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From plunging gorges to sweeping vistas and ancient forests‚ one thing’s certain: the U.S. is blessed with mind-blowing hiking locations. These places offer a chance to enjoy nature thanks to their unique blend of scenic views and the right amount of difficulty. Furthermore‚ its vast nature means there’s something in store for every hiker. The scenic hiking trails mentioned below will make for a memorable adventure‚ whether you’re a pro or just looking to stroll out in the woods. 1. The Appalachian Trail The Appalachian Trail is top of this list of popular hiking areas in the U.S.. The trail covers 2‚190 miles and stretches from Georgia to the middle of Maine. It runs along the spine of the Appalachian Mountains and passes through 14 states‚ making it a favorite with pro hikers. Its terrain difficulty varies from place to place‚ with the trail spending much of its time in deciduous forests. We love this trail because it has plenty of day and section hike options along its entire length. Every year‚ thousands of hikers attempt a thru-hike of the Appalachian Trail. A thru-hike is an attempt to hike an entire trail in one push. For such attempts‚ you’ll note that the mental challenges can easily surpass the physical ones. If you don’t want to do a thru-hike‚ consider going on a day‚ section‚ or weekend hike. Pros • Variety of hiking terrain and difficulty• Potential for a complete thru-hike‚ day hike‚ or section hike• Accessible along large sections of the East Coast Cons • Shuttles required for section hikes• Certain sections are too crowded 2. Grand Canyon The Grand Canyon attracts thousands of visitors from all corners of the world each year. However‚ not all of them get to leave its rim. For some‚ standing at its precipice is enough to quench their thirst for adventure. Then again‚ there are the avid hikers whose idea of the best hiking trips involves descending and ascending the trickiest trails they can find. If this is you‚ the Bright Angel Trail is the most preferred way to descend the Grand Canyon‚ from its South Rim to the Colorado River. After making your way to the river‚ you can hike back the same way you descended or back to the top via the South Kaibab Trail. Whichever option you choose‚ note one thing – the hike will plunge you 4‚000’ from the South Rim to the river. Pros • Epic scenery• Plenty of information on viable routes• Easy travel and hospitality Cons • Challenging terrain• Conditions are dry all year round 3. Yosemite National Park The Yosemite National Park has everything from multi-day high-country expeditions to paved strokes. Its 3‚000’ granite walls will begin to dominate the skyline when you enter its valley. Yosemite’s popularity rose in the 1970s; today‚ it boasts over four million visitors annually. Regarding hiking destinations‚ Yosemite National Park has varied terrain ranges that include conifer and deciduous forests‚ granite peaks‚ and open meadows. It has everything you’d ever want in hiking destinations. Before you hike it‚ make sure to visit it a few times to plan your routes. Also‚ you may need to apply for a backcountry permit if you intend to hike it overnight. Pro hikers ensure you have a backup plan before heading to Yosemite for a backcountry trip. Pros • Spectacular high country• Reliable shuttle system for backcountry trailhead access• Variety of hikes for both pros and beginners Cons • Wildlife season can affect routes• Valley is crowded over the summer 4. Big Sur With proper planning‚ you can easily pack multi-day trails into a single day in Big Sur‚ making it one of the best hiking destinations in the U.S. Choose a few sections with varying lengths and terrains to ensure you’ll get the most out of your hike. For example‚ the Lime Kiln Trails are winding trails that will see you going through the towering redwood forests. The McWay Waterfall Trail‚ on the other hand‚ will take you less than a mile to arrive at a waterfall. Both these trails highlight the diverse nature of the Big Sur ecosystem. Other available trailsinclude the Salmon Creek Falls‚ the Buckeye Trails‚ and the Cone Peak Trail (currently closed). Each trail has its challenges and scenic offerings. Pros • Well-marked‚ moderate trails• Year-round hikes• Redwood forests and oceanfront views Cons • Some sections are highly populated• Trails are on the short side 5. Superior Hiking Trail This is one of the most popular hiking areas in the country. It’s loved by hikers looking for a forgiving hike‚ moderate terrain‚ and easy access. You may also find it appealing if you desire to complete a short thru-hike. Hikers who opt for a “short” thru-hike can complete the entire trail in three to four weeks. Thethru-hike will see them traverse through sections of old-growth forests. The Superior Hiking Trail starts at Jay Cooke Park and stretches to the Canadian border. Please note that the northern part runs from Duluth to the border and is ideal for a thru-hike plus camping. The southern part‚ which is only open for day hikes‚ runs from the Minnesota/Wisconsin border to Duluth. Pros • Lush‚ old-grown forest• Many options for short hikes• Moderate terrain Cons • The terrain isn’t varied• Bugs can prove bothersome depending on the time of year 6. Bear Mountain If you’re looking for a weekend hike location‚ look no further than Bear Mountain State Park. It lies just over one hour’s drive from New York City‚ making it an excellent option for weekend hikes. It’s also ideal for hikers who don’t want to commit too much of their time to travel. The Bear Mountain State Park sits on 5‚000 acres and has year-round recreational activities like cross-country skiing and skating. And this is not forgetting its easily accessible hiking trails. Thetrails are ergonomic and adequately maintained. Bear Mountain is a perfect spot for the entire family. If the kids are too young or uninterested in the hike‚ you have other options‚ such as taking a scenic drive or visiting the zoo. Pros • Plenty of challenging trails‚ all within proximity of one another• Popular with families• A short drive from NYC Cons • The parking lot is at the mountain top‚ making it a buzzkill• It can be overcrowded at times 7. Sedona Are you looking to learn about winter hiking trips? Make sure to research the red rock paradise of Sedona. The outings taken here tend to feel less like hikes and more like playing rock scrambles. These scrambles lead to expansive overlooks‚ flat-topped mesas‚ and deep canyons. On your hike‚ bring plenty of drinking water and keep your eyes peeled to avoid getting lost. There are lots of landmarks all over the place without defined trails. Moreover‚ the landscape inSedona is surprisingly lush for a desert. Make your way to Bell Rock and Fay Canyon to find the most rewarding hikes for people with different abilities. If these trails appear too populated for your liking‚ move on‚ as other trails will get you the adventure you want in five miles or less. Pros • Exciting‚ varied landscape• Rewarding hikes for short distances• Winter hikes are possible Cons • Summer months are too hot• Parking may prove challenging 8. Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument The Grand Staircase in Southern Utah is one of the most renowned hiking destinations. Its name is from the immense “staircase-like formations” displaying years of geological history. This national monument initially sat on two million acres during its designation in 1996. However‚ this changed in 2017 as its size significantly reduced following a controversial presidential proclamation. Despite this‚ it has retained winding trails that crisscross sandstone‚ desert floors‚ and canyons. The Grand Staircase has lots of options‚ including day hikes and overnights. Hikers have easy access to camping sites‚ making it a top choice for people looking to get off the beaten path. Popular attractions in the area include the Coyote Gulch and the Escalante Canyon. Pros • Moderate grades• Wide variety of terrain Cons • Hard to find water sources during the summer Conclusion The diversity of available day‚ sectional‚ overnight‚ and thru-hikes is staggering. A well-thought-out hiking trip can take you through rainforests‚ deserts‚ and mountain ranges and trace thousands of miles across rugged coasts. It can offer a chance to witness nature’s greatest wonders. In the list above‚ you’ll find eight of the best hiking destinations in the country today. Many are revered for their iconic appeal‚ and others are national monuments that attract visitors from across the country. Each location has something that attracts hikers to it. If you are planning an adventure or a hiking trip‚ don’t forget to check out our great products at https://www.battlbox.com/.

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We can’t understand what we can’t clearly see. That fact plagues scientists who study how planets form. Planet formation happens inside a thick‚ obscuring disk of gas and dust. But when it comes to seeing through that dust to where nascent planets begin to take shape‚ astronomers have a powerful new tool: the James Webb Space Telescope. In the past few years‚ we’ve been getting tantalizing looks at the protoplanetary disks around young stars. ALMA‚ the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array‚ is responsible for that. It’s imaged many of these disks around young stars‚ including the telltale gaps where planets are likely forming. ALMA’s high-resolution images of nearby protoplanetary disks are the results of the Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)‚ S. Andrews et al.; NRAO/AUI/NSF‚ S. Dagnello Imaging the disks is now becoming a regular occurrence‚ but astronomers have only spotted two forming planets. But now researchers have brought the JWST to bear on the problem. Three new studies in The Astronomical Journal present the results of that effort. They are: JWST/NIRCam Imaging of Young Stellar Objects. I. Constraints on Planets Exterior to the Spiral Disk Around MWC 758 JWST/NIRCam Imaging of Young Stellar Objects. II. Deep Constraints on Giant Planets and a Planet Candidate Outside of the Spiral Disk Around SAO 206462 JWST/NIRCam Imaging of Young Stellar Objects. III. Detailed Imaging of the Nebular Environment around the HL Tau Disk The research combines new JWST observations with previous observations by the Hubble and ALMA. The astronomers behind each of the studies used the JWST to uncover new‚ early clues about the planet formation process‚ including how the process shapes the disk they’re born from. If they can identify features unique to planet formation‚ they can then look for these features around other disks. HL Tau‚ SAO 206462 and MWC 758 are all protoplanetary disks that have been observed by other telescopes. The JWST’s powerful infrared capabilities should provide new insights into these disks and their planets. That’s because as planets gather more material to them‚ they release infrared radiation. “When material falls onto the planet‚ it shocks at the surface and gives off an emission line at specific wavelengths‚” said astronomer Gabriel Cugno‚ who was involved with all three papers. “We use a set of narrow-band filters to try to detect this accretion. This has been done before from the ground at optical wavelengths‚ but this is the first time it’s been done in the infrared with JWST.” MWC 758 is a young star that hosts a spiral protoplanetary disk. This JWST/NIRCam image of MWC 758 shows the star’s unusual spiral disk. Wagner et al. 2024. Using mathematical simulations‚ the researchers showed that a giant planet called MWS 758c outside the spirals can produce the spirals. They also showed that the symmetry of the arms can constrain the planet’s mass. In this case‚ they can determine a lower range for the planet’s mass: between about 4 to 8 Jupiter masses. But they didn’t find it. There may also be an even more massive companion further out‚ according to the simulations‚ but none was detected. SAO 206462 is another young star surrounded by a disk. It also has clearly defined spiral arms‚ signifying the presence of a massive planet. The astronomers studying this star and disk did find a planet‚ but not the one they expected. This is a JWST image of the star SAO 296462 and its spiral disk. Image Credit: Cugno et al. 2024. “Several simulations suggest that the planet should be within the disk‚ massive‚ large‚ hot‚ and bright. But we didn’t find it. This means that either the planet is much colder than we think‚ or it may be obscured by some material that prevents us from seeing it‚” said lead author Gabriele Cugno‚ also a co-author on the other paper papers. “What we have found is a different planet candidate‚ but we cannot tell with 100% certainty whether it’s a planet or a faint background star or galaxy contaminating our image. Future observations will help us understand exactly what we are looking at.” Massive gas giants are expected to be responsible for the spiral shapes. But even the JWST struggles to find them. “The problem is‚ whatever we’re trying to detect is hundreds of thousands‚ if not millions of times fainter than the star‚” Cugno said. “That’s like trying to detect a little light bulb next to a lighthouse.” HL Tau is the third star and disk that the JWST examined and the youngest‚ at less than 100‚000 years old. HL Tau is well-known in astronomy for the telltale gaps and rings in its disk‚ as well as some other features. For example‚ astronomers found water vapour in its disk right in the location where a suspected planet is forming. In this image of HL Tau‚ observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) show water vapour in shades of blue in the same location where astronomers thought a planet may be forming. Image Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/S. Facchini et al. The JWST found the known stellar envelope‚ outflow cavity‚ and other features. But‚ unfortunately‚ no planet. This image from the paper shows an ALMA image of HL Tau and a JWST image of HL Tau. The JWST is able to see details that the ALMA image doesn’t show‚ including a feature called the hook-shaped clump. Image Credit: Mullin et al. 2024 “HL Tau is the youngest system in our survey and still surrounded by a dense inflow of dust and gas falling onto the disk‚” said Mullin‚ a co-author of all three studies. “We were amazed by the level of detail with which we could see this surrounding material with JWST‚ but unfortunately‚ it obscures any signals from potential planets.” One of the difficulties with HL Tau is its youth. The younger a star is‚ the more gas and dust is in the disk. It eventually gets taken up by planets‚ and the rest is dissipated by disk wind. But HL Tau is so young that the disk is very thick. “While there is a ton of evidence for ongoing planet formation‚ HL Tau is too young with too much intervening dust to see the planets directly‚” said Jarron Leisenring‚ the principal investigator of the observing campaign searching for forming planets and astronomer at the University of Arizona Steward Observatory. “We have already begun looking at other young systems with known planets to help form a more complete picture.” But astronomy is full of surprises‚ especially when working with a powerful tool like the JWST. Astronomers often set out to find one thing and find something else they didn’t expect. That’s what happened with HL Tau. This image of HL Tau from 2016 shows an inner gap and an outer gap where planets may be forming. Unfortunately‚ the JWST wasn’t able to detect them. But it did find other features. Image Credit: Yen et al. 2016. In this case‚ the JWST detected HL Tau’s stellar envelope‚ where in-falling material gathers around the still coalescing young star. This material eventually becomes part of the star‚ disk‚ and planets. While the astronomers behind all three papers hoped to find planets‚ that proved difficult. But the JWST’s sensitivity still helped them make progress. “The lack of planets detected in all three systems tells us that the planets causing the gaps and spiral arms either are too close to their host stars or too faint to be seen with JWST‚” said Wagner‚ a co-author of all three studies. “If the latter is true‚ it tells us that they’re of relatively low mass‚ low temperature‚ enshrouded in dust‚ or some combination of the three—as is likely the case in MWC 758.” Planet formation could be the key to understanding how some planets end up with water and how other chemical elements are distributed in a solar system. Astronomers think that massive gas giants like Jupiter end up regulating the movement and flow of elements. But not all stars host planets so massive. “Only about 15 percent of stars like the sun have planets like Jupiter. It’s really important to understand how they form and evolve and to refine our theories‚” said U-M Michael Meyer‚ University of Michigan astronomer and coauthor of all three studies. “Some astronomers think that these gas giant planets regulate the delivery of water to rocky planets forming in the inner parts of the disks.” Image of Jupiter taken by NASA’s Juno spacecraft. Massive gas giants like Jupiter might govern the movement of water in a young solar system‚ affecting which planets get it. That’s just one of the reasons why astronomers want to find them around young stars. (Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Kevin M. Gill) In every disk that astronomers can get a good look at‚ they find gaps‚ rings‚ and sometimes spirals and other structures that can be explained by the formation of giant planets. But they also can’t rule out other explanations. And this is where the issue stands‚ for now. “Basically‚ in every disk we have observed with high enough resolution and sensitivity‚ we have seen large structures like gaps‚ rings and‚ in the case of SAO 206462‚ spirals‚” Cugno said. “Most if not all of these structures can be explained by forming planets interacting with the disk material‚ but other explanations that do not involve the presence of giant planets exist.” Finding these massive planets forming around young stars is the next step. Even though the JWST didn’t find them‚ it still made progress on the issue. That’s how science works. Because if astronomers can eventually see some of these planets‚ they can then untangle the relationships between all the other features the JWST has observed with the planets themselves. “If we manage to finally see these planets‚ we can connect some of the structures with forming companions and relate formation processes to the properties of other systems at much later stages‚” Cugno said. “We can finally connect the dots and understand how planets and planetary systems evolve as a whole.” Upcoming telescopes can make even more progress. The ESO’s Extremely Large Telescope will probe the earliest stages of planetary formation and will also detect water and organic chemicals in protoplanetary disks. Its first light is scheduled for 2028. The Giant Magellan Telescope will also study the formation of planetary systems with its Near-Infrared Spectrograph. The GMT will see its first light in the 2030s. The post Webb Joins the Hunt for Protoplanets appeared first on Universe Today.

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