An estimated 6% of people in the US and UK suffer from vitamin B12 deficiency. The condition is recognised by the World Health Organisation as a global health problem that could impact millions of lives. B12 deficiency is typically characterised by symptoms such as extreme tiredness‚ lack of energy‚ muscle weakness‚ and even problems with memory. Not only that‚ but it can cause a number of serious health problems‚ such as irreversible nerve damage‚ anxiety or depression‚ or disorders which affect coordination‚ balance‚ and speech.While some B12 deficiencies are caused by diet‚ the most common reason for low B12 levels worldwide is an autoimmune disorder called pernicious anaemia. This is a chronic form of low B12 that can have serious consequences on health if left untreated long-term. However‚ because symptoms of the condition typically look like other common conditions‚ it’s often misdiagnosed as depression or anxiety. Not only does the condition cause physical distress‚ the stigma of living with this chronic condition can also cause serious psychological harm‚ as I’ve shown in my research.Vitamin B12 – otherwise known as cobalamin – is a water-soluble vitamin found in animal by-products‚ such as meat‚ fish and dairy. Other sources include fortified cereal‚ breads and plant milks. People who don’t regularly consume animal products are at risk of becoming deficient in B12. To reduce this risk‚ vegans are recommended to consume at least three micrograms of B12 daily through fortified foods‚ or by taking a regular B12 supplement.However‚ most low B12 levels are more caused by pernicious anaemia. The condition makes it difficult for people to process vitamin B12 because the immune system impacts on the functioning of important parietal cells within the stomach. These cells produce a protein called “intrinsic factor” which is essential for vitamin absorption. People with pernicious anaemia will produce an antibody to Intrinsic Factor that destroys any Intrinsic Factor that has been produced. And so‚ without any Intrinsic Factor to bind to food‚ they are unable to extract any B12. Without B12‚ the body isn’t able to produce enough healthy red blood cells. The condition can also be caused by a weakened stomach lining. This may happen because of atrophic gastritis‚ chronic inflammation in the stomach that eventually weakens the lining.A lifelong conditionAn estimated five in every 100‚000 people in the UK have pernicious anaemia. It effects people of all ages‚ and symptoms can start at any time. However‚ the condition is more common in people over 60‚ as older adults are more likely to develop atrophic gastritis‚ which increases the risk of B12 deficiency. The number of people with the condition worldwide might be higher than estimated. However‚ it’s difficult to reliably estimate levels of B12 deficiency because there’s no agreed definition of how low B12 levels must be to be classified as deficient.New guidelines have been made to address problems with current diagnosis methods. They state that a patient’s symptoms are the best indicator of any deficiency. It also states that if there’s inconsistency with the test result and the patient’s reported symptoms‚ the patient should still be treated with replacement B12 to prevent any potential irreversible damage.B12 deficiency causes a wide range of debilitating neurological and physical symptoms. The most common symptoms of pernicious anaemia are fatigue‚ memory loss and problems with concentration. However‚ the subtle‚ nonspecific nature of the condition’s initial symptoms can make it difficult to properly diagnose people. One study interviewing members of the Pernicious Anaemia Society found that nearly half had been misdiagnosed. A further 20% had waited two years or more for a proper diagnosis. For many‚ symptoms were initially attributed to a hectic lifestyle or diagnosed as anxiety or depression.Low levels of B12 can lead to nerve damage‚ as the vitamin is essential to producing myelin‚ which protects nerve cells from damage. Symptoms of low B12 might initially feel like tingling or numbness in hands and feet‚ or difficulty with balance. If pernicious anaemia is left untreated‚ symptoms can become debilitating and nerve damage irreversible. The term “pernicious” was used to describe the condition as historically it resulted in death.When Vitamin B12 deficiency is caused by poor diet‚ it’s treated by prescribing B12 tablets or injections of hydroxocobalamin. Once the deficiency has been corrected‚ levels can be managed by changing diet or regularly taking a supplement.However‚ treatment is lifelong for people with pernicious anaemia. In the UK‚ many need frequent injections every 8 to 12 weeks to replace the vitamin. Despite this‚ many people continue experiencing debilitating symptoms‚ or find their symptoms return before their next scheduled injection because their treatment hasn’t been sufficient.When patients raised concerns about insufficient treatment or requested more frequent injections‚ our research found that many health care professionals responded negatively‚ even questioning the legitimacy of the patient’s illness. These kinds of questions can increase psychological distress and impact on quality of life.Patients with pernicious anaemia also anticipated high levels of health-related stigma. Many people with chronic health conditions fear that their health status will lead them to be devalued by wider society‚ or be a source of discrimination. Stigma not only impacts on relationships with health care providers‚ but can cause increased incidence of anxiety and depression.The lack of appropriate guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of pernicious anaemia is problematic and there is an urgent need for this to be reviewed. It is important that both the general public and health professionals have increased awareness of the symptoms that arise from inadequate levels of B12 so that the condition can be diagnosed before long term damage occurs.Heidi Seage‚ Senior Lecturer in Psychology‚ Cardiff Metropolitan UniversityThis article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Interviews‚ especially those of candidates and elected officials with their ability to filibuster and avoid answering questions‚ are often edited for brevity and clarity so as to accommodate production demands. But then there are those interviews that‚ upon further review‚ leave one with no other conclusion that they were edited in order to spare the interviewer further embarrassment. Such is the case of Senator Tim Scott’s (R-SC) appearance on CBS’s Face The Nation. An example of such editing is Sen. Scott’s response when asked about Nikki Haley’s son’s characterization of him as “Judas”. Compare what made it to air with what got cut out‚ which is the decolorized of the video below and bold portion of its transcript (click "expand"): ROBERT COSTA: Nikki Haley has been tough. She has been a longtime ally of yours‚ not so much anymore. Her son‚ her adult son‚ Nalin‚ has referred to you as “Judas” for endorsing former President Donald Trump. What's your response to Nalin Haley and to Nikki Haley‚ who has not really disavowed that comment‚ though she's kind of shushed her son from time to time? SEN. TIM SCOTT (R-SC): Well‚ here- here's what I'd say. Politics makes people and their families desperate. It's unfortunate for a person with a high caliber of an individual that she has been‚ to stoop down to having her and her family refer to me or anyone else as Judas Iscariot‚ or any other name calling. The one thing I will say to your viewers‚ when you are attacked‚ please remember this‚ do not take criticism for someone you would not take advice. And in addition to that‚ because I am going to church in a little while‚ Matthew 5:44 reminds us to pray for those who persecute you‚ and to love your enemies‚ we have to find in our hearts the way of forgiveness. I- I know that they're in a heated race. I know that it's not going their way‚ they- they're going to lose their home state. There'll be a devastating loss here in South Carolina. It was a devastating loss in New Hampshire‚ there's not a state coming forward that she's going to win. So I get the name calling. But it's not about me‚ frankly‚ it's about the American people. So I- I hope that they get back to focusing on the underlying issues. In this case it is notable‚ but not at all surprising‚ that CBS chose to air only the politics portion of Scott’s response to being called “Judas”‚ but not the Christian forgiveness portion with its appropriate Biblical citation. Consider that the network that about a year ago had no compunction airing Sam Smith’s degenerate and satanic-adjacent performance of “Unholy” on the Grammys thinks “love thy enemy” is unfit for broadcast.  But there were other omissions. Consider this exchange on the weaponization of government (omissions in bold‚ click "expand"): SENATOR TIM SCOTT: She does not‚ here's what we know‚ without any question‚ that this has only exposed the two-tiered justice system that many Americans fear. You have a justice system that hunts Republicans‚ while protecting Democrats. Bob‚ one of the most compelling pieces of evidence towards this fact is Special Counsel Hur's report that said that absolutely without any question‚ Joe Biden mishandled classified sensitive material. At the same time‚ you have courts actually targeting and running after Republicans. Not just however‚ the former president‚ but whether it's pro-life activists or folks showing up at school board meetings‚ being referred to by this Department of Justice as domestic terrorists. We have a two-tiered justice system that is being exposed. And what many Americans-- ROBERT COSTA: Senator- SEN. SCOTT: -- feel‚ Bob-- ROBERT COSTA: -- Senator‚ SEN. SCOTT:--  is that what's happening to President Trump could happen to them just as well. ROBERT COSTA: Senator‚ that Hur report you speak of has been harshly criticized by the Biden White House. Former President Trump is also facing-- SEN. SCOTT: -- Of course‚ it has. ROBERT COSTA: -- an investigation. SEN. SCOTT:  It's undeniable though. ROBERT COSTA: He's also facing‚ former President Trump's also facing his own classified records investigation from the Justice Department. And you see right now that you talk about the Justice Department being weaponized‚ but that's a claim made without evidence here‚ that‚ there's that it's somehow being weaponized‚ you have to have intent– SEN. SCOTT: Well– ROBERT COSTA: –when it comes to making that kind of claim. SEN. SCOTT: Here's what we see; Special Counsel Hur's report is crystal clear. That the President of the United States is too old‚ his memory faulty‚ which makes him sympathetic for a jury so they're not moving forward with charges. ROBERT COSTA: -- But‚ okay- let's move-- SEN. SCOTT But the report is clear-- ROBERT COSTA: Senator– SEN. SCOTT: -- That he mishandled- that he mishandled classified material. That report is ROBERT COSTA: And there was no charge – SEN. SCOTT: – crystal clear‚ Bob. I think we can agree on that. ROBERT COSTA: The characterizations have been highly contested‚ and there was no charge included in that report. But when it comes to former President Trump‚ Senator Scott‚ do you believe the RNC‚ the Republican National Committee should be involved in paying his legal expenses‚ which are mounting? The DoJ being weaponized is a claim without evidence? There was a LITERAL memo from the DoJ regarding parents that protest against their school boards‚ which triggered an investigation from the House Judiciary Committee. There is also the ongoing FACE ACT jihad against members of the pro-life community exercising their First Amendment rights in the proximity of abortion clinics. Mark Houck of Pennsylvania was acquitted by a jury‚ but many such cases remain. Other cuts conveniently omit points that are uncomfortable to the Biden administration and their media Praetorian Guard‚ such as on Bidenomics: SCOTT:  When two thirds of Americans according to a few polls‚ say that they don't have $1‚000 in their savings account. Joe Biden's inflation has also increased interest rates that has decimated savings and investments for people living paycheck to paycheck. These are the top issues that Americans are talking about. And on the January 6th hypothetical asked of all potential Trump running mates despite the passage of amendments to the Electoral Count Act that render the question moot for 2024 (click "expand"): ROBERT COSTA: – Focused on border security‚ you are being mentioned as someone who's a possible vice presidential contender for former President Donald Trump. Should you be- ever become vice president‚ whether it's this time around or in the future‚ an important question is how do you specifically see the role of Vice President on the day of congressional certification? What do you believe‚ Senator‚ is the role of a vice-president on the day of congressional certification? SEN. SCOTT: Well‚ here's what I'm not going to do is answer questions that are hypothetical about the past. The one thing we know about the future is that the former president‚ fortunately‚ he'll be successful in 2024‚ he won't be facing that situation again. So what we should focus on is what will cause the former president‚ President Trump‚ to be the next president of the United States. It will be those issues that I've articulated‚ in addition to that‚ the lack of law and order in the streets of America. I'm not going to sit here and have a hypothetical conversation-- (CROSS TALK) ROBERT COSTA: No I'm not asking you about- Senator-- SEN. SCOTT: -- about something you and I both know‚ cannot happen-- ROBERT COSTA: -- Senator‚ I respect your point of view on that‚ but – SEN. SCOTT: -- and that is just a fact. (CROSSTALK ENDS) ROBERT COSTA : I'm not asking you a hypothetical question. I'm asking you a constitutional question. How do you see the role of vice-president in terms of the congressional certification? SEN. SCOTT: The constitution is very clear. ROBERT COSTA: So- and you stand by your decision-- SEN. SCOTT: This- this- this- Of course I do. There- there- there's not a question that- that we're going to ask and then have answered about the past. I'm not changing my position. I'm stating very clearly that the American people are very concerned about 70‚000 Americans losing their lives to fentanyl. And you're asking a hypothetical question that you know has no actual ground to stand on for the future. We're talking about 10 million illegal immigrants coming across our southern border. And according to the Biden administration‚ 85% of those folks allowed into our country. We're talking about the- the loss of law and order in the poorest communities in this country. Instead of having conversations about these incredibly important issues. ROBERT COSTA: Senator‚ I respect your position on the focus-- (CROSSTALK) SEN. SCOTT: We're gonna talk about the-- (CROSSTALK ENDS) ROBERT COSTA: --I'm just saying for someone who's being mentioned as a possible vice president‚ it's fair to ask how they see that role‚ that- that duty of a vice president on that day. Let's move on to politics. Overall‚ the transcripts show that Costa was schooled at each and every turn. It wasn’t the interview that was edited for clarity and brevity‚ but CBS’s embarrassment.   Click “expand” to view the unedited transcript of the aforementioned interview as aired on CBS Face The Nation on Sunday‚ February 18th‚ 2024. (OMITTED PORTIONS IN BOLD) ROBERT COSTA: We turn now to South Carolina's other Republican senator‚ Senator Tim Scott. He joins us this morning from his home state. Senator‚ thanks for being here. Former President Donald Trump has spent a lot of time in the courtroom in recent days. And his opponent Nikki Haley says that's a burden potentially for Republicans nationwide to have a standard bearer who's in the courtroom. Does she have a point? SENATOR TIM SCOTT: She does not‚ here's what we know‚ without any question‚ that this has only exposed the two-tiered justice system that many Americans fear. You have a justice system that hunts Republicans‚ while protecting Democrats. Bob‚ one of the most compelling pieces of evidence towards this fact is Special Counsel Hur's report that said that absolutely without any question‚ Joe Biden mishandled classified sensitive material. At the same time‚ you have courts actually targeting and running after Republicans. Not just however‚ the former president‚ but whether it's pro-life activists or folks showing up at school board meetings‚ being referred to by this Department of Justice as domestic terrorists. We have a two-tiered justice system that is being exposed. And what many Americans-- ROBERT COSTA: Senator- SEN. SCOTT: -- feel‚ Bob-- ROBERT COSTA: -- Senator‚ SEN. SCOTT:--  is that what's happening to President Trump could happen to them just as well. ROBERT COSTA: Senator‚ that Hur report you speak of has been harshly criticized by the Biden White House. Former President Trump is also facing-- SEN. SCOTT: -- Of course‚ it has. ROBERT COSTA: -- an investigation. SEN. SCOTT:  It's undeniable though. ROBERT COSTA: He's also facing‚ former President Trump's also facing his own classified records investigation from the Justice Department. And you see right now that you talk about the Justice Department being weaponized‚ but that's a claim made without evidence here‚ that‚ there's that it's somehow being weaponized‚ you have to have intent– SEN. SCOTT: Well– ROBERT COSTA: –when it comes to making that kind of claim. SEN. SCOTT: Here's what we see; Special Counsel Hur's report is crystal clear. That the President of the United States is too old‚ his memory faulty‚ which makes him sympathetic for a jury so they're not moving forward with charges. ROBERT COSTA: -- But‚ okay- let's move-- SEN. SCOTT But the report is clear-- ROBERT COSTA: Senator– SEN. SCOTT: -- That he mishandled- that he mishandled classified material. That report is ROBERT COSTA: And there was no charge – SEN. SCOTT: – crystal clear‚ Bob. I think we can agree on that. ROBERT COSTA: The characterizations have been highly contested‚ and there was no charge included in that report. But when it comes to former President Trump‚ Senator Scott‚ do you believe the RNC‚ the Republican National Committee should be involved in paying his legal expenses‚ which are mounting? SEN. SCOTT: I can only tell you that without any question‚ when you look at the two-tiered justice system that we have that I just re– reinforced‚ I think it's important for us to note that without any question‚ the American people are very concerned about how that would impact their lives. Their issues are very clear by the way. The American people are more focused on their future than Donald Trump's past. What they're more focused on is making sure that our southern border is secured. We're looking at almost 10 million illegal crossings by the election. The American people aren't asking the questions about legal challenges. The American people are asking questions about economic challenges. When two thirds of Americans according to a few polls‚ say that they don't have $1‚000 in their savings account. Joe Biden's inflation has also increased interest rates that has decimated savings and investments for people living paycheck to paycheck. These are the top issues that Americans are talking about. They're not talking about legal challenges. They're talking about their challenges across a kitchen table. ROBERT COSTA: And you were just in Eagle Pass with Senator Graham on Friday – SEN. SCOTT: Yes sir. ROBERT COSTA: – Focused on border security‚ you are being mentioned as someone who's a possible vice presidential contender for former President Donald Trump. Should you be- ever become vice president‚ whether it's this time around or in the future‚ an important question is how do you specifically see the role of Vice President on the day of congressional certification? What do you believe‚ Senator‚ is the role of a vice-president on the day of congressional certification? SEN. SCOTT: Well‚ here's what I'm not going to do is answer questions that are hypothetical about the past. The one thing we know about the future is that the former president‚ fortunately‚ he'll be successful in 2024‚ he won't be facing that situation again. So what we should focus on is what will cause the former president‚ President Trump‚ to be the next president of the United States. It will be those issues that I've articulated‚ in addition to that‚ the lack of law and order in the streets of America. I'm not going to sit here and have a hypothetical conversation-- (CROSS TALK) ROBERT COSTA: No I'm not asking you about- Senator-- SEN. SCOTT: -- about something you and I both know‚ cannot happen-- ROBERT COSTA: -- Senator‚ I respect your point of view on that‚ but – SEN. SCOTT: -- and that is just a fact. (CROSSTALK ENDS) ROBERT COSTA : I'm not asking you a hypothetical question. I'm asking you a constitutional question. How do you see the role of vice-president in terms of the congressional certification? SEN. SCOTT: The constitution is very clear. ROBERT COSTA: So- and you stand by your decision-- SEN. SCOTT: This- this- this- Of course I do. There- there- there's not a question that- that we're going to ask and then have answered about the past. I'm not changing my position. I'm stating very clearly that the American people are very concerned about 70‚000 Americans losing their lives to fentanyl. And you're asking a hypothetical question that you know has no actual ground to stand on for the future. We're talking about 10 million illegal immigrants coming across our southern border. And according to the Biden administration‚ 85% of those folks allowed into our country. We're talking about the- the loss of law and order in the poorest communities in this country. Instead of having conversations about these incredibly important issues. ROBERT COSTA: Senator‚ I respect your position on the focus-- (CROSSTALK) SEN. SCOTT: We're gonna talk about the-- (CROSSTALK ENDS) ROBERT COSTA: --I'm just saying for someone who's being mentioned as a possible vice president‚ it's fair to ask how they see that role‚ that- that duty of a vice president on that day. Let's move on to politics. SEN. SCOTT: Sure. ROBERT COSTA: Nikki Haley has been tough. She has been a longtime ally of yours‚ not so much anymore. Her son‚ her adult son‚ Nalin‚ has referred to you as “Judas” for endorsing former President Donald Trump. What's your response to Nalin Haley and to Nikki Haley‚ who has not really disavowed that comment‚ though she's kind of shushed her son from time to time? SEN. SCOTT: Well‚ here- here's what I'd say. Politics makes people and their families desperate. It's unfortunate for a person with a high caliber of an individual that she has been‚ to stoop down to having her and her family refer to me or anyone else as Judas Iscariot‚ or any other name calling. The one thing I will say to your viewers‚ when you are attacked‚ please remember this‚ do not take criticism for someone you would not take advice. And in addition to that‚ because I am going to church in a little while‚ Matthew 5:44 reminds us to pray for those who persecute you‚ and to love your enemies‚ we have to find in our hearts the way of forgiveness. I- I know that they're in a heated race. I know that it's not going their way‚ they- they're going to lose their home state. There'll be a devastating loss here in South Carolina. It was a devastating loss in New Hampshire‚ there's not a state coming forward that she's going to win. So I get the name calling. But it's not about me‚ frankly‚ it's about the American people. So I- I hope that they get back to focusing on the underlying issues. But until then-- ROBERT COSTA: Speaking of that‚ Senator-- (CROSSTALK) SEN. SCOTT: I'll continue to remind myself to be for- forgiving-- ROBERT COSTA: Should- should former President Trump-- SEN. SCOTT: --in that abil- in that process. (END CROSSTALK) ROBERT COSTA: And just final thing here‚ speaking of name calling‚ you say focus on the issues‚ should former President Trump stop calling Ambassador Haley "Birdbrain"? SEN. SCOTT:  Well‚ I- I think her- her son should stop calling me Judas Iscariot. So there's lots of things that we can talk about. But let's just keep our focus on the American people and why it's so important for us as elected officials to focus on their issues. One of the reasons why President Trump is leading so significantly in the polls‚ one of the reasons why he actually won more women in New Hampshire in the poll- in- in the results of the election‚ than Nikki Haley did‚ because- because he was focusing on law and order‚ and securing our southern border‚ and safety in our streets‚ improving our economy. These are the issues that we should focus on‚ not the back and forth and the challenging times in which we live‚ and the simple comments that are- you know‚ they're throwaway comments long term‚ but they can do damage short term. ROBERT COSTA: Senator Tim Scott of South Carolina‚ we appreciate your time. "Face the Nation" will be back in one minute. Stay with us.  

Tuna Salad is easy to make and wonderful to make a sandwich or enjoy on crackers. We love it creamy and with boiled eggs. If you love tuna recipes‚ you may also love this tuna macaroni salad. It’s easy to make and a great side dish! ❤️WHY WE LOVE THIS RECIPE We love this tuna...

A group of business owners on Ballard Avenue in Seattle is speaking out‚ begging for help to anyone who will listen after their businesses have been ravaged by repeated unpunished retail thefts. Business owner Matt Humphrey told KOMO-TV that his store has been broken into four times in the last two years‚ and nothing has been done to stop the thefts. — (@) "It’s just happened to me too much. It’s like post traumatic stress. Every time the phone rings in the middle of the night‚ this is what I worry about doing business in Seattle. I’m hoping some judge‚ some politician watching your news show will hear it and say: this has got to stop!" Humphrey said. Humphrey continued‚ "I can’t keep taking the hits like this. I've been waiting out failed policy for three years."Down the street‚ business owner MK Byrne‚ who owns a jewelry store‚ echoed Humphrey's sentiments. Byrne stated that she actually began sleeping in her store in an effort to improve police response time to the repeated burglaries. "I learned that you get a faster response time if you’re inside or there’s an active threat. At that time‚ I was so passionate about building this business. I knew I couldn’t take any hit‚ any loss to my inventory‚ any interruption to my business because things were so tight."I’m not saying that was the best thing to do. But this is my heart and soul‚ this is my art‚ and I feel strongly about defending it!"The city of Seattle claims that property crime has gone down in recent years‚ but Seattle police chief Adrian Diaz conceded that those numbers were likely erroneous and were probably the result of people reporting fewer crimes due to a sense of futility. Byrne agreed‚ noting‚ "From what I understand‚ it takes a long time to prosecute anyone who’s been caught breaking. Rarely‚ they are even caught. What’s kind of left in the gap is that it’s a viable career option to be a thief."Humphrey and Byrne indicated that they did not intend to leave Seattle‚ but pleaded with the city's government for help. "Make this your number one priority. A lot is going on in the city‚ but small businesses are the backbone of your community. They’re the backbone of your tax base. Help us fix this now."Seattle's current mayor‚ Bruce Harrell‚ is serving his first term‚ which began in 2022. He was elected on a promise to return law and order to Seattle after a series of embarrassing national incidents‚ including the weeks-long debacle in which malcontents were permitted to take over the state capitol for weeks without police action‚ tarred the term of his predecessor.

Cali's 'Ebony Alerts' Are Unconstitutional (and You Won't Believe What They Have For Native Americans)

It’s been a great week if you’re part of the anti-exclusivity movement in gaming. Great games for all—even if with a delay between its original release and going multiplatform—feels like a positive sentiment to wish for in this industry‚ and with just how much of that industry now being in Microsoft’s hands‚ I think we’re all breathing a sigh of relief that the company’s strategy going forward is to have ‘every screen be an Xbox’ (via Inverse) instead of hoarding IPs for its own consoles. Its hardware may be struggling‚ but make no mistake: ownership of Activision-Blizzard gives Microsoft huge leverage about how this industry’s going to look in the future.

The original Kingdom Hearts is one of my favorite games. It's an emotional experience‚ full of storytelling that perfectly captures the childlike wonder and horror of the greater world around us (and I'll even defend its infamous Atlantica world to the grave). I do‚ however‚ have to be in the right headspace for the original game to fully appreciate it. As for its sequel‚ Kingdom Hearts 2‚ I never need to worry about setting that perfect mood.

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