Email Signup Just in Case https://www.sustainableseasons.com/ Follow me on Twitter X Just in Case https://twitter.com/PatrickHumphre Breaking news armed military gangs have been arrested entering Florida by boat. Florida law enforcement arrested gang members coming from Haiti by boat. They had night vision goggles and weapons. Governor Ron Desantis has issued an urgent warning for the people of Florida. Get prepard as us immigration and border crisis spirals out of control. The migrant crisis is affecting critical services. Start prepping for shtf 2024 and watch Patrick Humphrey prepper news for urgent updates. Prepping wrol 2024 is critical. Societal collapse is happening. Practice survivalism and be a prepared homestead. Get Chickens and grow your garden. “Stand firm‚ and you will win life.” Luke 21:19

Dollar tree said on Wednesday it plans to close 1000 stores over the next several years. But it's starting right now . Here's a link to Taylor Welding 👉 https://youtu.be/4At45Nt0QSQ?si=4WeIDMnlaYo7CifA 👉 For Gold and Silver Prices or to roll over your IRA/401K into precious metals‚ call/text Stacey @ (318) 564-5823 she is a broker for Miles Franklin or email staylor@milesfranklin.com Here's the link to J Bravo's course it comes highly recommended 👉 https://billstenzel.teachable.com/courses/dominate-stocks?affcode=240295_kl-6q3rl Here’s the link to simplistic charts Joe’s course. 👇 highly recommended. https://simplistic-gains-llc-s-school.teachable.com/p/introduction-to-micro-mini-futures-including-the-secret-trading-methodology-revealed?affcode=1401842_wheaoeog Follow us on Twitter:👉 https://twitter.com/Financialpreppr Follow us on Odysee:👉https://odysee.com/@FinancialFitness:d Follow us on Rumble:👉https://rumble.com/user/FPNetwork Follow us on Discord:👉 https://discord.gg/vrbPvqjPcz 👇 Hoosier Warrior Coffee https://hoosierwarriorcoffee.com/ref/459 Great USA owned company started by a US Vet and GREAT coffee!! 👇 f you want one order it here...we love our harvest right!! The freeze dryer link 👉https://affiliates.harvestright.com/1649.html 👉Water filter &; life straw and much more....including the 100 hour candles! Here’s a link to Patriots Supply I have Been very impressed with their products https://mypatriotsupply.com/?rfsn=6740160.f1ddd9 👇 If you would like to share anything you see or know about with the community. Email: FPNetworkInfo@gmail.com We are not financial advisors and everyone should due their own research... we just aim to bring value‚ information and even some of our life experiences to everyone. Thank you‚ Chris and Stacey

ALSO - STAY TUNED FOR PASSAGE OF THE DAY Email: prepperdawg@protonmail.com Mrs. Dawg: thegardendawg@gmail.com Mrs. Dawg's Channel - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCkPCAX-ybsavh861bm-t1A

Check out Our latest survival gear reviews https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC35FDJiECFTJDMDfP6N2AQJkXG-N1iY5 Gear up here Use discount code SURVIVALPREPPER for 10% off / Premium Survival/ Emergency Equipment https://canadianpreparedness.com/ GET EMERGENCY PRESCRIPTION MEDS AND ANTIBIOTICS (affiliate link) https://jasemedical.com/canadianprepper GET WHOLESALE FREEZEDRIED FOOD (World reknown quality) USE DISCOUNT CODE 'CanadianPrepper' https://tinyurl.com/nhhtddh6 GET GOLD AND SILVER FROM A VETTED REPUTABLE COMPANY (affiliate links) IN CANADA https://www.dpbolvw.net/click-100810984-13658063 IN USA https://www.dpbolvw.net/click-100810984-10959597 Gasmasks and Protective Equipment https://canadianpreparedness.com/collections/first-aid Emergency Food Supplies https://canadianpreparedness.com/collections/food Survival Tools https://canadianpreparedness.com/collections/all-tools Shelter and Sleep Systems https://www.canadianpreparedness.com/product-categories/shelter/ Water Filtration https://canadianpreparedness.com/collections/water-filtration Cooking Systems https://canadianpreparedness.com/collections/cookware Silky Saws https://canadianpreparedness.com/collections/silky-saws-canadian-prepper Flashlights &; Navigation https://canadianpreparedness.com/collections/electronics Survival Gear/ Misc https://canadianpreparedness.com/collections/protection-hunting Fire Starting https://canadianpreparedness.com/collections/fatrope-firestarter-canadian-prepper Hygiene https://canadianpreparedness.com/collections/towels

TacPack.com code SOS please support the channel by joining us on Patreon. https://www.patreon.com/StepOneSurvival Flashlights 🔦 Olightstore: https://www.olightstore.com/s/6026GX 10% coupon code:SOS Oknife Obuy Official site: https://us.obuy.com/s/BQL4EL Step One Survival is a place to meet‚ network &; find other preppers; to start your own prepper group or join an established prepper group. general discussion. and for those who want to protect themselves from man-made and natural disasters‚ financial collapse‚ EMP Support comes from Patreon and viewer's like you. Check us out on Amazon https://www.amazon.com/shop/steponesurvival for Leatherwork purchases SSGTBADASS@outlook.com SOS Shirts‚ Mugs &; Stickers https://steponesurvival.creator-spring.com About me USMC Vet‚ Preparedness Consultant‚ Survivalist Gunsmith‚ Archery‚ Reloading‚ Martial Artist‚ leathercraft 🙏🇺🇸⚔🥊🥋🎯 SSgt B.A. USMC/

Email Signup Just in Case https://www.sustainableseasons.com/ Follow me on Twitter X Just in Case https://twitter.com/PatrickHumphre Breaking news an emergency alert a new law is going into place and Sheriff warning that they will no longer respond to 911 calls in cities like Pittsburg Pennsylvania and Toronto Canada. Sheriff is warning to leave your car keys and key fob at the door for robberies. Get ready for societal chaos and social unrest. Migrant crime has run rampant as well. Practice preparedness. Prepare for teotwawki Get water filtration and stock up on storable long term food. Shtf is here in 2024. Watch Patrick Prepper who brings you breaking news. Buy silver and buy gold so you are prepared for shtf 2024. “Stand firm‚ and you will win life.” Luke 21:19

When stars grow old and die‚ their mass determines their ultimate fate. Many supermassive stars have futures as neutron stars. But‚ the question is‚ how massive can their neutron stars get? That’s one that Professor Fan Yizhong and his team at Purple Mountain Observatory in China set out to answer. It turns out that a non-rotating neutron star can’t be much more than 2.25 solar masses. If it was more massive‚ it would face a much more dire fate: to become a black hole. To figure this out‚ the team at Purple Mountain looked into what’s called the Oppenheimer limit. That’s the critical gravitational mass (abbreviated MTOV) of a massive object. If a neutron star stays below that Oppenheimer limit‚ it will remain in that state. If it grows more massive‚ then it collapses into a black hole. A composite image of the Crab Nebula features X-rays from Chandra (blue and white)‚ optical data from Hubble (purple)‚ and infrared data from Spitzer (pink). The Crab Nebula is powered by a quickly spinning‚ highly magnetized neutron star called a pulsar‚ which was formed when a massive star ran out of its nuclear fuel and collapsed. Scientists now want to know how much mass characterizes a neutron star as opposed to a black hole. Understanding the Physics of a Neutron Star So‚ why determine the upper mass of a neutron star? The Oppenheimer limit for these objects has some implications for both astrophysics and nuclear physics. Essentially‚ it indicates that compact objects with masses greater than 2.25 solar masses are probably what scientists term the “lightest” black holes. Those objects would likely exist in a range of 2.5 to 3 solar masses. The whole thing is rooted in the way that stars age. Everything depends on their starting mass. So‚ for example‚ our Sun is a lower-mass yellow dwarf and it will take more than 10 billion years to go through its whole life cycle. It’s about 4.5 billion years old now. As it ages‚ it will consume heavier elements in its core‚ which will heat it up. That drives expansion‚ which means the Sun will become a red giant and cast off its outer layers beginning in about five billion years. Eventually‚ it will shrink to become a white dwarf. That tiny object will contain less than the mass of the Sun‚ although some white dwarfs can be slightly more massive. How a Neutron Star Forms Stars much more massive than the Sun go through the same cycle‚ but they end their lives in supernova explosions. What’s left becomes a black hole. Or‚ if there’s not quite enough mass left after the explosion‚ the remnant becomes a neutron star. So‚ that means there’s a delicate line between it and a black hole. That line is the Oppenheimer limit. X-ray image of the Tycho supernova‚ also known as SN 1572‚ located between 8‚000 and 9‚800 light-years from Earth. Its core collapse could result in a neutron star or a black hole‚ depending on final mass. (Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/RIKEN &; GSFC/T. Sato et al; Optical: DSS) Stars between 8 and 25 solar masses produce neutron stars. Something called “neutron degeneracy pressure” holds those odd remnants together. The leftover core of the star compresses after the supernova explosion. But‚ neutrons and protons in atomic nuclei in the core get pushed tightly together and they can’t be compressed any more. So‚ the system goes into a weird equilibrium. At that point‚ the resulting neutron star is approaching the Oppenheimer limit. If the object gains (or has) any more mass‚ that puts it over the limit. The result is a black hole. Refining the Oppenheimer Limit for Neutron Stars Professor Fan’s team worked to find a more precise value for the Oppenheimer Limit. To do this‚ they gathered data from such observations as those made by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and the VIRGO gravitational wave detector‚ as well as an instrument aboard the International Space Station called The Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer Mission (NICER). These and other missions detect the effects of neutron star collisions and neutron star-black hole encounters. NICER‚ in particular‚ studies the timing of x-ray emissions at neutron stars and works to answer the question: How big is a neutron star? By knowing the size and mass of neutron stars‚ astronomers can gain a further understanding of their formation and the exotic matter they contain. The team incorporated information about the maximum mass cutoff (i.e. what’s the highest level of mass a neutron star can have) inferred from the distribution of these objects. They used models of the equation of state in their work. The equation of state basically looks at the state of matter in the neutron star (and black hole) and the models describe the parameters under which it exists (including pressure‚ volume‚ and temperature). The result of their work gives not only an upper bound to the mass of the neutron star (~2.5 solar masses) but also reveals that such a neutron star would have a radius of around 11.9 kilometers. It’s interesting to see the precision in these measurements and models‚ based on actual data from multi-messenger observations of gravitational waves and soft X-ray emissions. Fan and the team suggest in the paper they published about their work that the objects with masses between 2.5 and 3 solar masses (detected by second-generation gravitational wave detectors) are most likely the lightest black holes. Further Implications The work also has some pretty interesting implications for cosmology‚ in particular the Hubble Constant. That’s the value assigned to the rate at which the Universe is expanding. It lies somewhere around 70 kilometers per second per megaparsec (plus or minus 2.2 km/sec/Mpc). The numbers depend on which methods astronomers use to calculate them. The Fan team’s work suggests that the mass cutoff for neutron stars detected by gravitational waves should align with MTOV. That does not change with redshift. The Oppenheimer Limit mass cutoff is associated with both the redshifted mass of the object and its redshift. That’s predicted by the cosmological model and luminosity distance. This provides a new method to test the underlying cosmological model of the Universe. The current model begins with the Big Bang‚ inflation‚ and expansion. It also includes the distribution of all the matter (including dark and baryonic matter)‚ and in corporates the contribution of dark energy. For More Information Maximum mass of non-rotating neutron star precisely inferred to be 2.25 solar massesMaximum gravitational mass MTOV = 2.25 +0.08/-0.07 Ms inferred at about 3% precision with multimessenger data of neutron starsArXiv Preprint The post The Maximum Mass of a Neutron Star is 2.25 Solar Masses appeared first on Universe Today.