, “and wellness advice needs to reflect that.”
So, is this a case of misapplied data, or a genuinely important difference that’s been overlooked? Here’s what the latest science, women’s health experts, and sports medicine doctors say.
What happens in a woman’s body during a cold plunge
The initial shock of a cold plunge is real. Submerging yourself in water at or below 59°F triggers a stress response in anyone, no matter the gender. Your heart rate spikes, blood vessels constrict, and adrenaline floods your system.
“You might start to breathe faster or gasp suddenly,” explains Ron Clijsen, PhD, head of research at the Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Laboratory (RESlab). “This triggers your body’s stress response, releasing chemicals that cause your heart to beat faster and your blood pressure to rise.”
Vanessa Wellauer, co-author on the study Pedrick referenced, adds that this vasoconstriction helps your body preserve core temperature but it’s also what makes the experience feel so intense.
Then, thermogenesis kicks in. “The body starts to produce its own heat by shivering and activating brown fat tissue,” says Michael Swartzon, MD, a sports medicine physician at Baptist Health Orthopedic Care.
And yes, stress hormones spike. Cortisol and catecholamines go up temporarily, activating your immune system and energy reserves.
So, what’s different for women?
The physiological response to cold plunges is similar in men and women, but there are some key differences.
“Women have more body fat, which acts as insulation, but they also tend to have a more intense sensitivity to cold,” says Sherry Ross, MD, a women’s health expert. “This means they might feel discomfort sooner and more sharply than men.”
Hormonal shifts also play a role. After ovulation, women’s baseline core body temperature rises. “This may affect cold tolerance and shivering threshold,” Dr. Clijsen says.
Dr. Stacy Sims, an exercise physiologist, points out that extremely cold plunges may provoke a stronger stress response in women. So much so that it may send the body into a protective “shutdown” mode. She suggests 55°F as a more comfortable temperature for most women.
The study behind the buzz
Let’s be clear: the study that sparked this viral moment didn’t claim that cold plunges are harmful to women. What it found was that cold water immersion didn’t offer the same recovery benefits for women as seen in men.
“The absence of objective benefits does not imply that cold water immersion is harmful,” Dr. Clijsen emphasizes. “That’s a very different question—one our study wasn’t designed to answer.”
So why the alarm bells? Likely because many wellness trends are based on studies that primarily include men. When women are finally studied, the results often challenge one-size-fits-all assumptions.
When cold plunges might not be a great idea
While cold plunges aren’t necessarily “bad” for women, there are situations when they should be avoided:
If you have heart disease, poor circulation, or are pregnant
If you’re extremely sensitive to cold or prone to anxiety
If the plunge leaves you feeling stressed, rather than energized
“Short-term cortisol spikes aren’t harmful in a healthy person,” Dr. Swartzon says, “but if you’re already under a lot of stress, it may not feel good.”
Dr. Ross adds that the risks like elevated heart rate or hypothermia could outweigh benefits like muscle recovery or mood boosts for some women.
So, should women stop cold plunging? Not necessarily.
Like most wellness practices, it depends on your body. If cold plunges leave you feeling refreshed, and you’re otherwise healthy, there’s no strong reason to stop.
“If you enjoy them, ease in gradually,” Dr. Swartzon advises. “Start with shorter durations or higher temperatures and work your way down.”
You may want to time your plunges around your menstrual cycle, avoid extremes during high-stress weeks, and track how your body responds over time. As always, check in with your physician if you have underlying health concerns.
Bottom line 
Cold plunges aren’t inherently harmful for women, but they’re not a cure-all either. Tune into your body, stay informed, and don’t be afraid to warm up your approach if the cold just isn’t working for you.
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