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The post Lyme Disease in Cats: Causes‚ Signs &; Treatments (Vet Answer) by Dr. Emma Chandley‚ BVetMed MRCVS (Vet) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it‚ but all of these articles were assigned‚ contracted and paid for‚ so they aren't considered public domain. However‚ we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article‚ then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com. Lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi. Animals and humans become infected via the bite of a tick. It is a common misconception that Lyme disease is caused by ticks‚ as ticks merely spread the disease. Lyme disease is mainly spread by Ixodes ticks. These commonly feed off deer and other wildlife such as rabbits and foxes. Lyme disease is very common in North America and affects all kinds of mammals‚ including humans. It is not very common in cats‚ but they can get infected too. What Is Lyme Disease in Cats? Lyme disease in cats is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi which is a bacterium and is transmitted by tick bites. Lyme disease is a debilitating disease that has effects on many different organs and systems in the body‚ including the joints‚ the nervous system‚ the heart‚ and the kidneys. There are at least four known types of tick that are believed to spread the disease. The most common of these ticks is the deer tick‚ also known as the black-legged tick. Cats become infected when an infected tick bites the cat. When the tick becomes attached to the cat‚ it takes between 1 and 2 days for the bacteria to be transmitted. They pass the bacteria on through their saliva. This is why it is always advised to quickly remove ticks seen attached. The risk of infection is highest when the ticks are seeking hosts—this is springtime for nymphs and spring and fall for adults. Once a cat has been bitten by an infected tick‚ it can take months for clinical signs to develop‚ and some cats may never show any clinical signs. Image Credit: thka‚ Shutterstock What Are the Signs of Lyme Disease in Cats? It is actually very rare for cats to display clinical signs when they are infected with Lyme disease. Common signs are generalized and non-specific and may include: Lameness Lethargy Increased sleeping time Loss of appetite Less interactive than usual Fever Stiffness of joints Swelling of joints If the disease has spread to organs in the body and has started to affect them‚ further clinical signs may be seen such as: Vomiting Diarrhea Weight loss Edema of the limbs Tremors Swollen abdomen Unlike humans and dogs‚ cats tend not to react when they are bitten at the bite sight. Dogs and humans often get a characteristic “bull’s eye” rash‚ but this is not commonly reported in cats. What Are the Causes of Lyme Disease in Cats? The cause of Lyme disease in cats is being bitten by a tick infected with Borrelia Burgdorferi. The tick must have latched onto the cat for 24–48 hours for the bacteria to be transmitted. The bacteria invade the body and replicate rapidly‚ migrating through the tissues and affecting multiple organs. Due to the fact they groom themselves regularly‚ cats often remove ticks while they are licking themselves. This usually occurs before the bacteria has had a chance to be transmitted to the cat from the tick. This may explain why Lyme disease is a lot less common in cats compared to other animals such as dogs. How Is Lyme Disease Diagnosed in Cats? Diagnosis of Lyme disease is usually based on clinical signs and history. Your vet is likely to rule out other causes of any clinical signs present first‚ as Lyme disease is not very common in cats. Your vet will speak to you first to get a full history‚ including any relevant travel history and whether your cat goes outdoors or not. They will examine your cat from head to tail and they may then decide to carry out blood tests and urinalysis. There is a specific blood test for Lyme disease that can be carried out‚ and other diagnostic tests can help your vet assess the severity of the disease. Frustratingly‚ cats may not test positive for Lyme disease for up to 8 weeks after a bite. Image Credit: Stock-Asso‚ Shutterstock How Do I Care for a Cat with Lyme Disease Cats that are diagnosed with Lyme disease should be given a course of antibiotics. The usual length of the course is 30 days‚ although some cats may require a long course of antibiotics—this depends on how severe the infection is. The antibiotic usually given to treat Lyme disease is doxycycline. This is very effective against the bacteria; however‚ it is not tolerated well by all cats. Some cats can develop esophageal strictures when given oral doxycycline as the tablet can get stuck. Your vet may offer your cat the liquid form or advise you to flush the tablet down your cat’s throat with water after giving them the tablet. As well as antibiotics‚ your vet may prescribe pain relief such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatories. This can be helpful for joint pain. Depending on how severe the infection is‚ they may also administer supportive care‚ for example‚ intravenous fluid therapy‚ and nutritional support. This all depends on what organs have been affected. Image Credit; Uryupina Nadezhda‚ Shutterstock Frequently Asked Questions Can cats survive Lyme disease? Lyme disease is very rare in cats. If your cat does become infected‚ and the infection is identified early‚ then the prognosis is good. Cats can make a full recovery with prompt administration of antibiotics if the disease is caught in the mild‚ early stages. If a cat gets the disease and for some reason‚ it goes unnoticed and untreated‚ then it will be more complicated to treat‚ and recovery will be longer. How serious is Lyme disease in cats? Lyme disease can be very serious in cats if it is left undiagnosed. If cats are infected‚ the disease can progress to cause lameness‚ lethargy‚ stiffness in limbs fatigue‚ breathing difficulties‚ and kidney problems amongst other things. On the other hand‚ some cats can be infected but show no clinical signs at all‚ so the severity of the disease does vary. Can cats pass Lyme disease onto humans? It is not possible for cats to pass Lyme disease directly onto humans. Your cat may‚ however‚ bring infected ticks into the home‚ and they can easily move from your cat to you. If they bite any humans in the house and they are infected with Borrelia burgdorferi‚ they will pass it on‚ and the humans can become infected. This is why it is so important to use tick prevention parasite treatment. Image Credit: Anna Kraynova‚ Shutterstock Conclusion Lyme disease is relatively rare in cats. It is caused by bacteria and spread by ticks. If caught early‚ it is straightforward to treat‚ and the prognosis is good. If the disease has been allowed to progress‚ it can develop into a debilitating condition and the prognosis is poorer. Common complications include long-term kidney damage and arthritis. It is a zoonotic disease so humans must be careful too. It is very important to keep up to date with tick prevention treatment‚ especially in areas where there are lots of ticks. Sources https://www.msdvetmanual.com/cat-owners/disorders-affecting-multiple-body-systems-of-cats/lyme-disease-lyme-borreliosis-in-cats#:~:text=Lyme%20disease%20occurs%20much%20more‚noticeable%20signs%2C%20despite%20being%20infected. https://www.msdvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/lyme-borreliosis/lyme-borreliosis-in-animals https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/diseases/index.html https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/index.html#:~:text=It%20is%20transmitted%20to%20humans‚heart%2C%20and%20the%20nervous%20system. https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/tickbornediseases/tick-bite-prophylaxis.html#:~:text=In%20areas%20that%20are%20highly‚a%20high%2Drisk%20tick%20bite. Featured Image Credit: anastasiya parfenyuk‚ Shutterstock The post Lyme Disease in Cats: Causes‚ Signs &; Treatments (Vet Answer) by Dr. Emma Chandley‚ BVetMed MRCVS (Vet) appeared first on Catster. Copying over entire articles infringes on copyright laws. You may not be aware of it‚ but all of these articles were assigned‚ contracted and paid for‚ so they aren't considered public domain. However‚ we appreciate that you like the article and would love it if you continued sharing just the first paragraph of an article‚ then linking out to the rest of the piece on Catster.com.

Acclaimed author Howard Waldrop passed away on January 15‚ 2024 in Austin‚ Texas at the age of 77 after complications from a stroke. Waldrop‚ who is recognized by many to be one of the best short story writers in SFF‚ was known for works including 1980’s “The Ugly Chickens‚” a story about how the dodo became extinct in the South‚ which won the Nebula and World Fantasy awards that year. Waldrop was born in Houston‚ Mississippi on September 15‚ 1946‚ but moved to Weatherford‚ Texas when he was four years old. He lived in Texas for most of his life‚ and was a founding member of the state’s Turkey City Writer’s Workshop‚ a program founded in 1973 that is seen as the locus for the cyberpunk subgenre. Waldrop’s first published genre work was “Lunchbox‚” which appeared in the May 1972 issue of Analog. His first novel was 1974’s The Texas-Israeli War: 1999‚ which he co-authored with Jake Saunders. That story took place in a post-World War III dystopian future where 90 percent of the population had been killed. Waldrop‚ however‚ is best known for his short fiction. In addition to “The Ugly Chickens‚” he’s also known for 1987’s “Night of the Cooters‚” which Vincent D’Onofrio adapted as a 2022 film short that he directed and starred in‚ with George R.R. Martin producing. In over 50 years he published more than 80 short stories‚ and had several collections published‚ including Strange Monsters of the Recent Past‚ Night of the Cooters: More Neat Stories‚ Horse of a Different Color: Stories and‚ most recently‚ 2023’s H’ard Starts: The Early Waldrop. In 2021‚ Waldrop received the World Fantasy Award for Lifetime Achievement. “Most people reading my writing think I’m like a buffoon‚ you know‚ blowing off my bazoo just by the writing‚” Waldrop said in a 2017 interview with The Austin Chronicle. “I don’t use it to hide‚ but people reading it can probably figure out what I’m about. But I don’t set out to do that. Most people write to show off. I write because I don’t know anything else.” The post Author Howard Waldrop Passes Away at Age 77 appeared first on Reactor.

Netflix’s adaptation of Jaroslav KalfaÅ™’s novel‚ Spaceman of Bohemia‚ is set to premiere with much fanfare in a little over a month. The movie stars Adam Sandler as the Czech astronaut Jakub‚ who during a six-month stint alone in space makes friends with an alien spider named HanuÅ¡ (voiced by Paul Dano) who helps him with his faltering marriage to Lenka (Carey Mulligan). The premise on the surface could be seen as funny‚ but the novel—and apparently the adaptation based on the trailer released today—is a heartrending tale that explores themes of love and family across the seemingly unending chasm of time and space. The movie comes to us from director Johan Renck‚ who also directed all five episodes of HBO’s limited series‚ Chernobyl‚ with a screenplay by Colby Day. In addition to Sandler‚ Dano‚ and Mulligan‚ the cast stars Kunal Nayyar‚ Lena Olin‚ and Isabella Rossellini. The casting is one of the most intriguing things about this adaptation. Sandler has already proved his drama chops in projects like Hustle and Uncut Gems‚ and it looks like Spaceman will see him in another dramatic role. Dano’s eerie voicing of HanuÅ¡ also stands out in the trailer. “Paul was the first thing that came up in thinking about [the creature]‚” Renck told TUDUM‚ a Netflix-run website. “He has this peculiar cadence when he’s speaking‚ his careful formulation of words‚ and his very unique voice.” KalfaÅ™ was consulted during the adaptation and spent several hours with Sandler via Zoom to answer his questions about Czech culture. The author is also pleased with how the movie version of his story came out. “I was completely blown away when I saw the film. I’ve seen it twice now‚” KalfaÅ™ told TUDUM. “I think all the people out there who love weird things and weird art will hopefully be delighted by it.” Spaceman will play in select theaters starting February 23‚ 2024‚ and will be available on Netflix starting March 1‚ 2024. The post Spaceman Trailer: Adam Sandler Is Sad in Space‚ So Paul Dano’s Spider Alien Will Help Him appeared first on Reactor.

We’ve known for years that a reboot of the Highlander franchise was one of the many projects that John Wick director Chad Stahelski had on his plate (other projects include an adaptation of Black Samurai and a live-action television show and an anime installment in the Wick universe). Highlander‚ however‚ will not only be the next project the filmmaker tackles after John Wick: Chapter 4—due to a new deal with Lionsgate‚ Stahelski will also be overseeing all projects in both the Wick and Highlander universes across television and film. According to The Hollywood Reporter‚ Stahelski has been developing a Highlander movie since 2016‚ and Henry Cavill has been attached to the reboot since 2021. The original 1986 film‚ of course‚ starred Christopher Lambert as the titular highlander (pictured above)‚ the 16th-century-born Connor MacLeod. Sean Connery and Clancy Brown also star as two other immortals‚ and the three battle over hundreds of years because there “can only be one” immortal who survives and wins… the Prize. After that first film‚ the franchise spawned three additional theatrical releases‚ one made-for-television movie‚ two live-action and one animated TV series‚ an animated television series‚ an anime film‚ comic books‚ and more. The franchise has been dormant in the film and television space‚ however‚ since 2007. “I am pleased to be able to grow my relationship with Lionsgate in this new oversight role for the John Wick universe and its further expansion‚” Stahelski said in a statement. “John Wick is so close to my heart and to be able to continue shepherding it will be a blast for me. I’m so happy to also be launching another franchise with Highlander‚ a world that is so rich with engaging stories to be told.” No news yet on when Stahelski’s Highlander will go into production. On the Wick front‚ however‚ we have the theatrical spin-off Ballerina coming out on June 7‚ 2024 and a potential fifth John Wick movie in the works as well.   The post John Wick Director Is Officially Tackling Highlander Next‚ With Henry Cavill On Board appeared first on Reactor.