When a massive star dies in a supernova explosion, it’s not great news for any planets or stars that happen to be nearby. Generally, the catastrophic event crisps nearby worlds and sends companion stars careening through space. So, astronomers were pretty surprised to find 21 neutron stars—the crushed stellar cores left over after supernova explosions—orbiting in binary systems with Sun-like stars. A team led by Caltech’s Kareem El-Badry detected these cosmic oddities using observations made by the European Space Agency’s Gaia mission. Its astrometrical data revealed “wobbles” in the orbits of the Sun-like companions. The team then followed up with spectral observations of the objects. Essentially, this work helped uncover a new population of what the team terms “dark” neutron stars still in orbital dances with their sunlike partners. Now the trick is to explain why these unusual pairs exist, according to El-Badry. “We still do not have a complete model for how these binaries form,” he said. “In principle, the progenitor to the neutron star should have become huge and interacted with the solar-type star during its late-stage evolution.” Astronomers have discovered 21 stars like our Sun in orbit around neutron stars (formed in supernova explosions). The European Space Agency’s Gaia mission detected this wobble by observing the orbits of the Sun-like stars (yellow dots) for three years. The Sun-like stars are green in this animation, and the neutron stars (and their orbits) are purple. Credit: Caltech/Kareem El-Badry Surviving a Supernova? It seems counterintuitive to think of the nearby star surviving the nearby catastrophe. The process itself begins as the massive progenitor star ages and expands. That pushes the smaller star around. Just before the supernova occurred, the dying star probably engulfed the companion for a time. Some theories suggest that the engulfment itself could destroy the smaller star. Others say that it affects the star but doesn’t completely obliterate it. At some point, the larger star’s core collapses when it runs out of fuel. All the other layers come crashing down on the core. The temperatures and pressures in the event compress what’s left of the core into a ball of neutrons. Then, the outer layers rebound off the core and blast out into space. That’s the part we see as the supernova explosion. The outburst should eject it from the system if there’s still a companion star. However, for these strange binaries, that didn’t happen. The neutron star and a companion remain. Now it’s El-Badry’s team task to figure out why. “The discovery of these new systems shows that at least some binaries survive these cataclysmic processes even though models cannot yet fully explain how,” he said. In a paper about the finding, the team also suggests that they cannot rule out that the neutron stars may be ultramassive white dwarfs or white dwarf binaries. The Search for Neutron Stars and their Companions The Gaia mission aims to scan the sky and look for “wobbles” in the motions of more than a billion stars. The orbits of planets around the stars cause wobbles. However, the gravitational tug of nearby black holes, neutron stars, or more massive stars also induces them. Neutron stars are massive balls of neutrons about 20 km across but denser than the Sun. They’re created as the collapsing stellar layers crush the core of the supernova progenitor star. As the neutron star and its companion orbit around a common center of mass, the neutron star tugs on its companion and that makes it shift back and forth—creating the telltale “wobble”. Gaia detected those wobbles, and then scientists used data from follow-up observations at several ground-based telescopes, including the W. M. Keck Observatory on Maunakea, Hawai‘i; La Silla Observatory in Chile; and the Whipple Observatory in Arizona. That gave them more information about the masses and orbits of the hidden neutron stars. Now, there have been neutron stars in orbit with other Sun-like stars, those orbits have been pretty tight and close-in. In those cases, the mass transfer between the two companions makes the neutron star brighter in X-ray or radio wavelengths. That’s not true for the 21 systems El-Badry’s team studied. They are much farther apart in wider orbits. This limits how much material the neutron star can steal from its companion. As a result, those objects are dark and quiet. “These are the first neutron stars discovered purely due to their gravitational effects,” El-Badry said. An animation of a binary star system containing a neutron star created in a supernova and a Sun-like companion. Credit: Caltech/R. Hurt (IPAC) Tracing the Tale from Supernova to Binary So, now astronomers have a population of neutron star/Sun-like star binaries to explain. Now, the team will work to figure out the real story of why these rare pairings still exist. “We estimate that about one in a million solar-type stars is orbiting a neutron star in a wide orbit,” El-Badry said. He’s also interested in similar matchups between dormant (and largely invisible) black holes and Sun-like stars. There are two that he knows about, including one called Gaia BH1, which is only 1,600 light-years away from us. The fact that these odd couples also exist opens up a lot of questions. “We don’t know for sure how these black hole binaries formed either,” El-Badry said. “There are clearly gaps in our models for the evolution of binary stars. Finding more of these dark companions and comparing their population statistics to predictions of different models will help us piece together how they form.” For More Information Sun-Like Stars Found Orbiting Hidden CompanionsA Population of Neutron Star Candidates in Wide Orbits from Gaia Astrometry The post Stars Can Survive Their Partner Detonating as a Supernova appeared first on Universe Today.

"Biden against the world"

The bagel’s success is undeniable, but its path to breakfast dominance wasn’t straightforward.

Who Brought The Slaves? Jewish Slave Traders Hidden From History. Walter White Jr. - (Converted to HD by TheWarAgainstYou) - WHO BROUGHT THE SLAVES TO AMERICA? [1968] - WALTER WHITE JR. (AUDIO BOOK) - Jews were overrepresented in the North-Atlantic slave trade. Nowadays whites are blamed for this crime. - This is a short read of the book by author Walter White Jr. You can also download this book for free or follow along online. The link to the free ebook is shown below this paragraph. - The book is a very quick & easy read. Once again, you will realize the African Slave Trade System was completely owned & operated from capture, to transport, to auctions, and to ownership on the plantation by the Jews. - Time to Wake Up and become a Conscious Being. Everything you were ever taught is a lie by design. - JEWS WILL NEVER LET YOU FORGET THAT THEY ARE NOT WHITES, SO DON'T LET THEM BLAME SLAVERY ON WHITE AMERICANS. - The Slave Trade was solely a JEWISH GLOBALIST COMMUNIST SATANIC CABAL endeavor from start to finish. Now THEY are ready to enslave the entire world with their NEW WORLD ORDER agenda. - WHO BROUGHT THE SLAVES TO AMERICA? [1968] - WALTER WHITE JR. (FREE EBOOK) https://archive.org/details/WHITEWalterWhoBroughtTheSlavesToAmerica1968_201905 https://archive.org/details/WhoBroughtTheSlavesToAmerica_663 - THE JEWISH WORLD CHAMPIONS OF SLAVERY! [2020] - DR. DAVID DUKE https://www.bitchute.com/video/OiSoOfPUKDj9/ - FAIR USE FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES - Mirrored From: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/e5F5liENmCLt

Four prominent Democrats would perform significantly better than President Biden in key swing states if they replaced him as the party’s presumptive nominee, according to a memo from a Democratic-funded polling group. The BlueLabs draft memo, first acquired by Politico, found that “nearly every tested Democrat performs better than the President” in the swing states of Wisconsin, Michigan, Nevada, Arizona, Georgia, North Carolina and Pennsylvania.

Political jokes: too soon? The answer from many quarters at midweek was a resounding yes, days after an assassination attempt against Republican former president Donald Trump rattled the nation over political violence that has been brewing in the United States for decades. Several late-night shows that thrive on political comedy changed plans immediately, with Comedy Central’s “The Daily Show” canceling its Monday show and its plan to broadcast from the Republican National Convention in...

Bill O’Reilly sits down with Jon Stewart, despite their differing ideologies, to discuss his new book “Confronting the Presidents.” The two talk about political fanaticism following the assassination attempt against Donald Trump, whether we’re experiencing a unique time of polarization, the danger of monetizing anger and hate speech, and debating the real-life consequences of the 2024 election in good faith.

JD Vance represents something genuinely unusual for the MAGA movement: A national Republican who is deeply enmeshed with the elite world of the conservative intellectual movement — or what’s sometimes termed for convenience as “the New Right” or “the dissident right.” As Vance himself confessed earlier this year, he is “plugged into a lot of weird, right-wing subcultures.” His transition from Never-Trump conservative to MAGA firebrand was influenced by his relationships with a handful...