Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Biology have produced intriguing evidence of how environmental factors and genetic adaptation can lead to the evolution of novel and aggressive traits and behaviors in nematodes.

Optimizing electrochemical reactions is essential for the transition to renewable energies. In electrochemical reactions‚ electric currents and potential differences are used to binding and induce reactions. Electrochemistry is a pre-requisite for hydrogen production‚ and for battery technology‚ and thus for sustainable chemistry.

Researchers have explained the mechanisms behind a counterintuitive phenomenon: Making a phase transition effective requires less energy if it is initiated by two pulses of light instead of just one. The energy needed to complete the phase transition has been reduced by 6% and could be further optimized. These results have the potential to be transferred to other materials‚ offering new avenues for precise material control and technological innovation.

While there';s no regulation in the U.S. for what';s in organic shampoos‚ they tend to contain ingredients perceived as safe or environmentally friendly. However‚ these ";clean"; shampoos separate and spoil faster than those made with synthetic stabilizers and preservatives. Now‚ researchers in ACS Sustainable Chemistry &;amp; Engineering demonstrate that a simple processspinning organic shampoo at high speedsimproved the final products'; shelf lives and ability to clean hair.

A study of oxygen molecules interacting with atomically thin layers of materials being developed as new generations of semiconductors could significantly improve control over the fabrication and applications of these two-dimensional (2D) materials.

In the early morning of 22 May 2021‚ a magnitude 7.4 quake rattled China';s remote Maduo County on the Tibetan Plateau. It was the most recent in a series of nine earthquakes with a magnitude of 7 or greater since 1997‚ and its surface rupture was twice as long as the global average for similarly sized quakes. The tremor occurred on the eastern part of the relatively immature left-lateral Jiangcuo fault system‚ which slips slowly‚ about 1 millimeter per year‚ and was unmapped before the quake.

When astronomers looked at a stellar pair at the heart of a stunning cloud of gas and dust‚ they were in for a surprise. Star pairs are typically very similar‚ like twins‚ but in HD 148937‚ one star appears younger and‚ unlike the other‚ is magnetic.

Picture in your mind a traditional ";landline"; telephone with a coiled cord connecting the handset to the phone. The coiled telephone cord and the DNA double helix that stores the genetic material in every cell in the body have one thing in common; they both supercoil‚ or coil about themselves‚ and tangle in ways that can be difficult to undo. In the case of DNA‚ if this overwinding is not dealt with‚ essential processes such as copying DNA and cell division grind to a halt. Fortunately‚ cells have an ingenious solution to carefully regulate DNA supercoiling.

Soil carbon usually refers only to the organic matter component of soils‚ known as soil organic carbon (SOC). However‚ soil carbon also has an inorganic component‚ known as soil inorganic carbon (SIC). Solid SIC‚ often calcium carbonate‚ tends to accumulate more in arid regions with infertile soils‚ which has led many to believe it is not important.

For years‚ scientists have been intrigued by how molecules move across surfaces. The process is critical to numerous applications‚ including catalysis and the manufacturing of nanoscale devices.