Ancient Mars is believed to have been a wet world. Possibly it was a cold world‚ with frosts and floods‚ rather than a tropical paradise. It might have had a denser carbon dioxide atmosphere too‚ and the composition of that atmosphere is now being called into question. That's because chemical elements suggest that it could have been more Earth-like than was ever thought possible.The findings come from NASA’s Curiosity‚ which is investigating Gale Crater‚ the site of an ancient lake. Researchers reported a higher-than-expected level of manganese oxide in the sediment rocks. All scenarios investigated by the team require a strong oxidizing environment. Was the primitive atmosphere of Mars richer in oxygen&;#63; And if so‚ how&;#63;&;quot;It is difficult for manganese oxide to form on the surface of Mars‚ so we didn't expect to find it in such high concentrations in a shoreline deposit‚&;quot; lead author Patrick Gasda‚ of Los Alamos National Laboratory's Space Science and Applications group‚ said in a statement. &;quot;On Earth‚ these types of deposits happen all the time because of the high oxygen in our atmosphere produced by photosynthetic life‚ and from microbes that help catalyze those manganese oxidation reactions.&;quot;&;quot;On Mars‚ we don't have evidence for life‚ and the mechanism to produce oxygen in Mars's ancient atmosphere is unclear‚ so how the manganese oxide was formed and concentrated here is really puzzling. These findings point to larger processes occurring in the Martian atmosphere or surface water and shows that more work needs to be done to understand oxidation on Mars‚&;quot; Gasda added.Obviously‚ we can’t assume it was life that produced the oxygen‚ and that the oxygen created this chemical compound and then disappeared over eons. But something must have oxidized the manganese and the iron found by Curiosity‚ so a process must have existed. Even if no life form was involved in it.The compounds might have simply formed on the lake shore from lake water. It might have formed from groundwater moving through the sands‚ or it might have been altered by groundwater after it was already in place. But there’s still a need to oxidize those metals. Observations from Curiosity’s ChemCam tell us as much.&;quot;The Gale lake environment‚ as revealed by these ancient rocks‚ gives us a window into a habitable environment that looks surprisingly similar to places on Earth today‚&;quot; said Nina Lanza‚ principal investigator for the ChemCam instrument. &;quot;Manganese minerals are common in the shallow‚ oxic waters found on lake shores on Earth‚ and it's remarkable to find such recognizable features on ancient Mars.&;quot;The study is published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets.

Animal smarts can be pretty impressive. From the frankly terrifying hunting strategies of orcas‚ to cats clever enough to solve cognitive puzzles‚ and even fish able to count‚ the creatures of planet Earth can surely give some humans a run for their money. But which species has the biggest brain – and is a big brain related to a high IQ&;#63;The undisputed winner of the biggest brain of any animal species is the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus)‚ with a brain weighing up to around 9 kilograms (20 pounds). Having such a big brain doesn’t necessarily come with a high level of intelligence‚ though a 2021 study did find that in the early days of whale hunting‚ the success rate of whale harpooning dropped by almost 60 percent. This suggests that perhaps either the whales were learning how to avoid the hunters‚ or that they were able to pass information across to their friends‚ crediting them more communication skills and intelligence than was first thought. We should also consider the makeup of the brain itself. The cerebellum is a structure responsible for movement‚ balance‚ tracking‚ and some memory.  In a sperm whale‚ the cerebellum makes up around 7 percent of the total brain mass‚ whereas for a killer whale‚ it's around double‚ at 14 percent. For a human‚ the cerebellum makes up around 10 percent of the total mass of the average human brain‚ which weighs roughly 1.4 kilograms (3 pounds).The total body size of the animal should also be considered when thinking of the biggest brain. A tiny ant takes the top spot with the largest brain-to-body size ratio; a 2009 study revealed that the brain of the ant genus Brachymyrmex makes up 12 percent of its 0.049 milligrams total body mass.This fits in with something called Haller’s Rule: the larger the animal is in total size‚ the smaller the brain-to-body ratio will be. &;quot;Because brain size scales relative to body size‚ the smallest animals have relatively the largest brains‚&;quot; Wulfila Gronenberg‚ a professor of neurobiology at the University of Arizona‚ told Live Science.A dataset of 1‚400 mammal species (including some fossils) compared their brain and body sizes and revealed some surprising results. The research found that the California sea lion‚ though famous for the tricks it can perform‚ has a small brain compared to body mass. Humans and dolphins‚ on the other hand‚ have smaller bodies but large brains in comparison. In gorillas and orangutans‚ despite their comparable size to humans‚ their brains are around one-third of the size. Then there’s the interesting phenomenon of domestication syndrome‚ where domesticated species have smaller brain sizes than their wild counterparts. Bullfighting breeds of cows‚ for example‚ had brains nearly as large as those of the wild cattle extinct cattle species‚ aurochs (Bos primigenius); beef and dairy cattle that had regular interactions with humans have the smallest brains. As for land dwellers‚ elephants have the largest brains of all terrestrial mammals and exhibit high levels of social and emotional intelligence and memory. Let's not forget the birds either; corvids are notoriously clever. A study by researchers at Lund University suggests that ravens are just as clever as chimpanzees despite the difference in brain size. &;quot;Absolute brain size is not the whole story. We found that corvid birds performed as well as great apes‚ despite having much smaller brains‚&;quot; said study author Can Kabadayi in a  statement. Not such a bird brain after all&;#63;Image credit: Marcin Perkowski/Shutterstock.comLike with much of the animal world‚ there is just about every scope and size possible for animals and their brains‚ with multiple studies exploring the relationship between brain size and intelligence. Brain space may be taken up with visual processing power for flying‚ allocated to social relationships‚ or advanced cognitive skills. Regardless‚ the sperm whales come out on top‚ having the most grey matter of any species ever to exist. 

In the latest turn of a political rollercoaster over the protection of gray wolves‚ the US House of Representatives voted on Tuesday to pass a bill that would see the animals removed from the Endangered Species Act (ESA).The bill‚ dubbed the “Trust the Science Act”‚ was passed by a vote of 209-205. Introduced by Republican representative Lauren Boebert from Colorado‚ the bill aims to delist and thus remove protections for gray wolves‚ which are currently classed as endangered in 44 states.Many of the bill’s supporters have argued that gray wolves are no longer in need of protection and are causing harm to the people they represent.“The science is clear; the gray wolf has met and exceeded recovery goals‚” said bill co-sponsor and Wisconsin Congressman Tom Tiffany in a statement. “Today's House passage represents an important first step towards restoring local control over the skyrocketing gray wolf population in Wisconsin. I will continue to fight to get this legislation through the U.S. Senate to protect livestock and pets from brutal wolf attacks.&;quot;Its opponents aren’t so sure. “Passing this bill would simply call the wolves recovered‚ but that does not make it so‚” California Democrat Congressman Jared Huffman told AP.According to the Wolf Conservation Center‚ there are just over 8‚100 gray wolves present in the 48 conterminous states‚ of which the US Fish and Wildlife Service estimates around 2‚797 are found within the Western US.Gray wolves were first listed as endangered on the Endangered Species Act in 1978‚ after hunting throughout the early 1900s nearly led to their extinction in most of the lower 48 states. That federal protection was removed in 2020 under the Trump administration – and then reversed by a California judge less than two years later‚ in all but four of the original 48 states.If the current bill were to be enacted into law‚ at least in its current format‚ it would prevent such judicial review and reversals from taking place in the future.The next step for the proposed law is the US Senate‚ though if a statement released by the Biden administration the day before the House vote is anything to go by‚ there are doubts it’ll get any further. “[T]he Administration strongly opposes this bill‚” the statement reads.“The transparent and science-based process prescribed by the ESA‚ with public input‚ is the best path for adding or removing species from the ESA. If enacted‚ [the Trust the Science Act] would undermine America’s proud wildlife conservation traditions and the implementation of one of our nation’s bedrock environmental laws.”

In 2017‚ astronomers at the Pan-STARRS observatory looking for near-Earth asteroids spotted an object as it hurtled past our Sun at 38.3 kilometers per second (23.8 miles per second‚ or 85‚700 miles per hour). Soon‚ telescopes around the world pointed in the unusual object's direction‚ trying to capture as much data as they could before it moved away from the Sun. Looking at visible light reflecting off the object‚ scientists were able to determine its size and shape‚ finding it is around 400 meters (1‚300 feet) long‚ and likely shaped like a pancake.The speed and trajectory of the object‚ A/2017 U1‚ suggested that it did not come from our Solar System‚ and that it will leave our Solar System again. ‘Oumuamua‚ as it is now called‚ was our first confirmed interstellar visitor.                          Catching up with 'Oumuamua would be awesome for a whole host of reasons. When it passed through the Solar System‚ for example‚ the asteroid accelerated beyond what we would expect from gravity alone. This led some to (wildly) speculate that it could be an interstellar probe‚ or other non-natural object. Trying to explain this acceleration has been difficult. The real scientific debate is not about the acceleration itself. Comets accelerate as they heat up and outgas‚ causing thrust‚ giving them their distinctive trail or &;quot;coma&;quot;. Outgassing could similarly explain ‘Oumuamua's acceleration‚ but no coma was observed‚ and its shape is unusual for a comet. There are good explanations proposed‚ however‚ including that the object released hydrogen embedded within it as it passed through the Solar System and encountered the energy of the Sun.Despite 'Oumuamua's speed making it a tricky object to catch‚ several missions have been proposed to do just that. Some of these employ a &;quot;Solar Oberth&;quot; maneuver‚ or using the Sun's gravity to gain velocity. IFLScience is not responsible for content shared from external sites. IFLScience is not responsible for content shared from external sites.NASA missions to the furthest reaches of the Solar System (and beyond) have used gravity assists to gain and lose speed‚ and conserve fuel. &;quot;Several robotic spacecraft have used the 'gravity assist' technique to achieve their targets 'high up' in the Sun's gravity well. Voyager 2 launched in August 1977 and flew by Jupiter for reconnaissance‚ and for a trajectory boost to Saturn‚&;quot; NASA explains. &;quot;Voyager 1 launched the following month and did the same (reaching Jupiter before Voyager 2 did). Voyager 2 then obtained an assist from Saturn and another one later from Uranus‚ climbing all the way to Neptune and beyond. Galileo took one kick from Venus and two from Earth‚ while orbiting the Sun en route to its destination‚ Jupiter. Cassini took two boosts from Venus‚ one from Earth‚ and another from Jupiter to gain enough momentum to reach Saturn.&;quot;The Oberth maneuver – named for Hermann Oberth‚ who suggested it in 1928 – essentially lets a spacecraft drop into an object's gravity well‚ before using propellent to escape it. A Solar Oberth maneuver is a little more ambitious‚ as it would require the probe to be protected from solar radiation.Other possible trajectories have been proposed that would instead use Jupiter to catch up with the probe. Either way‚ don't expect us to reach the object anytime soon‚ with mission proposals generally expecting to reach it by 2050‚ no matter how cool the missions look.

Long before governments had the power to ping citizens on their smartphones‚ the pre-Hispanic inhabitants of New Mexico’s Chaco Canyon used conch shell trumpets to send out population-wide notifications. According to new research‚ the ancient Chacoans may even have deliberately designed their settlements to ensure that everyone was within earshot of a sea-snail toot at all times.From around 850 to 1150 CE‚ the Chaco Canyon was the cultural heartland of the Puebloan peoples who inhabited the southwestern US. Typically‚ Chacoan centers from this period consisted of enormous sandstone structures known as &;quot;great houses&;quot;‚ around which small clusters of domestic sites were scattered through the landscape.Previously‚ archaeologists excavating the canyon have discovered conch shell trumpets within elite burials‚ despite the nearest source of such shells lying around 1‚000 kilometers (620 miles) to the southwest on the Pacific coast. Providing an important if somewhat obvious insight‚ the authors of a new study explain that “these prized items would have provided their bearers‚ probably community leaders‚ with the means to create a very loud blast of sound.”Trumpets of this kind continue to be used by the present-day descendants of these ancient Puebloans during ritual practices‚ all of which suggests that the shells may have played an important role in Chacoan life. To investigate‚ the study authors digitally modeled the reach of a conch trumpet blast when blown from the great houses of five different Chacoan settlements.Their results demonstrate that the sphere of sound matches up perfectly with the distribution of domestic sites around each great house. It therefore appears that the ancient inhabitants of the Chaco Canyon deliberately arranged their villages so that the authorities could communicate with all residents at any given time simply by blowing on a sea shell.“If leaders atop great houses needed to quickly communicate with all community residents‚ a conch-shell blast would have been a more effective method than relying on community residents to look in the right direction at the right time to see‚ for example‚ smoke/mirror signals‚” write the authors.Speculating on the function of these audible notifications‚ the researchers say that trumpets may have been used to signal the start of communal activities like religious ceremonies. “This is not unlike the idea of a medieval church bell calling a community to mass”‚ explained study author Professor Ruth Van Dyke in a statement via email.More broadly‚ the researchers state that “the acoustic reach of a conch-shell trumpet could have been one way of ensuring the internal cohesion of Chacoan communities.”The study is published in the journal Antiquity.

Aurorae on Mars are a whole other affair compared to the ones we have on Earth. The Red Planet doesn’t have a magnetic field‚ so part of the solar wind just slams into the thin Martian atmosphere‚ creating an ultraviolet light show. At least that’s what NASA’s MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN) can see. And in February‚ it saw fireworks.The aurorae that covered the whole planet were recorded by the observatory‚ taking place on February 3 and 4‚ 7 to 10‚ and 15 and 16. The increased activity is due to the Sun approaching its maximum. During this period‚ the level of solar activity increases‚ including coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These events add more energetic particles to the solar wind‚ making a bigger splash when they hit Mars.    IFLScience is not responsible for content shared from external sites.&;quot;Mars is experiencing its greatest level of auroral activity in the past 10 years‚&;quot; Nick Schneider of the University of Colorado's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP)‚ told Spaceweather.com. &;quot;In February alone‚ there were three episodes of global auroras--an 'aurora hat trick' we've never seen before.&;quot;Spaceweather.com actually predicted the events by looking at CMEs released by the Sun and matching them with the position of Mars. MAVEN has been around Mars for less than a decade‚ getting to the Red Planet just after the peak of the last solar cycle. This time around‚ it's following the effects of solar activity as things get very exciting. And what researchers learn now‚ will affect future missions on Mars.“For humans and assets on the Martian surface‚ we don’t have a solid handle on what the effect is from radiation during solar activity‚” MAVEN Principal Investigator Shannon Curry of the University of Colorado Boulder’s Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics said in a statement. “I’d actually love to see the ‘big one’ at Mars this year — a large event that we can study to understand solar radiation better before astronauts go to Mars.”Hopefully Curry will get her wish and we will get more brilliant views of aurorae on Mars.

The Earth's magnetic field has changed direction many times over millions of years‚ sometimes accompanied by temporary weakening. A much longer period in which the field diminished took place between 591 and 565 million years ago. Shortly thereafter‚ the first fossils of complex animals appear in the geologic record. A new study suggests it might be that weakening that made this possible‚ despite the apparent contradiction with the field's role in making life possible.The geomagnetic field is one of the things that sets Earth apart from Venus and Mars. It has helped the Earth resist the stripping of its atmosphere the solar wind would otherwise have induced‚ and acted as a shield against coronal mass ejections that would bathe the planet in radiation. Searches for life beyond the Solar System assume a powerful magnetic field is a requirement‚ at least for life at the surface rather than deep inside a planet.This importance leads to periodic fears about the possibility of a weakening‚ but attempts to link previous downturns in field strength to mass extinctions have generally come to nothing. Instead‚ new research suggests one of the most important events in life's history was facilitated by a softening of the barrier between the Earth and space radiation. The field's strength and direction over Earth's history can be read in rocks that retain a record of the local field at the time they formed‚ provided subsequent heat has not wiped the tape. Professor John Tarduno of the University of Rochester and colleagues explored a sample of plagioclase crystals from the Passo da Fabiana Gabbros‚ Brazil‚ laid down 591 million years ago. They found evidence for the lowest field ever recorded‚ one-30th of the modern level‚ and also much lower than earlier dates. Drawing on other studies‚ the authors argue fields below 10 percent of today’s persisted for at least 26 million years‚ including one of the most vital periods for life in Earth’s history.Although the first animals are thought to have appeared somewhat earlier‚ they were microscopic‚ or stationary species like modern-day sponges. The first active creatures‚ known as the Ediacaran fauna‚ appear in the fossil record around 560 million years ago. It is believed a rise in oxygen in the atmosphere‚ and consequently dissolved in the ocean‚ was the necessary ingredient for the arrival of complex and highly mobile animals‚ although how much extra oxygen was present remains uncertain.This makes that rise in oxygen one of the great game-changers of all time‚ but the reasons for it are still unclear. Tarduno and co-authors think the weakening of the magnetic field around this time could have been key.There’s little doubt that a weaker field will translate to more hydrogen escaping from the atmosphere. With less of the element free to bond with oxygen‚ there would be an opportunity for the planet’s atmosphere to change in a life-enhancing way.What is much less clear is whether the effect of the weaker field would be sufficient to make a significant difference. After all‚ much of the oxygen released through hydrogen scarcity would bond with other elements instead.The authors acknowledge it is hard to model how much more oxygen a weaker field would make available. “Quantifying [hydrogen] loss for Earth with an ultra-low field is challenging as it is observationally inaccessible‚” they write. Existing models predict an increase in hydrogen loss of anything from 30 to 1‚000 percent‚ and this enormous variation makes for plenty of uncertainty about the resulting oxygen increase.Nevertheless‚ the authors consider a rise sufficient to enable the Ediacaran fauna to be plausible. “The highest estimates could result in a few percent change of oxygen … that might represent a perturbation or crossing of a threshold‚ allowing Ediacaran animal diversification.”They propose the protective field could have shrunk so much that plasma in the upper atmosphere became exposed to the solar wind‚ greatly increasing the loss of hydrogen ions. One factor others have not taken into account is that increased exposure to highly charged particles from the Sun could produce more nitrogen oxides‚ which create ozone holes like the one humanity made with CFCs. This‚ in turn‚ would expose the lower atmosphere to extra ultraviolet radiation‚ which can split water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen‚ with some of the extra hydrogen escaping before recombination.No one knows quite why the Earth’s field dropped at this time. However‚ it’s possible that if we’re looking for planets with not just life‚ but advanced life like our own‚ we need them to have strong magnetic fields that take an extended holiday at just the right time.The study is open access in Communications Earth &; Environment. 

Amidst the devastation wrought by war‚ a glimmer of hope emerges through acts of kindness toward the helpless and voiceless. These compassionate efforts are captured in a new video highlighting the plight of stray animals in Ukraine. This moving portrayal sheds light on the forgotten victims of conflict—stray dogs and cats—and the dedicated individuals who... The post Stray puppies can’t contain emotions when they find out they’re being rescued appeared first on Animal Channel.

After a brutal hearing exposed connections between activist groups and a Biden cabinet official‚ all three major networks ignored the revelations in their coverage.  During an April 30 hearing before the House Committee on Natural Resources‚ Capital Research Center President Scott Walter and The Daily Signal Managing Editor Tyler O’Neil hammered Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland and her department over damning allegations. According to Walter‚ at the center of the allegations is that Haaland’s daughter Somah Haaland is a member of the radical environmentalist group Pueblo Action Alliance (PAA) which is plagued with communist connections. Even worse‚ Walter asserted that Deb Haaland has other connections to the PAA and that the group influences the policies of the Department of the Interior.  Echoing Walter’s sentiments‚ O’Neil addressed the negative impact that Deb Haaland’s policies have on American energy‚ urging Congress to get to the bottom  of the “far-left infiltration of the Department of the Interior under President Biden.” Tellingly‚ the big three networks entirely ignored this hearing in their evening coverage on April 31 and May 1‚ as ABC World News Tonight‚ CBS Evening News and NBC Nightly News opted to cover other topics.  On April 30‚ NBC Nightly News had time to talk about malfunctioning iPhone alarms and fearmonger about Russians on social media. In lieu of Deb Haaland’s scandals‚ ABC World News Tonight brought its viewers the story of a car crashing into a store in New Mexico and a death in a bounce house. The latter story also made it into CBS Evening News coverage‚ alongside the news that online scammers are targeting seniors. Stop the presses&;#33;  Here’s What the Legacy Media Missed: Deb Haaland’s Damning Allegations After detailing the communist connections of the PAA‚ Walter brought up Deb Haaland’s daughter PAA media organizer Somah Haaland. He also ripped the Department of the Interior‚ saying‚ “It’s shocking the Interior Department not only treats Pueblo Action Alliance as a source of policy wisdom but also appears to have made official policy with bias toward the alliance and provided improper assistance to the alliance.&;quot;  Walter went on to point out a case where Deb Haaland had put the concerns of such environmentalist groups first while ignoring the financial damage predicted by Navajo Nation President Buu Nygren. Walter also mentioned that “multiple meetings between the secretary and Pueblo Action Alliance officials” have taken place and excoriated Deb Haaland for promoting “PAA by having its insignia appear in public photographs beginning her first day in office.”  Moreover‚ Walter noted that PAA had posted these photographs on social media‚ later adding‚ “Activists have promoted Secretary Haaland’s involvement in a film produced by the director of PAA‚ which demands that oil‚ gas and mineral leasing outside of the Chaco National Historical Park be ended‚ a question on which the Secretary officially ruled in favor of PAA’s demand.”  A ‘Sue and Settle’ Plot&;#63;  When Rep. Paul Gosar (R-AZ) mentioned a case of close cooperation between the Department of the Interior and leftist activists‚ O’Neil unearthed a disturbing pattern of collaboration.  “What we’ve seen over and over again‚ in this case in particular as well‚ this ‘sue and settle’ strategy‚ where an activist group that shares the broad policy preferences of the administration‚ sues an administrative agency for a change in the law‚ claiming that there’s a legal requirement‚” O’Neil told Gosar.  “And then what the agency winds up doing is settling that lawsuit‚ agreeing to implement the legal requirement.” O’Neil alleged that the agency repeatedly used this duck process and transparency requirements.  Earlier in the hearing‚ O’Neil noted that the leftist Sierra Club successfully lobbied for a policy resulting in the “smallest number of oil and gas lease sales in the Gulf in history.” He explained efforts by the leftist grant-making behemoth Arabella Advisors and the Soros-funded Tides Foundation to pour vast amounts of dark money into environmentalist groups.  To sum up the situation at the Department of Interior‚ O’Neil explained that “the left's dark money network is propping up radical environmentalist groups that help steer policy at Interior.” Disturbingly‚ the leftist media couldn’t have cared any less.  [WATCH MORE: Rep. Mike Collins Goes After Department of the Interior for Energy Policies That Benefit America’s Adversaries] Conservatives are under attack. Contact ABC News 818-460-7477‚ CBS News 212-975-3247 and NBC News 212-664-6192 and demand they report on Secretary Haaland’s scandalous behavior. 

LGBTQ characters in Hollywood TV fell more than 20 percent during the 2023-2024 season and now‚ the LGBTQ activist group‚ GLAAD‚ has become especially concerned that there weren't enough gay characters in movies and shows coming out of entertainment. The group issued a statement asking Hollywood to re-direct and add more gayness to shows. GLAAD tallied all the characters in shows from 2023-2024 and found that there were 468 LGBTQ characters. During the 2022-2023 season there were a total of 596 LGBTQ characters meaning that there was a roughly 21.4 percent drop from last season to the most recent one. God forbid we see less gay sex and transvestites on TV. “We know that LGBTQ stories are crucial now more than ever—it is paramount to see our lives reflected on screen‚ challenging the misinformation and harmful rhetoric that is running unchecked by politicians and journalists‚” GLAAD CEO and president Sarah Kate Ellis said. Ellis was sure to note that integrating stories with LGBTQ characters into TV is important for young people who want to see characters that “truly reflect themselves.” While I’d argue that her intention with that statement was to get more kids to join the LGBTQ mafia‚ she insisted it was to help networks and streamers “grow their audience.” At the launch event for the report‚ Ellis GLAAD-ly proclaimed‚ “when all of us [LGBTQ’s] are in every show‚” she’ll be satisfied about the level of representation. “We deserve to be in every story‚” she said. LGBTQ people are in every family‚ we're in every community‚ we're in every school‚ we're in every office. We belong there. LGBTQ people deserve to be in every story. 🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍⚧️ pic.twitter.com/3IAXhuy1m6 — Sarah Kate Ellis (@sarahkateellis) May 2‚ 2024 Even stories about a Christian family who follows biblical principles when it comes to homosexuality and gender&;#63; What about a story about Palestine&;#63; Should gay people be in those movies even though if you were gay in Palestine you’d probably end up beheadded&;#63; No‚ Ellis‚ you don’t belong in every story. Get off your high horse of entitlement. Thing is‚ there’s already WAY too much gay crap in shows. For example‚ in the show “Abbott Elementary‚” a second grade teacher used nonbinary pronouns in a recent episode‚ ABC’s “Station 19” show promoted kids attending pride parades and called gay open relationships “ethical non-monogamy” and ABC’s “The Conners’” show had characters begging for more gay propaganda in schools. Yet for the left‚ that still isn’t good enough. What’s new&;#63;