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In recent years, the number of known extrasolar planets (aka. exoplanets) has grown exponentially. To date, 5,799 exoplanets have been confirmed in 4,310 star systems, with thousands more candidates awaiting confirmation. What has been particularly interesting to astronomers is how M-type (red dwarf) stars appear to be very good at forming rocky planets. In particular, astronomers have detected many gas giants and planets that are several times the mass of Earth (Super-Earths) orbiting these low-mass, cooler stars. Consider TOI-6383A, a cool dwarf star less than half the mass of the Sun that orbits with an even smaller, cooler companion – the red dwarf star TOI-6383B. In a recent study, an international team of astronomers with the Searching for Giant Exoplanets around M-dwarf Stars (GEMS) survey detected a giant planet transiting in front of the primary star, designated TOI-6383Ab. This planet is similar in size and mass to the system’s companion star, which raises questions about the formation of giant planets in red dwarf star systems. The team was led by Lia Marta Bernabò, a PhD astronomy student at the University of Texas at Austin (UTA) and the German Aerospace Center (DLR). She was joined by colleagues with the GEMS collaboration, which includes astronomers from the Center for Planetary Systems Habitability, the Carnegie Science Earth and Planets Laboratory, the Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, the ETH Zurich Institute for Particle Physics & Astrophysics, the Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, NOIRLab, the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, and multiple universities and institutes. The paper that details their findings was recently accepted for publication by the Astronomical Journal. A giant star orbits one of the stars in the binary star system TOI-6383. As both stars are dwarf stars, a problem due to the mass budget comes up. Credit: DLR The TOI6383 system consists of two red dwarf stars located about 560 light-years from Earth. The primary (A) is about 46% as massive as the Sun and about as large and has an estimated surface temperature of 3444 K (3,170 °C; 5,740 °F) – about 60% of the Sun’s surface temperature. Its companion (B) is 20.5% as massive as our Sun, 22% its size, and has an estimated surface temperature of 3121 K (2848 °C; 5,158 °F). Meanwhile, TOI6383Ab has a mass and size comparable to Jupiter and an orbital period of about 1.79 days. Based on the all-sky coverage of NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), the GEMS survey team is dedicated to searching for giant exoplanets around M-dwarf stars (GEMS) using the Transit Method (Transit Photometry). This consists of monitoring stars for periodic dips in brightness, which could indicate planets passing (aka transiting) in front of their parent stars relative to the observer. The exoplanet was detected by TESS and confirmed by a combination of follow-photometry and radial velocity measurements using ground-based telescopes. This survey aims to test theories of how planets form, which can be divided into two main categories. The first scenario is the core-accretion model, where planetesimals coagulate around a massive core. However, this model has come to be questioned in recent decades, largely because it is inconsistent with the mass budget and time scales for the formation of M dwarfs. Dwarf stars typically have less massive protoplanetary disks around them, meaning there is insufficient material to form giant planets. The second scenario is the rapid formation model, where a massive protostellar disk disintegrates into clumps under its own gravity, which then accrete material and form planets. The discovery of this latest massive planet around a low-mass star will help astronomers to test these competing models. To date, only 20 massive exoplanets have been detected around M-type red dwarfs. The GEMS survey seeks to increase this inventory to at least 40, whereupon more precise tests of these models can be made. Further Reading: DLR Institute of Planetary Research, Astronomical Journal The post Exoplanet Discovered in a Binary System Could Explain Why Red Dwarfs Form Massive Planets appeared first on Universe Today.

DeSantis Dismisses Kamala’s Disaster Response As Biden Sings His Praises [WATCH]

Soon after Donald Trump’s campaign team took over the Republican National Committee earlier this year, a senior Trump aide was asked how to combat news stories that the campaign had an insufficient get-out-the-vote operation. “We are going to beat the reporters into retardation!” shouted James Blair, one of the two men now leading the operation, on a call with other advisers, according to two people with direct knowledge of the conversation. Blair did not respond to a request for comment.

In another bold maneuver by the theocratic regime, U.S. officials say Iran plotted to assassinate former President Donald Trump. Law enforcement arrested a Pakistani man in July with alleged ties to Iran who was planning to assassinate senior U.S. officials and or politicians. The Justice Department charged the individual in August but didn’t specify whether Trump was the target. Iowa Republican Sen. Chuck Grassley released FBI records in September indicating that Trump, President Joe Biden,...

How does one justify squelching free speech and censoring opponents? By justifying it by “science.” The authors of a new study published by the scientific journal Nature submit that “differential sharing of misinformation by people identifying with different political groups could lead to political asymmetries in enforcement, even by unbiased policies.”

Republican Kari Lake and Democrat Ruben Gallego emptied their opposition research books during an hourlong debate Wednesday, trying to nail one another on some of Arizona’s most important issues. The Senate hopefuls sparred for nearly an hour in their only televised debate, arguing over immigration, abortion and other hot topics.  The stakes were high: Wednesday marked the first day of early voting, meaning voters can begin to cast their ballots well in advance of Election...

An image on X claims to show a post from Republican Florida Rep. Matt Gaetz as related to Hurricane Helene. Verdict: Misleading The post is two years old and refers to Hurricane Ian, not Hurricane Helene. Fact Check: Hurricane Helene has claimed the title of the deadliest land hurricane since 2005, killing more than 230 people and wiping out entire towns, per ABC News.

As much as I love summer, there is one thing I could do without: bugs. More specifically, mosquitoes. Those pesky little buggers can wreak havoc on a beautiful summer day. Who hasn't spent time outside in summer and then come in all itchy and covered in bites? There are multiple reasons why some people are more susceptible to mosquito bites than others, but there's a new one that likely isn't on people's radars. Mosquitoes could be attracted to the odor certain viruses create in the body. There is evidence that mosquitoes are attracted to the odor given off by mice infected by the parasite that causes malaria. Now, a team is looking at how the scent of mosquito-borne viruses such as dengue and Zika would attract mosquitoes to people rather than mice. For those who may be unfamiliar with the two viruses, the most important thing to know about them both is how dangerous they are to humans. Some effects of dengue include vomiting, aches and pains, and in severe cases, internal bleeding, according to the CDC. Zika virus is best known for being dangerous for pregnant women, as it can cause certain kinds of birth defects in fetuses, per the CDC. Because both viruses rely on mosquitoes for transmission, it begs the question: Do people infected with either viruses give off extra tasty odors? That's what the team was looking to discover. "I mean, the infection just increase[s] the chance to be located by a mosquito," Penghua Wang, an immunologist with University of Connecticut Health, told NPR. Wang and the rest of his team set out to find out if it's true that infected people become mosquito chow, and undertook a study, which was recently published in the journal Cell. In the study, they blew two different types of air: one infected with either of the two viruses and one without, over two different groups of mice. As to be expected, the mosquitoes buzzed around those infected mice like they were a buffet dinner. "These two viruses can alter a person's body odor to be more attractive to mosquitoes," Wang said. What happens is that the smell alters the skin's microbiome to make it more appetizing to the blood-sucking little critters. Wang explained to NPR that he was "excited" by this new development as it could lead to a lot of understanding of virus transmission by mosquitoes.While this is an incredibly positive prospect, it's important to keep in mind that experimenting on mice isn't really the same as experimenting on people. And just because this is going well with mice doesn't mean it will go well with people. But, during the study, the team discovered that people infected with dengue had similar attention from the mosquitoes. The other promising thing? Since they've discovered the attraction, they were also able to find a possible treatment plan. They discovered that when they gave the sick mice a vitamin A supplement, the mosquitoes lost interest. Knowing this information can help researchers explore how Zika and dengue spread. According to Wang, in some of the areas where dengue and Zika are most common, many people are vitamin A deficient. Whatever they discover, I'm very curious to see if this information will offer insight on not only how diseases get spread, but also what makes people (like me) more susceptible to getting bitten in the first place.This article originally appeared on 7.6.22