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Fun Facts And Interesting Bits
2 yrs

Remember That Show? Ep. 11: Learning The Ropes
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Remember That Show? Ep. 11: Learning The Ropes

Were tagging in a special guest to the podcasts this time around‚ as Chad Young from Horror Movie BBQ joins us to discuss the 1988 pro wrestling sitcom‚ Learning the Ropes starring Lyle Alzado. In CONTINUE READING...The post Remember That Show? Ep. 11: Learning The Ropes appeared first on The Retro Network.
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Homesteaders Haven
Homesteaders Haven
2 yrs

How to Plant Tomatoes: When‚ How Deep‚ Fertilizer‚ Pots &;amp; More
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How to Plant Tomatoes: When‚ How Deep‚ Fertilizer‚ Pots &;amp; More

Plant them sideways! Put an egg in the hole! There are seemingly endless opinions and theories about the best way to plant tomatoes. Some are valid tips‚ but some are unnecessary myths! Read along and learn how to plant tomatoes in your garden (or in pots) to set them up for success. This post will cover must-know tips including the best time to plant tomatoes outside‚ what amendments to add in the planting hole (or not)‚ how deep to plant tomatoes‚ their favorite companion plants‚ and more. Well also explore some common misconceptions about those good ole epsom salts and eggshell hacks. With these tips‚ youll be growing huge healthy tomato plants in no time!Related: Looking for ways to support tomatoes? Dont miss our favorite DIY tomato trellis tutorial. Visit our comprehensive guide on growing tomatoes to get even more in-depth tips from seed to table and beyond. When to Plant TomatoesTomatoes are warm-season crops that do not tolerate frost. You may be tempted to plant tomatoes outside in early spring after the last risk of frost has passed. However‚ they thrive in warm soil and will grow very slowly if the soil is still too cool. In fact‚ studies show that planting tomatoes too early can make them more susceptible to nutrient deficiencies! Therefore‚ its best to wait to plant tomatoes outside until the soil temperature is consistently over 60F in the daytime. 65 to 70F is even better! Use a simple soil thermometer or compost thermometer to monitor your garden soil temperature (down in the root zone) before planting. For example‚ we typically dont get frost after March here on the Central Coast of California (zone 9)‚ so we could technically plant tomatoes outside in early April. Yet we also have very cool and foggy spring weather‚ so we find our tomatoes grow best if we wait to plant them once the soil warms up in late April to May. Even then‚ weve had freak cold snaps in early May and had to protect the tomatoes with frost cloth.INDOOR TIPS: Did you start your own tomato seeds indoors? Remember to pot up tomato seedlings to larger containers as they grow‚ especially if theyre getting big but its too early to go outside! Failing to pot up can result in root-bound‚ stunted tomato plants. Also be sure to properly harden off indoor tomato seedlings before transplanting them outside to prevent shock and damage.Temp is lookin ripe for planting toms!We start our tomatoes under grow lights indoors in 4 pots‚ which are potted up to 8 pots and hardened off before being transplanted outside.How Deep to Plant TomatoesIts best to plant tomatoes nice and deep. More roots will grow off the buried portion of the stem‚ and more roots means more ability to take up nutrients and water resulting in bigger‚ healthier‚ and more productive tomato plants!Plant tomatoes so that at least the bottom third or half of the main stem is buried‚ though you can bury tall or leggy tomato seedlings as deep as two-thirds underground. Extra tall tomatoes can also be planted sideways (so you can bury the stem but dont have to dig such a deep hole)‚ but be careful not to break the main stem in the process.Before planting‚ remove lower branches and leaves that would otherwise be buried or touching the soil. Use garden snips to cut them‚ or gently pinch them off.Water well after planting. In general‚ tomatoes prefer slow‚ deep‚ consistent and less frequent water (compared to small shallow bouts every day) to encourage strong deep roots and more resilient plants. We use drip irrigation for raised beds to water our tomatoes deeply twice per week. Dont forget to add a stake‚ cage‚ or other support system after planting discussed more next. Gently pinching off a few lower branches before burying half the main stem in soil. Awesome example from a tomatillo plant that we buried deep (and then had to dig up just a few weeks later to relocate). Check out all the roots that grew off the stem above the original rootball!Planting tall tomatoes sideways in a trench (image source)How Far Apart to Space Tomato PlantsTomato plant spacing depends on the variety youre growing‚ along with the style of pruning‚ training‚ or trellising you plan to do. The more you intend to prune your tomato plants‚ the closer you can space them.For instance‚ indeterminate or vining tomato varieties take well to pruning and trellising‚ and can be spaced as close as 18 to 24 inches apart with moderate pruning. On the other hand‚ determinate or bush tomato plants are typically not pruned and grow best in large cages‚ such as our favorite DIY tomato cages. Space determinate tomatoes at least 2 to 3 feet apart. LEARN MORE: Visit our full guide on tomato plant support ideas to learn more about pruning tomatoes‚ training methods‚ and cage or trellis options.Training indeterminate tomatoes up a DIY tomato trellis with tighter spacing on the left‚ and bushy determinate tomatoes in DIY tomato cages on the far right.Soil AmendmentsFAQ: What to put in the hole when planting tomatoes? Its a great idea to add small handful of worm castings‚ a sprinkle of gentle slow-release fertilizer‚ and/or mycorrhizae to support healthy growth. However‚ it is NOT necessary to add epsom salts‚ eggs‚ or crushed eggshells when planting tomatoes. Contrary to popular recommendation‚ they do not help to prevent tomato blossom end rot! A few weeks before spring planting‚ we amend our raised bed soil with a well-balanced‚ slow-release organic fertilizer. We dust it evenly over the top‚ lightly scratch and work it into the soil surface‚ and then water it in well. We also top off our raised beds with a fresh layer of aged compost each season. When planting tomatoes‚ we also add a few things directly in the planting hole:Worm castings. We add a small handful of worm castings from our worm compost bin into each planting hole (though you can also buy worm castings online). Worm castings are an incredible form of gentle‚ natural fertilizer that help the tomato seedlings grow quickly after transplanting. Learn more about thebenefits of worm castings for plantshere.Mycorrhizae. These beneficial fungi bind to plant roots and helps them take up more nutrients and water‚ grow larger and faster‚ produce more fruit‚ and also protects the plants from transplant shock and stress. We add a sprinkle of granular mycorrhizae at the time of planting‚ but you can also water with a water-soluble mycorrhizae after planting too. Learn more about the benefits of mycorrhizae for plants here.Crab meal. Last but not least‚ we also add a sprinkle of slow-release crustacean or crab meal to the planting hole. Crab meal is high in calcium‚ which is essential for healthy tomato growth and fruit production. A lack of calcium can lead to blossom end rot in tomatoes.Application: I like to scratch the crab meal into the planting hole (mixed with the surrounding soil) to reduce direct root contact‚ whereas the the worm castings and mycorrhizae are good to add right around the root ball. Adding mycorrhizae to the planting hole. For the best results‚ it should get in direct contact with the roots!The truth about epsom salts and eggshells for tomatoesTime after time‚ youll see recommendations to plant tomatoes with epsom salts or crushed eggshells. Most often‚ folks claim that these hacks help prevent blossom end (BER) in tomatoes. But scientifically-speaking‚ its simply not true!Blossom end rot is a condition where tomatoes develop a rotten spot on their flower end‚ and is most often caused by lack of calcium uptake (especially combined with poor or irregular watering practices). Adding eggshells wont necessarily hurt your tomatoes‚ but it does NOT prevent blossom end rot. The calcium in crushed eggshells simply isnt bio-available enough for the plants to utilize anytime soon. Even more‚ adding epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) can make blossom end rot worse! According to theUniversity of Hawaii‚the presence of excessive amounts of magnesium‚ sodium‚ or potassium in the soil interferes with calcium availability. I wrote an entire article dedicated to blossom end rot in tomatoes where you can learn more‚ including how to treat and prevent it.We never add these to our soil. Eggshells are a great addition to the worm bin though! Or‚ baked and fed back to the chickens for calcium.Tomato Companion PlantsDont forget to give you tomatoes some friends! Planting tomatoes with beneficial companion plants can help attract pollinators‚ deter pests‚ and even reduce disease. The best tomato companion plants include basil‚ marigolds‚ peppers‚ carrots‚ lettuce‚ cucumbers‚ beans‚ onions‚ garlic‚ chives and other herbs like sage‚ thyme and parsley. Plant any of these together to enjoy a beautiful and biodiverse garden bed!With their proven ability to repel pesky root-knot nematodes‚ French marigolds are one of the most notorious and helpful tomato companion plants. Keep in mind that to reap that benefit‚ the marigold root system should be left in the soil. Meaning‚ cut the plants out at the end of the season and leave the roots in place.We always tuck plenty of pretty annual companion flowers around our tomatoes too‚ like calendula‚ cosmos‚ zinnia‚ bachelor buttons. See our full companion planting chart for other beneficial garden plant pairings and tips.Planting Tomatoes in a PotTomatoes grow well in pots‚ as long as the container is large enough to keep them happy for the season! Tomatoes are big plants with expansive root systems; their growth will be limited by the container theyre in.Compact determinate or bush tomato varieties are perfect to grow in containers‚ though you can also grow larger indeterminate (vining) tomatoes in pots too. For the best results‚ I recommend using a 15 to 20 gallon container such as these fabric grow bags. The ideal pot size for tomatoes is at least 24-inch diameter for indeterminate tomatoes or 18-inch diameter for determinate varieties. You can also grow tomatoes in half wine barrel planters.Choose a pot with excellent drainage. Tomatoes like deep consistent moisture‚ but do not tolerate standing water or soggy roots. Fill the pot with quality potting soil made for containers. Potted plants tend to run out of nutrients faster than those in the ground or in raised beds‚ so plan to fertilize potted tomato plants before planting plus once every month or two during the growing season (especially once they start to set fruit). Choose a support system (e.g. cage‚ stakes‚ trellis) that can fit in or around your chosen pot. Good examples include a sturdy pre-made tomato cage‚ DIY tomato cages‚ or several stakes with twine strung between them. Add a stake along the main stem of the tomato too.We ran out of room in our old front yard garden‚ so we built a small raised garden bed on concrete and planted tomatoes in fabric grow bags in our driveway! (Cages yet to be added.)The Importance of MulchAfter planting‚ dont forget to apply a couple inches of mulch on top of the soil. Mulch around the base of your tomatoes‚ but not in direct contact with the main stalk. Good examples include compost‚ fine wood chips‚ or straw. Mulching tomato plants offers a number of benefits: it helps keep the soil evenly moist‚ reducing your need to water as frequently while simultaneously reducing the risk of blossom end rot. Mulch also insulates and protects the roots against temperature extremes‚ including both both hot and cold. Last but not least‚ it suppresses weeds!And that sums up the best practices on how to plant tomatoes. I hope this guide gave you plenty of useful pointers‚ and helps you grow some stellar tomatoes this season. Let us know if you have ay questions in the comments. Also please leave a review or star rating below if you found this post to be valuable. Thank you so much for tuning in today‚ and happy growing!Dont miss these related posts:13 Ways to Preserve Tomatoes: Recipes to Freeze‚ Can‚ and MoreGarden Companion Planting Chart‚ Plans‚ and Benefits7 Ways to Support or Train Tomatoes: Cages‚ Trellises &;amp; MoreSimple &;amp; Delicious Roasted Tomato Sauce Recipe (Freeze or Can)Creamy Roasted Tomato Basil Soup with Fresh Tomatoes (Vegan) PrintHow to Plant Tomatoes: Depth‚ Spacing‚ Soil Amendments‚ CompanionsLearn the best way to plant tomatoes‚ including tips on how deep to plant tomatoes‚ what to add to the planting hole or soil (and what to avoid)‚ spacing requirements‚ companion plants and more. With these tips‚ you';ll be growing huge healthy tomato plants this season!Keyword how deep to plant tomatoes‚ how to plant tomatoes‚ planting tomatoesCook Time 15 minutes minutesEquipmenttomato seedlingsmycorrhizae‚ worm castings‚ and/or organic slow release fertilizerInstructionsPlant tomatoes in the spring once soil temperatures are regularly over 60F during the day.Harden off indoor-raised seedlings first.Amend garden bed soil a few weeks prior to planting with a slow-release organic fertilizer and/or fresh topping of well-aged compost.Dig a hole a deep hole and bury at least one-third to half of the plants main stalk (up to 2/3 buried for tall leggy seedlings). Carefully remove the lower and branches and leaves that would otherwise be underground first.Space determinate (bush) varieties at least 2 to 3 feet apart and support with a cage. Space indeterminate varieties as close at 18 to 24 inches‚ depending on pruning and training method.Add mycorrhizae and worm castings to the planting hole‚ but do NOT bother adding crushed eggshells or epsom salts they don';t prevent blossom end rot‚ and can make it worse!Water well (slow and deep) after planting.Add a stake along the main stem of the tomato plant‚ along with a support system of choice (cage‚ trellis‚ etc).Optional: Add tomato companion plants such as basil‚ french marigolds‚ peppers‚ lettuce‚ chives‚ onion‚ garlic‚ beans‚ cucumber‚ or nasturtiums around the plants.Cover the soil with a couple inches of mulch around the base of the plants‚ but not in direct contact with the main stem. Did you enjoy this article? Want to hear more? Stay in touch! Sign up below to receive weekly updates on new posts from Homestead and Chill. The post How to Plant Tomatoes: When‚ How Deep‚ Fertilizer‚ Pots &;amp; More appeared first on Homestead and Chill.
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Reclaim The Net Feed
Reclaim The Net Feed
2 yrs

Ministry of Truth: Hawaii Lawmakers Call for Set Standards for Ethical News Sources
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Ministry of Truth: Hawaii Lawmakers Call for Set Standards for Ethical News Sources

If you';re tired of censorship and dystopian threats against civil liberties‚ subscribe to Reclaim The Net.Lawmakers in the US state of Hawaii are trying to get a journalist association there to come up with and adhere to a new process that would make sure their sources are ethical and objective.This comes in the shape of a state Senate resolution asking the Society of Professional Journalists chapter in Hawaii to find a way to carry out such evaluation.This week‚ the resolution was passed by the Judiciary Committee with no votes against or abstainees‚ and is now headed for adoption by the Senate.The resolution was introduced by Senator Chris Lee‚ and explained as a way to help the public understand who might be spreading misinformation.We obtained a copy of the resolution for you here.According to Lee who has apparently taken it upon himself to decide what is and isnt misinformation the latter is repeated nearly every day in the community.His comments reveal what he considers true information that coming from reputable news organizations‚ as opposed to social media posts.His faith in reputable outlets seems to stem from their supposed ethical and transparent professional practices‚ not to mention‚ vetting the information.But‚ not everyone shares his stance‚ with one obvious point of criticism being that government bodies shouldnt be the ones with the power to anoint one news source as reputable over another.That‚ opponents of such trends in general would say‚ brings a society closer to having a ministry of truth than flourishing democratic authorities.The resolution‚ being non-binding‚ can be interpreted as a form of pressure on the local Professional Journalists chapter.In addition to pushing for protection of unbiased reporting‚ truth‚ and countering misinformation‚ it also speaks about the digital economy causing the downfall of independent local media.In this context‚ the text continues‚ legacy media consolidated and became increasingly more expensive to access for Americans.And‚ according to the resolutions authors‚ this space has been taken up by social media which lets some organizations and individuals with broad reach presenting themselves as news sources to intentionally or inadvertently spread misinformation.Not missing the opportunity to insult the average person‚ the document goes on that in such circumstances‚ the average person finds it difficult to distinguish truth from fiction and thats where the new process should come in to help out.The Hawaii Professional Chapter of the Society of professional Journalists is requested to establish a process to evaluate and identify sources of news that adhere to ethical and objective journalistic standards to help the public distinguish those that may proliferate misinformation‚ the resolution concludes.The post Ministry of Truth: Hawaii Lawmakers Call for Set Standards for Ethical News Sources appeared first on Reclaim The Net.
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History Traveler
History Traveler
2 yrs

10 Facts About the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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10 Facts About the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

On August 6 1945‚ an American B-29 bomber dubbed Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. It was the first time a nuclear weapon had been deployed in warfare and the bomb immediately killed 80‚000 people. Tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure.Three days later‚ another atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city Nagasaki‚ instantly killing a further 40‚000 people. Again‚ over time the number of fatalities increased considerably as the devastating effects of a nuclear fallout were played out for the world to see.The bombings are widely believed to have played a decisive role in convincing Japan to surrender and bringing about an end to World War Two though this is an assertion that has been much debated. Here are 10 facts about the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War Two.1. There were five Japanese cities on the USs initial hit list and Nagasaki was not one of themThe list included Kokura‚ Hiroshima‚ Yokohama‚ NiigataandKyoto. Its said that Kyoto was ultimately spared because US Secretary of War Henry Stimsonwas fond of the ancient Japanese capital‚ having spent his honeymoon there decades earlier. Nagasaki took its place instead.The United Kingdom gave its consent to the bombing of four cities Kokura‚Niigata‚ Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 25 July 1945.2. The Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs were based on very different designsThe Little Boy bomb dropped on Hiroshima was made of highly enriched uranium-235‚ while the Fat Man bomb dropped on Nagasaki was made of plutonium. The Nagasaki bomb was regarded as the more complex design.3. The codename for at least one of the bombs was taken from the film noir movieThe Maltese FalconThe bombs codenames‚ Little Boy and Fat Man were chosen by their creator Robert Serber‚ who apparently drew inspiration from John Hustons 1941 film The Maltese Falcon.In the movie‚ Fat Man is a nickname for Sydney Greenstreets character‚ Kasper Gutman‚ while the name Little Boy is said to derive from the epithet that Humphrey Bogarts character‚ Spade‚ uses for another character called Wilmer. This has since been discredited‚ however Spade only ever calls Wilmer boy‚ never little boy.4. The most destructive World War Two bombing attack on Japan was neither Hiroshima nor NagasakiOperation Meetinghouse‚ the US firebombing of Tokyo on 9 March 1945‚ is considered the deadliest bombing raid in history. A napalm attack carried out by 334 B-29 bombers‚ Meetinghouse killed more than 100‚000 people. Several times that number were also injured.5. Before the atomic attacks‚ the US Air Force dropped pamphlets in JapanIts sometimes argued that this constituted a warning to the Japanese people but‚ in truth‚ these pamphlets didnt specifically warn of an impending nuclear attack on either Hiroshima or Nagasaki. Instead‚ they only promised prompt and utter destruction and urged civilians to flee.6. Haunting shadows were imprinted into the ground when the atomic bomb hit HiroshimaThe bomb blast in Hiroshima was of such intensity that it permanently burned the shadows of people and objects into the ground. These became known as Hiroshima shadows.7. Some argue with the popular contention that the bombs ended World War TwoRecent scholarship‚ based on the minutes of meetings held between Japanese government officials in the lead up to surrender‚ suggest that the Soviet Unions unexpected entry into the war with Japan played a more decisive role.8. The bombings led to the deaths of at least 150‚000-246‚000 peopleBetween 90‚000 and 166‚000 people are estimated to have died as a result of the Hiroshima attack‚ while the Nagasaki bomb is thought to have caused the deaths of 60‚000-80‚000 people.9. The oleander is the official flower of the city of Hiroshimabecause it was the first plant to blossom again after the atomic bomb blast.10. In Hiroshimas Peace Memorial Park‚ a flame has burned continuously since it was lit in 1964The Peace Flame will remain lit until all nuclear bombs on the planet are destroyed and the planet is free from the threat of nuclear destruction.
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Hot Air Feed
Hot Air Feed
2 yrs

Kansas Newspaper Sues Over Police Raids
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Kansas Newspaper Sues Over Police Raids

Kansas Newspaper Sues Over Police Raids
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Hot Air Feed
Hot Air Feed
2 yrs

Ready for the 2024 Election Pandemic?
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Ready for the 2024 Election Pandemic?

Ready for the 2024 Election Pandemic?
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Hot Air Feed
Hot Air Feed
2 yrs

60 Minutes Report Ties Havana Syndrome to Russian GRU Unit (Plus a Smoking Gun Email)
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60 Minutes Report Ties Havana Syndrome to Russian GRU Unit (Plus a Smoking Gun Email)

60 Minutes Report Ties Havana Syndrome to Russian GRU Unit (Plus a Smoking Gun Email)
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Science Explorer
Science Explorer
2 yrs

Does Botswana Really Want To Send 20‚000 Elephants To Germany?
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Does Botswana Really Want To Send 20‚000 Elephants To Germany?

Germany and Botswana have had something of an international argument this week‚ after Germany suggested it might seek a ban on the import of hunting trophies due to issues related to poaching. Botswana';s response? We';ll send you 20‚000 elephants to ";have a taste of living alongside them";.Botswana';s President Mokgweetsi Masisi said that the suggested stricter laws would only cause problems for the people of Botswana. He told German tabloid Bild the offer was ";no joke‚"; to show Germany how to live together with elephants without hunting since they ";don';t have the animals living in their backyard";.Botswana is home to the worlds largest elephant population‚ some 130‚000 (growing at around 6‚000 a year)‚ which regularly causes human-animal conflict due to the overpopulation of these large animals in spaces not big enough to accommodate both. The country has already sent 8‚000 elephants to Angola and 500 to Mozambique in an effort to reduce numbers.";In some areas‚ there are more of these beasts than people. They are killing children who get in their path. They trample and eat farmers'; crops leaving Africans hungry‚"; said Botswana';s wildlife minister Dumezweni Mthimkhulu‚ reports BBC News.While trophy hunting was banned in Botswana in 2014‚ the country lifted the laws in 2019‚ allowing foreigners to travel and shoot elephants under license with annual hunting quotas. It argues that it';s a form of population control and the vast sums of money tourists pay to shoot elephants (iNews suggests it can be up to $50‚000) and other animals goes‚ at least partly‚ back into conservation practices and funding efforts to help save habitats and other species.This argument backs the idea that well-managed trophy hunting practices can be an effective tool to both help locals fight poverty and prevent poaching by doing it legally. However‚ animal welfare groups say the practice is cruel and detrimental to wildlife. Trophy hunting typically involves the hunting and killing of animals for sport and food. Hunters often pose with the carcasses or heads of the animals killed to demonstrate a successful hunt (who could forget Cecil the Lion?). According to the International Fund For Animal Welfare‚ the US alone accounts for 71 percent of imported trophy demand‚ while Germany and Spain are the next highest with 5 percent each.Botswana also threatened to send 10‚000 elephants to London in March after UK MPs voted to support the Hunting Trophies Prohibition Bill‚ which has not passed into law yet.Overall‚ the issue is more nuanced than simply shipping elephants to different countries to see how they would fare. It remains to be seen whether a stricter ban on trophy hunting imports from elephants would be directly beneficial to the country it would arguably affect the most.
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Science Explorer
Science Explorer
2 yrs

Ancient Water Striders Found In Amber Have Been Stuck Doing The Deed For 100 Million Years
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Ancient Water Striders Found In Amber Have Been Stuck Doing The Deed For 100 Million Years

The idea of someone knowing youve been up to sexy shenanigans is cringe-inducing enough as it is‚ but now imagine getting stuck in a blob of tree resin during the deed and someone finding said blob millions of years later. Thats the case for some unfortunate mid-Cretaceous water striders trapped in a piece of amber mid-copulation‚ although luckily for them‚ insects dont feel embarrassment.While its definitely an amusing sight‚ its also a pretty useful one for scientists. It turns out that catching insects during copulation is a rarity in the fossil record. As a result‚ for those attempting to understand the behaviors of animals that lived millions of years ago‚ theres been very little to go on.Thankfully‚ these 100-million-year-old shagging water striders (Burmogerris rarus) have stepped up to the plate‚ marking the first time the insects have been found mid-copulation in the fossil record and its provided researchers with some rare insights into their mating dynamics.The lump of amber which comes from northern Myanmar contains seven adult water striders‚ six of which were paired up‚ and a single male strider stuck in third-wheeldom for eternity. Ooft.Two of the pairings were captured mating‚ which is a valuable finding in itself‚ but whats striking is that the males seen on the backs of the females are much smaller‚ putting another dent in the narrative that males in the animal world tend to be bigger.You think you';ve seen everything and then you see palaeoart of water striders going at it.Image credit: NIGPASThe single male water strider was also trapped close to two of the pairs. Such close presence of a single male to a mating pair suggests that the male wasnt of the Mr Steal Yo Girl variety.";We speculate that the small-sized male B. rarus is unlikely to be territorial‚ while this species maintains a high population density in the Myanmar amber forest‚"; said Dr Yanzhe Fu‚ who was part of the team analyzing the insects‚ in a statement.Microscopic analysis also identified differences between the front legs of the males and females that may have played a role during and after mating. In males‚ a section called the protibia is slightly curved and features a comb-like structure on its edge‚ which females dont have.";By comparing the male';s protibial combs with species in the related family Veliidae‚ we suggest that the specialized protibial comb of the new fossils functions as a grasping apparatus‚ likely representing an adaptation to overcome female resistance during struggles‚"; said team leader Professor Diying Huang.This wouldve been helpful in making sure their mating partners didnt leg it before sexy times commenced quite the feat considering the size difference but also after the act too. Lots of insects take part in mate guarding‚ where the males find a way to keep a hold of females in order to reduce the chances of sperm competition.The findings‚ the authors conclude in their paper‚ suggest a mating system dominated by males and that the behaviors they think occurred remained stable over long-term geological time.As did evidence of their sexual deeds.The study is published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
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Science Explorer
Science Explorer
2 yrs

NASA May Have Inadvertently Redirected An Asteroid At Mars
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NASA May Have Inadvertently Redirected An Asteroid At Mars

In 2022‚ NASA sent a spaceship to slam into an asteroid about the size of the Great Pyramid of Giza in an attempt to alter its course.The mission was a success‚ and demonstrated that it is possible to redirect objects in space‚ great news for a planet that isn';t a huge fan of being wiped out by asteroids. As well as successfully redirecting the asteroid Dimorphos‚ it sent huge boulders flying off from the loosely bound asteroid‚ ranging in size from 1 to 7 meters (3-22 feet) in diameter. These boulders are not moving at huge speeds relative to the parent rock their average speed is 0.3 meters per second (0.7 miles per hour) but that is enough to achieve escape velocity from Dimorphos.Now‚ a team has looked at the orbital path these 37 objects will take over the next 20‚000 years‚ discovering that the Earth is safe from impact. In a not-yet-peer-reviewed article published on pre-print server arXiv‚ the researchers found that the closest approach with Earth will happen in about 2‚500 years‚ but the boulders will never be closer than 0.02 astronomical units (AU)‚ with one AU being the distance between the Earth and the Sun. But Mars might not be so lucky.";Numerical simulations show that all the boulders of the swarm will cross the orbit of Mars multiple times in the future 20 [thousand years]‚"; the team wrote in the paper. ";The simulated swarm is statistically representative of the set of 37 actual boulders recently discovered by using observations from the Hubble Space Telescope that were ejected during the impact of the DART spacecraft on Dimorphos. Therefore‚ due to the orbit crossings happening in the long-term evolution‚ it is possible that some of the boulders will impact Mars in the future.";These potential impacts happen twice around 6‚000 years in the future‚ and twice again 15‚000 years in the future. If the paths do cross and there are a lot of variables that could alter the rock';s path‚ such as the energy from sunlight the team looked at what kind of impact the boulders would create.";The condition of fragmentation‚ assuming a mean strength of about 1 MPa‚ is reached when the meteoroid hits the Martian soil without generating airbursts and with a speed slightly lower than the initial one because the Martian atmosphere is too thin to slow it down significantly. For this reason‚ in our case‚ a small‚ simple impact crater of about 200-300 m [656-984 feet] in diameter will be generated‚"; the team explained.";However‚ it cannot be ruled out that Dimorphos boulders have a strength lower than about 1 MPa. In this case‚ the meteoroids will fragment in the Martian atmosphere without reaching the ground intact‚ giving rise to a classic strewn field.";As well as assuring us that NASA has not accidentally sent meteorites at Earth during a test to redirect asteroids away from Earth‚ the study found further evidence that some meteorites that hit our planet could result from collisions between large and small asteroids‚ sending smaller rocks free from their clump.The paper is published on pre-print server arXiv.[H/T: National Geographic]
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