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Nothing lasts forever, including black holes. Over immensely long periods of time, they evaporate, as will other large objects in the Universe. This is because of Hawking Radiation, named after Stephen Hawking, who developed the idea in the 1970s. The problem is Hawking Radiation has never been reliably observed. A trio of European researchers think they’ve found a way to see Hawking Radiation. Their work is in a paper titled “Measuring Hawking Radiation from Black Hole Morsels in Astrophysical Black Hole Mergers.” Black hole mergers were predicted long ago but never observed. Theory showed that these mergers should release powerful gravitational waves. Finally, in 2015, the LIGO observatory detected the first merger. Now, scientists have detected many of them. In their brief research letter, the researchers say that these mergers are a window into Hawking Radiation (HR.) When black holes merge, they may create so-called “morsel” black holes the size of asteroids that are ejected into space. Their small size should make their HR detectable. The HR coming from these small BHs produces gamma rays with a particular “fingerprint” of high-energy photons. “In this letter, we explore the observational consequences of the production of a large number of small BH morsels during a catastrophic event such as the merger of two astrophysical BHs,” the authors explain. “As we shall show, the Hawking radiation stemming from these BH morsels gives rise to gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) possessing a distinctive fingerprint.” When black hole morsels evaporate, they emit particles in a spherically symmetrical pattern. As long as the larger merged BH is not blocking their view, the HR particles should reach us. The photon energy from the bursts exceeds the trillion-electron volt (TeV) scale. The researchers say that the energy level of the gamma-ray bursts from these morsel holes is detectable by atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes like the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-ray observatory. HAWC observes photons in a range from 100 GeV to 100 TeV. HAWC is at an altitude of 4100 meters ((2.5 miles) in Mexico. It’s one of several facilities that can detect energetic photons from morsel black holes. Image Credit: By Jordanagoodman – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35122613 Many questions remain. The authors say that these morsel BHs will emit the most energy close to their time of evaporation. But when morsel BHs are emitted in the intense gravitational environment of a BH merger, their Hawking Radiation may be affected. The same is true if the morsels are emitted at relativistic velocities. Both of those factors could alter their spectra before they reach our detectors. There are points in the Standard Model of Particle Physics where things break down due to our lack of understanding. The authors point out that some new physics not observed before could also distort the spectra from morsel black holes, making them tricky to observe. There’s another really interesting aspect to these asteroid-size morsel black holes. Since the physics in the very early Universe were different, it’s possible they were created then. If they were, and if they haven’t evaporated by now, they could constitute dark matter. “The observation of Hawking radiation from BH morsels, therefore, could enlighten us not only about the production of such morsels but also about particle physics at energies beyond the reach of current and future collider experiments, carrying imprints from new physics based on supersymmetry, composite dynamics, or extra dimensions, to name a few,” the authors write. The post Merging Black Holes Could Give Astronomers a Way to Detect Hawking Radiation appeared first on Universe Today.

Normally you don’t want dust to get into your spacecraft. That was certainly true for the InSight mission to Mars, until it died. Now, however, it’s acting as a dust collector, and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) scientists couldn’t be happier. The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) onboard MRO monitors and images the surface. In particular, it has been imaging landing sites on Mars to track dust accumulation on the surface. The idea is to see how quickly the landers and their nearby environments get covered. It doesn’t just focus on landing sites, though. It also checks places like impact craters to track surface changes in and around those regions. As you can see from its latest image above, taken on April 1st, 2024, it’s getting tough to spot the InSIGHT lander thanks to ever-growing accumulations of dust. Monitoring Surface Changes on Mars HiRISE has been checking in on the InSIGHT lander ever since it first deployed on Mars. Early images show the hardware in fairly good detail right after landing. Then, over time, as Martian winds take their toll, it’s obvious the spacecraft is getting coated in dust. That’s also true of other spacecraft that HiRISE images from time to time. The best image of the InSight lander taken by HiRISE in 2019. HiRISE scientists were looking for dust devil tracks and other changes in the surface due to dust. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UArizona Why care about dust? Although we know a great deal about Mars, there’s still a lot to figure out. Wind deposition of dust is part of the so-called aeolian processes that alter the Martian surface appearance. They’re named after the Greek wind god Aeolus. Dust storms are certainly visible on Mars from Earth, but we can’t really “see” their deposits easily without getting close to (or on) the planet. Other activities, such as dust devils, also redistribute dust around the planet. All this activity creates wind streaks, sand, and dust deposits, and covers up spacecraft on the surface. The study of the aeolian process is one of the HiRISE instrument’s major science themes. There’s not much water action to change the surface. Nor is there any Martian volcanic activity to muck up the landscape. Impact craters do tear up the surface, but they aren’t frequent. That leaves aeolian activity as a major player in Mars surface changes. Image after image shows dunes, ripples, wind streaks, dust devil tracks, and other features created by the winds. The HiRISE imaging project gives a “wide-angle” view of aeolian effects on the Red Planet and how its various surface units change over time. InSight’s Future on Mars The InSight lander performed almost flawlessly during its four years in operation on Mars. Although one of its instruments, the “mole” had some difficulties performing its digging action, the mission as a whole was quite successful. The seismograph monitored Marsquakes throughout the mission, which gives details about the Martian interior. It also differentiated between quakes from Mars’s interior and those caused by impacts. The spacecraft other instruments sampled the remnants of the weak magnetic field and monitored the Martian weather. The InSight lander not only measured seismic motions on Mars, but also sampled the atmosphere and listened to its winds. Courtesy: NASA/JPL. As increasing levels of dust covered InSight’s solar panels, mission scientists had to power down many of its systems. The seismometer was the last one to be shut off. The spacecraft was officially considered “dead” after mission controllers didn’t hear from it after two attempts at communication. The last time anybody heard from it was December 15, 2022. These days, although the instruments are silent and the solar panels are dead, the spacecraft is passively and rapidly accumulating dust. That gives scientists a chance to understand just how the surface changes thanks to aeolian activity. For More Information Revisiting InSightAeolian Themes for HiRISEWinds of MarsInSight Mission Ends The post Mars InSight Has One Last Job: Getting Swallowed by Dust on the Red Planet appeared first on Universe Today.

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The Black Sabbath co-founder and guitarist Tony Iommi is currently promoting the band's new box-set "Anno Domini", which has the albums the group recorded with Tony Martin on vocals. In an interview with Eddie Trunk, the guitar player also talked about another overlooked era of the group which was with the Deep Purple vocalist Ian Gillan. Iommi, Geezer Butler, Gillan and Bill Ward recorded the album "Born Again" in 1983 and since then the record has had mixed reviews. Iommi said that he would like to remix that album because at the time the band even tried to stop the album from being released because they really didn't like the final result. He said that everything was sounding great and they left to tour, but when they came back someone had changed a lot of things and the record was really sounding worse. Tony Iommi recalls why Black Sabbath tried to stop "Born Again" from being released in 1983 "It's funny how that works. Later on, a new generation comes in and then people get to hear, the original fans will hear it and go, 'Oh, yeah. I forgot about that record.' It is funny how it all works, but it's great. It's great that it does." "That's why I'd like to present ("Born Again") that again. Have a look at that and see what we can do with it. Because I know we weren't very happy with the sound." He continued: "But a lot of people accepted the sound, really. Certainly now. At the time, it was, 'Oh my God.' Because we went on tour, left it to somebody else. When we heard it, we nearly had a fit. It was in the top — I think it was No. 4 in England at the time." "And we tried to stop it (from being released), but it was too late by the time we'd heard it. And it just sounded really muffly. It was nothing like when we left before we went on tour. So it would be nice to get it so we can get a better sound on it, really. There really are some great songs on that album. There really are," Tony Iommi said. Some of the most famous tracks from "Born Again", besides the title-track, are "Trashed", "Disturbing The Priest" and "Zero The Hero". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8TKU_5bius&pp=ygUYYmxhY2sgc2FiYmF0aCBib3JuIGFnYWluThe post Tony Iommi recalls why Sabbath tried to stop “Born Again” release appeared first on Rock And Roll Garage.

There are many people who say that the most important thing in music is what you leave out of a song and not what you include in it. That's what the Kiss co-founder, bassist and singer Gene Simmons meant in an interview with Adam Carolla (Transcribed by Ultimate Guitar). The musician said that it's easier to be in a Progressive Rock band or Jazz group rather than to be in a band that plays mostly about three chords. He used Bruno Mars and The Rolling Stones as examples of that, comparing their music with what Jazz groups do. Gene Simmons explains why it's easier to be in a Progressive Rock or Jazz band "The hardest thing to do is to do a simple song. It's easier to be in a prog band. Really. Because you're not playing the game of 'memorable,' you're playing the game like jazz, of showing off. You don't expect somebody to walk out of a jazz concert humming (sings a jazz horn line with many notes). You don't expect that." "So the hardest thing to do and you have to respect the art of it, if it's a Bruno Mars tune or, you know, whoever, is that hearing it once and the melody — especially the chorus — sticks. And the art of that, it just happens. Like all these musicians, The Beatles and whoever you like, Lennon, Jagger/Richards, can't read a stick of music." "I can't read or write music. Nobody could. Hendrix couldn't read or write music. No, you just do it. It's like being able to write a book in another language, although you can't read or write in another language because it's verbal," Gene Simmons said. Although Kiss was one of the most successful bands of all time, with an estimated amount of more than 100 million records sold worldwide, many people criticized the band for making "simple songs", when it came to music and lyrics. Kiss came to an end in 2023 after 50 years on the road and in 2024 Gene Simmons reactivated his solo career and he has been touring around the world playing his solo material, Kiss tracks and some covers. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzOpaE3NglQ&pp=ygUWZ2VuZSBzaW1tb25zIGJhbmQgMjAyNA%3D%3DThe post Gene Simmons explains why it’s easier to be in a Progressive Rock or Jazz band appeared first on Rock And Roll Garage.

The legendary singer and guitarist Eric Clapton (79) is back on the road in 2024 and he already performed his first shows of the year in Europe. So now the setlist was revealed and we can see that there are acoustic and electric parts of the show. Like Bob Dylan, Clapton never was an artist who played all of his hits live, as can be seen in the setlist, there are only a few bigger hits from his career. This year he has scheduled dates in the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and the United States. This is Eric Clapton's 2024 setlist Blue Dust Key to the Highway (Charles Segar cover) I'm Your Hoochie Coochie Man (Willie Dixon cover) Badge (Cream song) Prayer of a Child Back Home (acoustic) Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out (Jimmy Cox cover) (acoustic) Golden Ring (acoustic) Tears in Heaven (acoustic) Got to Get Better in a Little While (Derek and the Dominos song) Holy Mother Cross Road Blues (Robert Johnson cover) Little Queen of Spades (Robert Johnson cover) Cocaine (J.J. Cale cover) Before You Accuse Me (Bo Diddley cover) Next Eric Clapton shows https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5rUS0U1fvY&pp=ygUYZXJpYyBjbGFwdG9uIGZyYW5jZSAyMDI0 May 27 - Accor Arena - Paris, France 29 – LC Arena – Décines-charpieu, France 31  – Arena of Nîmes – Nîmes, France June 2 - Lucca Summer Festival - Mura Storiche - Lucca, Italy September 20 – Vélez Sarsfield Stadium – Buenos Aires, Argentina 24 – Ligga Arena (Arena da Baixada) – Curitiba, Brazil 26 – Jeunesse Arena (Rio Arena) – Rio De Janeiro, Brazil 29 – Allianz Parque – São Paulo, Brazil October 3 – Mexico City – Mexico 8 - Pechanga Arena - San Diego, CA 10 - Acrisure Arena - Palm Desert, CA 12 - Hollywood Bowl - Los Angeles, CA The post This is Eric Clapton’s 2024 setlist appeared first on Rock And Roll Garage.

Besides Ian Paice, Roger Glover and Jon Lord, the classic Deep Purple line-up was obviously formed by the vocalist Ian Gillan and the guitarist Ritchie Blackmore. Although that line-up recorded most of their 70s classic albums and made some good records during their reunions in the 80s and 90s, the fights between Gillan and Blackmore, especially caused the end of that formation. In an interview with Made In Metal (Transcribed by Blabbermouth), the singer Ian Gillan praised Blackmore saying he is a genius and that probably half of the issues they had between each other were caused by Gillan himself. He said that after praising the band's new guitarist Simon McBride. Ian Gillan says that Ritchie Blackmore is a genius "Oh, first of all, Simon (McBride) is a genius. He's absolutely fantastic. He's got all the energy and articulation and musical skills and creative skills that you could ever dream of. You can't compare Ritchie with Simon or with Steve Morse or with Joe Satriani, the players that we've had in a band. And I think that Ritchie (Blackmore) has to have all the credit in the world. He's a genius. He was fantastic. I thought he was brilliant." He continued: "He was my roommate and we partnered and we shared a lot together. And then things, for some reason, went wrong later on. And I'm sure half of it was my fault, so those days were dim and distant. But as far as the guitar is concerned, Simon interprets these songs very, very brilliantly." "(...) Steve Morse said a good thing when he joined the band and somebody said, 'How does it feel like stepping into Ritchie Blackmore's shoes?' And Steve said, 'I think Ritchie took his shoes with him when he left.' And that, that applies to everyone — that applies to Simon now," Ian Gillan said. The group continued after Blackmore decided to leave for good more than three decades ago. Since then they had in his place Joe Satriani (From 1993 to 1994) and Steve Morse (From 1994 to 2022). Now the band’s guitarist is Simon McBride. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fvPtsSFEzLsThe post Ian Gillan says that Ritchie Blackmore is a genius appeared first on Rock And Roll Garage.