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Our Milky Way bristles with giant molecular clouds birthing stars. Based on what we see here‚ astronomers assume that the process of star creation also goes on similarly in other galaxies. It makes sense since their stars have to form somehow. Now‚ thanks to JWST‚ astronomers have spotted baby stellar objects in a galaxy 2.7 million light-years away. That’s millions of light-years more distant than any previous observations of newly forming stars have reached. The targets of JWST’s observations are “young stellar objects” (YSOs) in the Triangulum Galaxy (M33). Astronomers used the telescope’s mid-infrared imager (MIRI) to study one section of one of M33’s spiral arms in the hunt for YSOs. They found 793 of these baby stars‚ hidden inside massive clouds of gas and dust. That’s an important discovery‚ signaling that the processes of star birth we know so well in our galaxy occur as we expect them to in others. About Young Stellar Objects To put this discovery into some kind of context‚ let’s take a look at young stellar objects in a bit more detail. Generally speaking‚ these are simply stars in the earliest phases of their evolution. Starbirth begins when materials in a giant molecular cloud start to “clump together” gravitationally. The densest part of the clump gets denser‚ temperatures rise‚ and eventually‚ it starts to glow. Young stellar objects can be protostars still sweeping up mass from their giant molecular clouds. They aren’t quite stars yet—that is‚ they haven’t ignited fusion in their cores. That won’t happen for maybe half a billion years (more or less‚ depending on mass). This image from Hubble Space Telescope‚ reveals a newly forming star within the Chamaeleon cloud in the Milky Way. This young star is throwing off narrow streams of gas from its poles — creating this ethereal object known as HH 909A. These structures are very common within star-forming regions like the Orion Nebula‚ or the Chameleon I molecular cloud. Once the infall of gas onto an infant stellar core finishes the object becomes a pre-main-sequence stellar object. It’s still not officially a star. That happens when fusion ignites inside the star. Then it becomes a main-sequence star. Generally‚ it has cleared much of its birth cloud away and that makes it easier to observe. Detecting Newly Forming Stars Stars in in the earliest stages of formation are hard to observe even in our galaxy. For one thing‚ their birth clouds hide these infant stars. That makes it very hard to detect them in visible light. But‚ once they’re warm enough to glow‚ they emit infrared radiation. Given the right instruments‚ astronomers can easily detect that light. Infrared light is a primary tool astronomers use to search for areas where stars are just starting to form. As they “grow up”‚ young stellar objects often emit jets of material. Those jets stand out in radio emissions‚ which can also be detected fairly easily. These baby stars also blow off material in outflows of material called bipolar flows. Astronomers detect these by looking for evidence of hot molecular hydrogen‚ or warm carbon monoxide molecules—again‚ in infrared wavelengths. Generally‚ these bipolar flows emanate from the very youngest objects less than 10‚000 years old. NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s high-resolution‚ near-infrared look at Herbig-Haro 211 reveals exquisite detail of the outflow of a newly forming young star‚ an infantile analog of our Sun. Image Credit: ESA/Webb‚ NASA‚ CSA‚ Tom Ray (Dublin) Many young stars have circumstellar disks around them. These are part of the cloud that formed the star and continue to feed material into it. Eventually‚ this disk becomes the site of planetary formation‚ which is why astronomers often refer to them as “protoplanetary disks” or “proplyds”. These disks get observed in visible and infrared light by a variety of ground-based and space-based observatories. All of these manifestations of star birth exist in our galaxy‚ particularly in the spiral arms‚ and astronomers have cataloged many of them. One of the best-known examples is the Orion Nebula. It hosts a number of these stellar infants‚ complete with protoplanetary disks‚ jets‚ and bipolar outflows. One particular object‚ called YSO 244-440‚ is part of the Orion Nebula Cluster‚ a grouping of very young stars. This stellar infant is still hidden in the circumstellar disk that gave it birth. Earlier in 2023‚ astronomers using the Very Large Telescope in Chile announced they’d observed a jet emanating from this object. Young stellar objects with circumstellar disk‚ as seen in the Orion Nebula by Hubble Space Telescope. These newly forming stars may one day also have planetary systems around them. In addition‚ astronomers used the Spitzer Space Telescope to observe these objects in the Large Magellanic Cloud‚ a satellite galaxy to the Milky Way. They’ve spotted at least a thousand YSO candidates in the Spitzer data‚ allowing them to trace the process of star birth outside our Milky Way. Finding Newly Forming Stars in Other Galaxies Astronomers want to understand the process of star formation in other galaxies because each one has a unique chemical environment and evolutionary history. Star formation helps fill in the story of galaxy evolution. That’s why it’s so important to look for YSOs in other galaxies. Until now‚ looking for infant stars beyond our immediate galactic neighborhood has been nearly impossible. Spotting them requires very high-resolution imaging and infrared detection capabilities to discern these baby stars from their birth clouds. As happens in the Milky Way‚ the cloud surrounding the young stars absorb their visible light emissions. Also‚ if you have a number of them in one cloud‚ distinguishing one from another can be impossible at great distances. Telescopes such as Spitzer‚ Herschel‚ and ground-based observatories don’t have the high-resolution capability to detect all YSOs beyond the Large Magellanic Cloud. This is where JWST comes in handy. It has high-resolution capability and is infrared-sensitive‚ which allows astronomers to study star-forming regions at greater distances. That’s why a team of observers used the telescope to look at the Triangulum Galaxy. It’s very similar to the Large Magellanic Cloud in terms of how many stars it makes‚ its metallicity‚ and its size. However‚ unlike the LMC‚ M33 has puffy spiral arms that are home to star birth regions in giant molecular clouds. So‚ it made a perfect target. The team used the MIRI instrument to look at a 5.5-kiloparsec-sized section of M33’s southern spiral arms. They used previously made HST observations to identify likely sites of YSOs in the arm. Then they focused JWST on those sites. The result is a whopping catalog of nearly 800 individual candidate YSOs that they then analyzed. A four-color image showing the MIRI data from JWST and HST data from the PHATTER survey. It shows the region of M33 where nearly 800 YSOs lie. Courtesy Peltonen‚ et al. Analyzing the YSOs in the Triangulum Galaxy After sorting the observations and classifying what they found‚ the astronomers came to some interesting conclusions about star formation in M33. They found that the most massive giant molecular clouds there host a great many young stellar object candidates. The numbers are about similar to what’s seen in similar clouds in the Milky Way. The spiral arm they studied seems to have a very efficient star-formation mechanism‚ which isn’t necessarily correlated with the mass of the giant molecular clouds there. They’re still trying to figure out why the spiral arm is such a star-formation engine. It’s possible that even with JWST‚ we aren’t seeing into the earliest phases of star formation in that section of the Triangulum galaxy spiral arm. It’s also likely that M33’s spiral arms (which are described as “flocculent”) are different in several ways from the spiral arms of the Milky Way (for example). Flocculence could be caused by multiple episodes of star formation that affect the structure of the gas and dust clouds inside. Our own galaxy’s spiral arms are quite well-defined and certainly less flocculent than M33’s. That could point to an evolutionary change that takes place as a galaxy continues its star-forming activities. The astronomers also suggest that the region between spiral arms that they studied in M33 isn’t as efficient when it comes to star production. Since this is a “first look” at star formation in a distant galaxy‚ astronomers will be using those observations to model what they think is happening in M33. Eventually‚ they should be able to use what they learn to make some very accurate estimates of just how much star formation is happening in the region they studied. Finally‚ they should be able to extrapolate that star formation rate to other arms in M33. That should give them much-needed insight into that galaxy’s evolutionary state and history. For More Information JWST Reveals Star Formation Across a Spiral Arm in M33A Spectacular Jet from the Bright 244-440 Orion proplyd: The MUSE NFM ViewCircumstellar DiscSpitzer Sage Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud. III. Star Formation and ~1000 New Candidate Young Stellar Objects The post JWST Sets a New Record‚ Sees Newly Forming Stars in the Triangulum Galaxy appeared first on Universe Today.

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36-year-old suspect Steven Hutcherson has a long list of prior arrests‚ but Democrat DA refuses to keep him behind bars. An unhinged man stabbed two teen girls at a Grand Central Terminal restaurant on Christmas Day‚ shouting that he wanted “all white people dead.” The incident unfolded Monday as the two girls from South America were enjoying a Christmas meal with their parents‚ when black 36-year-old suspect Steven Hutcherson reportedly yelled‚ “I want all white people dead‚” and‚ “I want to sit next to the crackers.” The New York Post reported on the stabbing and the circumstances that led up to the incident: He then allegedly lunged at the unsuspecting teens‚ plunging a knife into the 16-year-old’s back‚ nicking her lungs‚ and stabbing the younger girl in the thigh‚ police and a law enforcement source said.Hutcherson — who cops and sources said has a slew of prior arrests and a history of mental health issues — had allegedly popped up at the restaurant and said he wanted a table but wasn’t going to order anything‚ staffers told The Post.Survival Shield X-2 is now 25% OFF! Treat your body with super high-quality nascent iodine &; enjoy one of nature's greatest essentials!When he was still refused‚ he allegedly became irate and pointed to the victims’ family‚ arguing that they weren’t eating anything at the time — then went off‚ grabbed a knife and attacked the girls‚ the staffers said.Nearby transit police officers rushed over in less than a minute and Hutcherson dropped the knife as soon as they arrived‚ the MTA [Metropolitan Transportation Authority] said. The stabbing caused chaos inside the terminal with one MTA employee describing‚ “Everyone was just running.” The man was arrested and charged with attempted murder‚ criminal possession of a weapon‚ assault‚ and endangering the welfare of a child. The two girls who were visiting with their family from Paraguay were transported to the hospital with non-life threatening injuries. Many online wondered if Hutcherson would be charged with a hate crime. Has Steven Hutcherson‚ the 36-year-old black man who screeched "I want all the white people dead” and “I want to sit next to the crackers” prior to stabbing two white teenage girls on Christmas Day been charged with a hate crime yet? https://t.co/EwNxAPgF4T pic.twitter.com/n8yhahOdwf— Southern Man (@MagicBelle1) December 27‚ 2023 Has Steven Hutcherson‚ the 36-year-old black man who screeched "I want all the white people dead” and “I want to sit next to the crackers” prior to stabbing two white teenage girls on Christmas Day been charged with a hate crime yet? https://t.co/EwNxAPgF4T pic.twitter.com/n8yhahOdwf— Southern Man (@MagicBelle1) December 27‚ 2023 A 14 and 16 year old girl visiting from South America were both stabbed in Grand Central Station by Steven Hutcherson after he screamed “I want all white people dead. I want to set next to the crackers.” Picture of Hutcherson on video. Don’t you believe this qualifies as a hate… pic.twitter.com/9p8dtp323h— • á—°ISᑕᕼIá—´á–´ â„¢ • (@4Mischief) December 26‚ 2023 As it turns out‚ Hutcherson is a recidivist who has a long list of prior arrests. He was last arrested on Nov. 7 when he threatened to shoot a man in the Bronx‚ saying‚ “I’m gonna shoot you. I don’t care what kind of green card the government gave you‚” and‚ “Open your mouth and say something. I will shoot you right now.” Despite being charged with criminal possession of a weapon‚ menacing‚ harassment and assault‚ Hutcherson pled guilty to lesser crimes and was granted a conditional discharge‚ serving no jail time. The victim in that case‚ Yussif Abdullahi‚ criticized the Democrat District Attorney’s office for letting Hutcherson off easy. “They shouldn’t have let him out [of jail]. I don’t believe it‚” Abdullahi told The Post. An anonymous law enforcement source also said the two teen girls’ stabbings could have been prevented if Hutcherson had been kept in jail. “DAs are chopping all the charges down. Judges are letting him go‚” the source said‚ adding‚ “Now we’ve got two teenagers who were stabbed.” The New York Post has more on Hutcherson’s long list of crimes just this year: Hutcherson has 17 prior arrests on his rap sheet‚ sources said. He also has been classified as an “emotionally disturbed person” in prior brushes with police‚ according to the law enforcement sources.[…]Hutcherson’s arrest last month followed his Oct. 27 sentencing to 15 days in jail in an earlier case from this summer‚ also in the Bronx‚ the DA’s Office said.It’s not clear how much of the 15 days Hutcherson actually served.That case stemmed from a July 24 arrest‚ for which he had been charged with resisting arrest‚ according to court records.Police sources said he walked into the 44th Precinct stationhouse acting belligerent and that cops found a dagger and a switchblade when they arrested him after escorting him out.He later pleaded guilty to misdemeanor weapon possession charges.Hutcherson was also arrested on Oct. 2 and charged with smashing a display case at the Bergdorf Goodman department store in Manhattan‚ causing $81‚000 in damage‚ according to a criminal complaint.Manhattan prosecutors said he was initially ordered held on $3‚000 bail in that case and pleaded guilty to second-degree menacing on Oct. 12 for which he was also sentenced to 15 days in jail.Sources said Hutcherson also had two recent incidents in which police were called over reports of erratic behavior in the Bronx — screaming on a street in Mt. Hope on Nov. 23 and a Sept. 11 dispute at the 176th Street subway station‚ during which he was stabbed. Will the DA’s office learn from their mistake and actually incarcerate the repeat offender? Or will he be let off the hook to resume his crime spree?

“A CIA whistleblower has made serious allegations that the agency bought off employees of the agency to further obstruct efforts to get to the truth of the virus’s origins‚" lawsuit claims. The CIA is being accused of hiding records that show it took bribes to conceal the origins of COVID-19 during the plandemic. The Heritage Foundation Oversight Project filed a lawsuit against the CIA last week alleging the agency didn’t comply with a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request related to its investigation of the coronavirus lab leak theory. The request was made after a CIA whistleblower came forward to members of Congress alleging CIA analysts “received monetary incentives to change their position on the origins of the virus.” “The Biden Administration has refused to be transparent with Congress and the American people over the origins of COVID-19‚” said Kyle Brosnan‚ chief counsel for the Oversight Project. “A CIA whistleblower has made serious allegations that the agency bought off employees of the agency to further obstruct efforts to get to the truth of the virus’s origins. This obstruction cannot stand and we’re fighting in federal court to get to the bottom of this.”VasoBeet is now 40% OFF! This beetroot-based supplement was created to provide you with all the benefits of this nutrient-dense vegetable in one easy dose! The lawsuit explains the CIA’s “COVID Discovery Team” received bribes to bury their findings about the origins of COVID-19. “This is an action under the Freedom of Information Act (‘FOIA’)‚ 5 U.S.C. § 552‚ to compel production of CIA records relating to allegations that members of the CIA’s COVID Discovery Team‚ a group of employees tasked with analyzing the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic‚ received monetary incentives to change their position on the origins of the virus‚” the complaint read. In response to the whistleblower’s allegations‚ COVID Select Subcommittee Chairman Brad Wenstrup (R-Ohio) and Rep. Mike Turner (R-Ohio)‚ Chairman of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence‚ wrote a letter to CIA Director William Burns in September demanding answers. A multi-decade‚ senior-level‚ current Agency officer has come forward to provide information to the Committees regarding the Agency’s analysis into the origins of COVID-19. According to the whistleblower‚ the Agency assigned seven officers to a COVID Discovery Team (Team). The Team consisted of multi-disciplinary and experienced officers with significant scientific expertise. According to the whistleblower‚ at the end of its review‚ six of the seven members of the Team believed the intelligence and science were sufficient to make a low confidence assessment that COVID-19 originated from a laboratory in Wuhan‚ China. The seventh member of the Team‚ who also happened to be the most senior‚ was the lone officer to believe COVID-19 originated through zoonosis. The whistleblower further contends that to come to the eventual public determination of uncertainty‚ the other six members were given a significant monetary incentive to change their position. The entire intelligence community‚ including the CIA and FBI‚ claimed in a 10-page report in June that SARS-CoV-2 was NOT genetically engineered‚ but admitted that “genetic engineering” was taking place at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV) that raised “biosafety concerns.” That risky gain-of-function research at the WIV was funded with $2 million of U.S. taxpayer money with grants provided by the National Institutes of Health‚ including Dr. Anthony Fauci’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases‚ according to a Government Accountability Office report. Read the lawsuit: Follow Jamie White on X | Truth | Gab | Gettr | Minds