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Science Explorer
Science Explorer
2 yrs

Death Isn’t A Single Moment‚ So What Happens When You Die?
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www.iflscience.com

Death Isn’t A Single Moment‚ So What Happens When You Die?

Death is a natural and necessary part of life. As Chris Packham explained in Earth‚ even extinction has its upsides as it clears the way for new life. However‚ having a bunch of corpses lying around is a nightmare for disease spread‚ but fortunately life… uh… found a way‚ to take care of all the gooey stuff.Lecturer in Forensics at the University of Kent Dr Devin Finaughty calls this the decomposition ecosystem. It’s a sophisticated series of processes that takes a body and breaks it down until all that’s left is a skeleton‚ a process known as skeletonization. Before we reach the neat‚ and crucially‚ non-contagious skeleton‚ there are all kinds of tissues that have to be taken care of. In an interview with IFLScience for CURIOUS Live‚ a virtual event connected to our e-magazine CURIOUS‚ Finaughty walked us through those processes. But a curious point he also raised is that death itself is not a single moment. What happens when you die?Dr Devin Finaughty: Decomposition starts really soon after death‚ and one thing I just want to clarify is that death is not like a single moment. It is a cascade of reactions and processes that happens over time. What will typically happen is that the individual will lose consciousness and then they will proceed towards suppression of breathing and heart rate‚ at which point that will stop. Or they might lose consciousness as a result of those two processes stopping. Either way‚ that is what we term clinical death. So‚ that's the death that you can be brought back from‚ you can be revived multiple times if necessary. The problem is‚ once your heart stops pumping‚ once oxygen has stopped circulating‚ your cells only have so much oxygen available to produce their energy source‚ which is known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Once the cell runs out of oxygen to produce ATP‚ it can go into anaerobic respiration and produce ATP that way. The problem with that is that it's a very energy-inefficient process‚ and it generates lactic acid as a by-product. So‚ there's a limited period of time‚ and anyone who's gotten a major cramp whilst doing exercise knows all about this. Once the cell runs out of ATP‚ its cellular transport mechanism has stopped working‚ which means that it can no longer exchange with its extracellular environment. That means that the internal conditions in the cell start to deteriorate‚ it becomes more acidic‚ that acidity starts to dissolve the lysosome within the cell‚ and once the lysosome wall breaks open‚ all of the enzymes and lysosomes that are inside it come out‚ and they start damaging the cell.  Eventually‚ the cell will just rupture and this is a process known as necrosis and it's distinct from apoptosis‚ which is programmed cell death. That’s because apoptosis is technically reversible‚ whereas necrosis (or autolysis‚ as we would term it)‚ is a non-reversible process. The problem then is that the cell spills out all of these toxins and lysosomes and things into the extracellular environment and that starts damaging the adjacent cells‚ which are also experiencing the same kind of internal stress. So‚ you get this cascade of cellular death. It happens first in the tissues that have the highest oxygen‚ and the highest water content. So‚ your brain‚ stomach‚ your lungs‚ that kind of thing. Your brain would be the first one to really stop working because it takes 20 percent of the glucose that our bodies require. It’s very‚ very energy-demanding.That takes about four minutes‚ so from the time that your heart stops beating‚ you've got about four minutes until the brain cells start to die and that process is also irreversible. Once a sufficient quantity of brain cells have died‚ that is when you will experience brain death. Even bacteria‚ flies‚ and maggots can’t get rid of keratin. For that‚ you need carpet beetles.Image credit: Levente Nuber / Shutterstock.comOther parts of your body will persist and they can persist for quite a long time‚ surprisingly‚ but once you lose the neural control‚ the whole system that is working against equilibrium fails. And that‚ from a chemical perspective‚ is what death really is. It is a failure of our biological systems that prevents a return to chemical equilibrium‚ and everything that then proceeds from that point onwards is typified to an extent by return to equilibrium with the exception where you've got all these biotic agents acting on the body. That’s because once all of that stops working‚ your immune system stops working‚ and because your immune system stops working‚ the bacteria that are intrinsic to our guts‚ which outnumber our cells 20-to-one‚ they are no longer constrained. So‚ they have a massive food bonanza and will start to consume everything. They'll go through the lining of your gastrointestinal system and into your bloodstream and start to spread out throughout the body. They will start to metabolise substrates in your body‚ starting off with the sugars that are on the surface of our cells and that are being leached out of the cells.Then they'll proceed towards more complex carbohydrates and fats. That is truly the start of decomposition and their metabolism produces a range of by-products called volatile organic compounds‚ which is what we smell as death. Anyone who has smelled a dead body‚ not necessarily a human body‚ but anything dead that starts to go off‚ [that smell is] volatile organic compounds‚ and there about 400 to 500 of them that we've identified from humans so far‚ and that's what brings insects in. Want to find out what happens next? Check out the full interview on YouTube.
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Science Explorer
Science Explorer
2 yrs

What Is Iridium And Is It More Expensive Than Gold?
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What Is Iridium And Is It More Expensive Than Gold?

There are quite a few examples of materials on Earth more expensive than gold. From glittering diamonds to shiny rhodium‚ the world’s precious natural resources can fetch high prices. But what about iridium?What is iridium?Iridium is a chemical element that has the atomic number 77 and is classed as a transition metal. Iridium is solid at room temperature. The name Iridium is said to come from the Greek word Iris meaning rainbow which represents the strongly colored compounds rather than the metal itself according to the Royal Society of Chemistry.  Like gold‚ iridium is pretty unreactive and has a very high density and melting point. In fact‚ iridium is the most corrosion-resistant element within the Periodic Table. Iridium sits in the middle of the transition metals - number 77.Image Credit: Sandbh via Wikimedia Commons CC BY 4.0Who discovered iridium?English chemist Smithson Tennant is the person most credited with discovering the element – however many people‚ including French chemists H.V. Collet-Descotils‚ A.F. Fourcroy‚ and N.L. Vauquelin are likely to have come across iridium roughly around 1803 in platinum ores‚ reports LiveScience. The metal was found by dissolving platinum in aqua regia‚ a mixture of very strong acids. What is iridium used for?Given the high density of this metal‚ the rare pure form of iridium is rarely used – indeed‚ the rare form might not even exist in nature. Most iridium-containing ores only contain a small percentage of iridium and can be found in South Africa‚ Alaska‚ Brazil‚ Myanmar‚ and Russia. Instead‚ the material is combined with platinum to create alloys that are typically 5-10 percent iridium. These alloys are then used for jewelry‚ the points of pens‚ surgical metals‚ and electrical contacts according to Britannica. How expensive is iridium?At the time of writing‚ Iridium is $4‚500 an ounce‚ whereas gold is roughly $2‚082 an ounce. Time to check those ballpoint pens! All “explainer” articles are confirmed by fact checkers to be correct at time of publishing. Text‚ images‚ and links may be edited‚ removed‚ or added to at a later date to keep information current.  
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Science Explorer
Science Explorer
2 yrs

Moon Landings‚ Supersonic Breakthroughs‚ And Missions To Europa: 2024 Will Be A Leap Into The Future
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www.iflscience.com

Moon Landings‚ Supersonic Breakthroughs‚ And Missions To Europa: 2024 Will Be A Leap Into The Future

If you're not excited about 2024 yet‚ this video is certain to fill you with optimism and inspiration for the coming year. NASA has shared a video outlining the space exploration missions they have in store for 2024 – and oh man‚ it’s going to be an action-packed year. There will be the launch of bold new missions to explore the Moon‚ such as VIPER‚ a rover that will search the lunar surface for ice‚ water‚ and other potential resources. There’s also the ongoing Artemis Missions‚ which will pave the way towards humans returning to the Moon after 2024. Further afield‚ NASA is planning to launch the Europa Clipper mission‚ a valiant effort to explore Jupiter’s Moon Europa‚ a possible habitat for extraterrestrial life. Back home on Earth‚ don’t forget there will also be a Total Eclipse across North America.        These are just a small snippet of the missions NASA has set for 2024‚ not to mention those carried out by the European Space Agency‚ JAXA‚ China National Space Administration‚ and others. Check out the full reel of planned missions in the video player above.Here's to 2024‚ onward and upward. 
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Pet Life
Pet Life
2 yrs

Kind man rescues an abandoned egg and becomes ‘swan dad’ for life
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animalchannel.co

Kind man rescues an abandoned egg and becomes ‘swan dad’ for life

There’s something truly magical about the unexpected friendships that blossom between humans and animals. Take this enchanting story‚ for instance‚ where a man’s life is forever transformed by a tiny egg he rescues after a tosrm‚ which eventually becomes a magnificent swan. This touching tale shows the deep connections that can form across species. Imagine... The post Kind man rescues an abandoned egg and becomes ‘swan dad’ for life appeared first on Animal Channel.
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Pet Life
Pet Life
2 yrs

Dog sees cat best buddy getting in fight and his hilarious ‘rescue’ melts hearts
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animalchannel.co

Dog sees cat best buddy getting in fight and his hilarious ‘rescue’ melts hearts

We often think of our loyal friends as those who stand by us through thick and thin. But did you know‚ animals too have each other’s backs in times of need? Their instincts guide them‚ knowing exactly when to step in or step back. It’s a common belief that dogs and cats are natural enemies.... The post Dog sees cat best buddy getting in fight and his hilarious ‘rescue’ melts hearts appeared first on Animal Channel.
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Pet Life
Pet Life
2 yrs

Farmers thought brown cow they rescued is “like any other” until it didn’t stop growing
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animalchannel.co

Farmers thought brown cow they rescued is “like any other” until it didn’t stop growing

In the picturesque New England countryside‚ there’s a gentle giant named Tommy‚ a colossal Brown Swiss steer. Originating from the Alps‚ Tommy’s breed is known for being the heavyweights of the dairy world‚ and he’s living up to that reputation in style. Tommy’s journey began when Fred‚ a farmer with a talent for raising calves‚... The post Farmers thought brown cow they rescued is “like any other” until it didn’t stop growing appeared first on Animal Channel.
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NewsBusters Feed
NewsBusters Feed
2 yrs

Biden Tells Slavish Media to Praise Bidenomics
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Biden Tells Slavish Media to Praise Bidenomics

When a reporter lobbed a softball at President Joe Biden‚ the president took the opportunity to demand further adulation from the media.  Biden on Dec. 23 fielded a question about how he feels about the economy in 2024‚ telling a reporter‚  “All good‚ take a look‚ start reporting it the right way.” The president‚ clearly unsatisfied with the slavish coverage of his presidency from legacy media outlets‚ called for help from his allies at NBC‚ ABC‚ CBS‚ CNN‚ MSNBC‚ The New York Times and The Washington Post‚ as if these outlets haven’t been spinning the news for Biden already.  Since the president chose to overlook the media’s zealous work on his behalf‚ here is a small collection of moments when the media tried to paint a brighter economic picture of the Biden presidency. For example‚ in June The Washington Post put out an article carrying water for the president‚ noting that the president and his staff “have long been frustrated that the president is not getting more credit for an economy that by many measures is thriving.”  Not to be outdone‚ CNN provided overwhelmingly positive coverage of the Biden economy or “‘Bidenomics‚’” frequently giving voice to concerns that voters didn’t properly appreciate how good the economy was.  Several other media outlets have featured articles blaming an ungrateful American public for Biden’s terrible economy. This includes a New York Times column by Paul Krugman‚ who whitewashed Biden’s economy while criticizing Americans for their low opinion of Bidenomics.  From the left coast‚ a Los Angeles Times columnist Doyle McManus also weighed in to defend Biden’s economy and scourge American voters for failing to appreciate it. McManus wrote‚  “The challenge for Biden and his campaign strategists is how to persuade unhappy voters not only that better times are ahead‚ but that he deserves some credit.” McManus put the focus not on struggling Americans‚ but on the complete mystery of how Biden cannot sell what McManus called a “freakishly good” economy to an ungrateful public.  Earlier this year‚ Michael LaRosa‚ former Press Secretary to First Lady Jill Biden‚ wrote an op-ed titled “Biden should stop focusing on the economy.” Mr. President‚ the press can’t make the public see what isn’t there.  Conservatives are under attack! Contact CNN at 404-827-1500 and demand the outlet tell the truth about how terrible Bidenomics has been for the U.S. economy.
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NewsBusters Feed
NewsBusters Feed
2 yrs

Not So Fast: Biden Signs NDAA Calling Out NewsGuard … Then Issues Disclaimer
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www.newsbusters.org

Not So Fast: Biden Signs NDAA Calling Out NewsGuard … Then Issues Disclaimer

President Joe Biden signed on Friday the 2024 National Defense Authorization Act‚ which included a pro-free speech provision effectively prohibiting the Department of Defense from contracting with radical leftist entities that discriminate against right-leaning media. Hours later‚ however‚ Biden invoked a George Soros-tied Supreme Court case to hint at his potential rebellion against the provision he just signed into law. “While I am pleased to support the critical objectives of the NDAA‚ I note that certain provisions of the Act raise concerns‚” Biden whined‚ drawing attention to Section 1555(a) of the NDAA. Specifically‚ the provision prohibits the Pentagon from doing business with NewsGuard‚ the infamous Internet traffic cop‚ and the Global Disinformation Index‚ the blacklisting rag‚ among others who would use taxpayer dollars to censor. You May Also Like: Clock Is Ticking! NDAA Calling Out NewsGuard Awaits Biden Signature Biden claimed the Pentagon “will comply with this provision by requiring recipients of such contracts to certify that they will not place the Department’s advertisements based on the enumerated grounds.” But here’s the caveat. Biden cunningly warned that the Pentagon will also comply with the “First Amendment‚” claiming that the government cannot force entities — in this case‚ NewsGuard and GDI — to adopt a specific ideological belief.  Most strikingly‚ Biden cited a distantly analogous and readily distinguishable case brought by the Soros-funded Alliance for Open Society International to defend his take. The Court held in that case that the federal government “may not use funding and the threat of the loss of funding as a method for the regulation of speech and policies of non-governmental organizations.” MRC Free Speech America Vice President Dan Schneider torched Biden’s pledge to usurp the pro-free speech provision by citing “one of the biggest censors” in the world as “his get out of jail card.”  Schneider said‚ "The U.S. Constitution prohibits the government from censoring political speech; likewise government cannot collude with private companies to violate the First Amendment. Several courts already rebuked and ordered him to stop colluding with Big Tech. Congress has also stepped in to pass a law to force Biden to comply with the Constitution. It appears nothing will deter Biden from using government to silence his political opponents.” Biden hinted that it will continue to instruct advertising firms to place ads on left-wing media outlets. The president’s opposition to the provision came after Senate Democrats pushed back on the original language of the prohibition‚ which explicitly barred the Pentagon from funding and doing business with NewsGuard. Both NewsGuard and GDI have blatantly discriminated against right-leaning media and those who dare to oppose the Biden administration’s approved talking points. However‚ the NDAA specifically declared that the Pentagon cannot “place advertisements in news sources based on institutional political preferences or biases‚ or determinations of misinformation.” Related: EXCLUSIVE: Rep. McCormick Champions Push to End Dystopian Censorship Industrial Complex‚ Touts MRC Conservatives are under attack. Contact your representatives and demand that Big Tech be held to account to mirror the First Amendment while providing transparency‚ clarity on hate speech and equal footing for conservatives. If you have been censored‚ contact us using CensorTrack’s contact form‚ and help us hold Big Tech accountable.
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NewsBusters Feed
NewsBusters Feed
2 yrs

New York Times Publishes Anti-Israel Rant by Hamas-Stooge Mayor of Gaza City
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New York Times Publishes Anti-Israel Rant by Hamas-Stooge Mayor of Gaza City

The most obvious retort to people who forced out New York Times editorial page editor James Bennet for publishing an op-ed by Republican Sen. Tom Cotton was the parade of Times op-eds by dictators and terrorists. Remember "What We‚ The Taliban‚ Want"? Now it’s happened again.  The Times ran an op-ed Sunday (on Christmas Eve!) by Hamas’s handpicked Gaza City mayor — prompting outrage on social media from Israel supporters. Gaza City hasn't had an election in 18 years. The essay by Yahya R. Sarraj was titled “I Am Gaza City’s Mayor. Our Lives and Culture Are in Rubble.” The Times made him sound like a respectable academic‚ not a Hamas stooge: “Dr. Sarraj is the mayor of Gaza City and a former rector of the University College of Applied Sciences there.” Israel was scorched‚ and naturally‚ there was almost no mention of October 7‚ no mention of hostages held: The Israeli invasion has caused the deaths of more than 20‚000 people‚ according to the Gaza Health Ministry‚ and destroyed or damaged about half the buildings in the territory. The Israelis have also pulverized something else: Gaza City’s cultural riches and municipal institutions. The unrelenting destruction of Gaza — its iconic symbols‚ its beautiful seafront‚ its libraries and archives and whatever economic prosperity it had — has broken my heart. Sarraj noted he was appointed (by terrorists): "One of my major goals after the Hamas administration appointed me mayor in 2019 was to improve the city’s seafront and foster the opening of small businesses along it to create jobs." But the Times allows him to pose as Mr. Nonviolence:  The Gaza Zoo has been destroyed‚ with many of its animals killed or starved to death‚ including wolves‚ hyenas‚ birds and rare foxes.... Why did the Israeli tanks destroy so many trees‚ electricity poles‚ cars and water mains? Why would Israel hit a U.N. school? The obliteration of our way of life in Gaza is indescribable. I still feel I am in a nightmare because I can’t imagine how any sane person could engage in such a horrific campaign of destruction and death....I call on the world’s municipalities — everyone — to pressure world leaders to stop this mindless destruction. "Mindless destruction" is a more appropriate term for Hamas slaughtering whole families in the kibbutzes and mowing down young people attending a concert for peace. Sarraj concluded by attempting to play on geopolitical naivete: "Why can’t Palestinians be treated equally‚ like Israelis and all other peoples in the world? Why can’t we live in peace and have open borders and free trade?" Did the war Hamas brought out of Gaza look like an argument for "open borders"? The New York Times doesn't care if these articles make sense. They only want to demonstrate the range of opinion they'll publish....where Republicans are too offensive‚ and Hamas and the Taliban are granted a platform. 
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Let's Get Cooking
Let's Get Cooking
2 yrs

PINEAPPLE UPSIDE DOWN CAKE
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thesouthernladycooks.com

PINEAPPLE UPSIDE DOWN CAKE

Pineapple Upside Down Cake is a classic that never goes out of style! Perfect to enjoy with friends and family and always a hit. Pineapple upside-down cake is an old-fashioned classic that has been around as long as I can remember. My mother made this cake for every picnic‚ potluck or gathering and it was...
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