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10 Must-Visit Historic Villages in Portugal
Portugal’s deep-rooted history stretches from its medieval castles and Roman ruins to the Moorish fortifications that dot the landscape. Some of its most renowned historic sites include the stunning Convent of Christ in Tomar, the Roman Temple of Évora, and the Moorish Castle in Sintra, each echoing the country’s diverse heritage. However, if you’re eager to explore the hidden, ancient soul of this captivating European country, there’s no better way than to head to its timeless villages perched atop hills and tucked away in mountains. Here are ten must-visit historic villages in Portugal that promise a journey back in time.
1. Monsanto
Monsanto village, Portugal. Source: Wikimedia Commons
This historic village is located in central Portugal and is renowned for its unique architecture, where granite houses are built around massive boulders, giving it a strikingly unique look. Perched on a 758-meter hill, the village offers sweeping views over the surrounding countryside. Its roots reach back to the Paleolithic era, with Roman, Visigoth, and Moorish influences over time.
In 1165, King Afonso Henriques granted Monsanto to the Knights Templar, who added a hilltop castle that still stands. Named “the most Portuguese village in Portugal” in 1938, Monsanto’s winding, cobblestone paths, ancient castle ruins, and annual Festa das Cruzes draw visitors seeking a deep connection to the country’s heritage.
2. Sortelha
Sortelha village, Portugal. Source: Wikimedia Commons
Sortelha is one of Portugal’s oldest and best-preserved medieval villages, which you can find in the country’s Centro region. Established in the 12th century, it was granted a charter in 1228 by King Sancho II, who also ordered the construction of its castle. The village is encircled by well-preserved granite walls and features narrow cobblestone streets lined with traditional stone houses, reflecting its rich history.
When visiting Sortelha, you can explore the 13th-century castle, offering panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, and admire unique granite formations like the “Old Lady’s Head.”
The authentic medieval atmosphere and architectural heritage of Sortelha make it the perfect village to visit if you want to learn about the past of Portugal.
3. Castelo Rodrigo
Castelo Rodrigo village, Portugal. Source: Wikimedia Commons
Also located in the Centro region of Portugal, this ancient village is perched atop a hill, so obviously, it provides you with panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. The origins of Castelo Rodrigo date back to the 12th century, with significant developments during the reign of King Dinis, who fortified the village to protect against invasions. Encircled by medieval walls, the village features narrow cobblestone streets lined with traditional stone houses. So you can imagine the depth of history lying within this town.
Start by visiting the ruins of Cristóvão de Moura’s palace, the 16th-century pillory, and the medieval cistern. Also, the Church of Our Lady of Rocamador, with its statue of Saint James the Moor-slayer, is noteworthy.
4. Piódão
Piodao village, Portugal. Source: Wikimedia Commons
Nestled in Portugal’s Serra do Açor mountains, Piódão is famous for its distinctive schist houses with blue-painted windows and doors. Established in the Middle Ages, it served as a refuge due to its remote location, with legends suggesting it sheltered fugitives, including one of Inês de Castro’s assassins.
The labyrinthine cobblestone streets are what draw visitors the most to Piódão, in addition to the 17th-century Igreja Matriz with its white façade contrasting against the dark schist, and the nearby Foz d’Égua, known for its picturesque bridges and natural pools.
The tranquil setting and well-preserved architecture of Piódão will allow you to learn a lot about the rural heritage of Portugal.
5. Marialva
Marialva village, Portugal. Source: Wikimedia Commons
This charming hilltop village, found in Portugal’s Centro region, is filled with history and takes you back to the country’s medieval era. Its origins trace back to pre-Roman times, but its prominence grew during the 12th century under Portuguese rule, with its castle serving as a crucial defensive stronghold.
When visiting, make sure to check out the three main areas: the Citadel, now a preserved historic area within the castle walls; Arrabalde, where traditional stone houses line cobbled streets; and Devesa, an extension beyond the old fortress.
Within the Citadel, key sites include the 12th-century Marialva Castle, with panoramic views over the Côa Valley, and the Parish Church of Santiago, a 14th-century Gothic structure with well-preserved frescoes. Also notable are the 16th-century pillory and the ruins of the old jailhouse, reflecting Marialva’s medieval civic life.
6. Idanha-a-Velha
Idanha-a-Velha village, Portugal. Source: Wikimedia Commons
The Centro region of Portugal is indeed filled with historic villages, and this is why it also houses Idanha-a-Velha, whose origins trace back to the 1st century BC when it was established as Civitas Igaeditanorum by the Romans.
Over the centuries, it was occupied by Visigoths, who renamed it Egitânia, and later by Muslims, who called it Idânia.
Key sites include the impressive Roman walls and the Torre dos Templários, a tower built on the remains of a Roman temple, later repurposed by the Knights Templar.
The 4th-century Cathedral of Idanha considered one of the oldest in Portugal, offers insight into early Christian worship, while the 17th-century pillory and stone sarcophagi add layers to its medieval past. Visitors can also explore the Lagar de Varas, an ancient olive press, and the museum housed in a former Bishop’s Palace, which preserves Idanha-a-Velha’s legacy as a crossroads of history.
7. Monsaraz
Monsaraz village, Portugal. Source: Wikimedia Commons
Monsaraz is a hilltop village in Portugal’s Alentejo region and is a beautifully preserved medieval gem with roots tracing back to prehistoric times.
Overlooking the Guadiana River, Monsaraz was strategically significant, with influences from Romans, Visigoths, and Moors. In 1167, it was reclaimed from Moorish control by Geraldo Sem Pavor and later fortified by the Knights Templar under King Sancho II in 1232, leaving a castle that still dominates the skyline.
The village’s cobbled streets lead you through whitewashed houses to landmarks such as the Gothic-style Church of Nossa Senhora da Lagoa, with intricate Manueline elements, and the 14th-century Chapel of São João Baptista, known for its stunning frescoes. As for The Casa da Inquisição, or Inquisition House, it highlights darker chapters of Portuguese history. The medieval castle, with its sweeping views over the Alqueva Reservoir, Europe’s largest artificial lake, is a must-see.
8. Belmonte
Roman tower of Centum Cellas, Belmonte, Portugal. Source: Flickr
Also located in Portugal’s stunning Centro region, this historic village is perched on the slopes of the Serra da Estrela mountains and has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with Roman and medieval influences evident throughout. Belmonte is renowned as the birthplace of Pedro Álvares Cabral, the navigator who discovered Brazil in 1500.
A focal point of Belmonte is its 13th-century castle, which was later transformed into the residence of the Cabral family. When you reach Belmonte, start by exploring the castle’s ruins and enjoying the panoramic views it offers. Adjacent to the castle are the Church of Santiago and the Cabral Pantheon, housing the tombs of the Cabral family.
Belmonte is also notable for its enduring Jewish community, which survived the Inquisition by practicing their faith in secret. The Jewish Museum of Belmonte provides insights into this unique history, showcasing artifacts and narratives of the community’s resilience. The village’s well-preserved synagogue, Bet Eliahu, stands as a testament to this enduring heritage.
Other attractions include the Museum of the Discoveries, which allows you to learn about Portugal’s maritime history, and the Olive Oil Museum, which reflects the agricultural traditions in the region.
9. Almeida
The Gates of Almeida, Alameida village, Portugal. Source: Wikimedia Commons
Located in Portugal’s Centro region near the Spanish border, Almeida is renowned for its star-shaped fortress, a prime example of 17th-century military architecture. The village’s strategic importance is evident in its 12-pointed star fortifications, constructed during the reign of King Dinis in the 13th century and later enhanced in the 17th century.
You can explore the well-preserved walls, gates, and the historic center, which includes the Picadeiro d’El Rey, a former royal riding arena now serving as a cultural venue. The Military Museum offers insights into Almeida’s role in various conflicts, including the Peninsular War. Walking through Almeida’s cobblestone streets, visitors can admire traditional stone houses and the Church of Nossa Senhora das Candeias, where you can get a glimpse into the rich heritage of the village.
10. Linhares da Beira
Linhares da Beira village, Portugal. Source: Wikimedia Commons
Linhares da Beira, nestled on the western slopes of Portugal’s Serra da Estrela, is a medieval village that offers a rich tapestry of history and architecture. Established in the 12th century, it received its first charter from King Afonso Henriques in 1169. The village’s strategic importance is underscored by its imposing castle, constructed during the reign of King Dinis in the 13th century, which provided defense against invasions.
The well-preserved castle, which is a must-visit, provides you with panoramic views of the Mondego River Valley. The village’s narrow cobblestone streets are lined with traditional granite houses, many adorned with Manueline-style windows and Gothic doorways, which showcase its architectural heritage. Notable landmarks include the 16th-century Igreja da Misericórdia, known for its Renaissance features, and the Romanesque Igreja Matriz de Linhares da Beira.
Linhares da Beira is also recognized as a prime location for paragliding, attracting enthusiasts from around the world. The village’s rich history, architectural beauty, and scenic landscapes are all valid reasons to visit the beautiful Linhares da Beira.
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