Once thought impossible to exist, water frost found atop Mars' Tharsis region volcanoes could come in handy for future human exploration missions, new research suggests.

Vanna White took to Instagram on June 10 to celebrate the birthday of her son, Nikko Santo Pietro, and Wheel of Fortune fans can hardly get enough of the handsome young man. She posted a throwback photo of them both when he was a newborn and another recent snap with Nikko now towering above her. The photo came with a short but sweet note, with Vanna announcing how proud she is of the “amazing young man you have become.” Vanna’s birthday tribute received thousands of likes from fans, and comments joined her in wishing her only son a happy birthday. Fans react to photo of Vanna White’s son for 30th birthday Instagram Vanna’s followers were quick to point out Nikko’s handsomeness and how much he looked like Vanna, who was beaming with a smile beside him. They wore matching white tops, which made them look more like siblings as they struck a similar pose. “Wow you both resemble each other so much,” someone gushed. RELATED: Vanna White Gives Emotional Farewell Tribute To Co-Host Pat Sajak As He Ends His Tenure On ‘Wheel Of Fortune’ More kind wishes poured in, with someone calling Nikko a “cool dude” and another commending Vanna for being a “loving and amazing mom.” Another teased him to “stop picking on your mom because she’s shorter than you.” LOS ANGELES – JUN 1: Vanna White at the 18th Annual Chrysalis Butterfly Ball at the Private Residence on June 1, 2019 in Los Angeles, CA Meet Nikko Nikko was born to Vanna and her ex-husband George Santo Pietro in 1994, after which they had his little sister Giovanna Gigi in 1997. Nikko holds a bachelor’s degree in agriculture sciences from Oregon State University, citing his career inspiration as his gardening upbringing, during which he learned to grow food at home. He practiced his knowledge by building an orchard in Missouri with an added apiary on a friend’s farm. Instagram Nikko is a passionate businessman with experience as a business development manager and project overseer, which he replicates as the owner of a sourdough bakery in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Aside from work, he enjoys cooking, playing the piano, and making artwork, which he now sells on his website. Nikko also loves to travel and has explored countries like France, Switzerland, Italy, the Netherlands, and Germany, according to his social media. Click for next Article The post ‘Wheel Of Fortune’ Fans Drool As Vanna White Shares Photo Of Handsome 30-Year-Old Son On His Birthday appeared first on DoYouRemember? - The Home of Nostalgia. Author, Peace A

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Satellites in orbit use rocket propulsion to maintain their altitude. These engines require fuel to power their chemical or ion engines but when the fuel runs out, the orbit slowly erodes with the satellite re-entering the atmosphere. A new type of electrical propulsion has been developed that has no need for onboard fuel. Instead it syphons air particles out of the atmosphere and accelerates them to provide thrust. Much like an ion engine but this time, the fuel source is air making it ideal for low Earth orbits.  Tracing back the invention of the rocket takes us to ancient China around the 13th Century. Gunpowder propelled arrows were in use for military purposes and, known as ‘fire arrows’ were fired at enemy troops. In the 20th Century, rocket propulsion moved forward thanks to key players like Robert Goddard who has been hailed the father of modern rocketry.  Dr. Robert Goddar with on his early rockets in Roswell In 1926 Goddard invented the world’s first liquid fuelled rocket which led to a new breed of controllable rocket engines. The advent of the rocket engine in all its flavours has enabled human exploration of the Moon and a multitude of robotic explorers throughout the Solar System.  The team based at the Surrey Space Centre hope that their new design will allow satellites to orbit at lower altitude and whilst they will experience more atmospheric drag, the plentiful supply of air will allow them to adjust. The concept can help with climate monitoring and modelling, satellite communication and Earth observations.  At the low altitude orbits, the air is thin but the air powered electric propulsion can still harness the air as a propellant. The idea is very similar to ion engines that typically use Xenon gas as a fuel. Xenon ions are accelerated by a series of charged plates to high velocity and exit the engine producing small amounts of thrust. The new air propulsion works in a very similar way. The adjustments due to drag from friction imposted on the thin air will be constant but directly harvesting the fuel from the air outside means fuel will never run out. A view of Earth’s atmosphere from space. Credit: NASA Fundamental to the success of the engine is the air intake which collects gas molecules and directs them to the thruster. The molecules of air are then ionised by the thruster so that they can be manipulated by electrogmagnetic fields. Solar arrays and batteries will provide the power needed to ionise and accelerate the ionised air molecules at high velocities. As the air escapes from the thruster they produce thrust to drive the engine forwards.  The team is made up of academics and engineers from Surrey Space Centre and Surrey’s Centre for Aerodynamics and Environmental Flow. The UK Space Agency have sponsored the team with £250k funding for a year. This will help them to progress the concept into full design, testing and orbital mechanics analyses. If successful in the coming years we may well see air powered satellites in orbit about the Earth.  Source : New air-breathing spacecraft to provide better Earth observation and quicker communications The post Next Generation Satellites Might Skim the Atmosphere, Using Air as a Propellant appeared first on Universe Today.