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Robert Irwin’s Newest Project is Not What We Expected
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Robert Irwin’s Newest Project is Not What We Expected

It’s hard to believe it’s been almost two months since Robert Irwin and Witney Carson Quickstepped their way to a win on Dancing with the Stars. From the first night of competition, Robert became a fan favorite. He’s so similar to his late father, Steve Irwin, with a kind smile and attentive spirit. Robert recently announced that he was headed back home to Australia, and fans Down Under couldn’t wait to get him back. In honor of his return, the Visit Sunshine Coast tourism group announced a Robert Irwin lookalike competition. View this post on Instagram A post shared by #visitsunshinecoast (@visitsunshinecoast) The Best Robert Irwin Lookalike Could Win Big Bucks The competition will take place on January 17 at 8:00 a.m. at Caloundra (Kings Beach), Sunshine Coast. “If you can rock the khaki and channel the best kind of Aussie energy, come along for a Robert Irwin lookalike contest to welcome our Sunshine Coast icon back home from his travels,” an Instagram post explains. Along with the announcement, Visit Sunshine Coast posted a funny video of a surfer wearing a blonde wig and checking out the flyer. It’s a pretty clever welcome home party, and fans are super excited to participate. “Robert i really need you to confirm are you coming there I’ll book my ticket right now,” a fan joked. “The most Aussie competition ever,” another person commented. The Robert Irwin lookalike contest got moms excited, too. “Ok but can kids enter? I have a son that is Robert bowl cut era, jumps ‘crocs’ and all check out my pinned reel,” a mom asked. Honestly, this person probably has the best idea. “This will only be complete if Robert himself enters (and even funnier if he loses),” they wrote. If you really look like Robert, you could win $500. We sure hope he sneaks in for the fun! This story’s featured image is by APU GOMES/AFP via Getty Images.
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‘As A Muslima’: Rashida Tlaib Blows Gasket Over ‘Neo-Nazi’ DHS Post Of Man Riding Horse
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‘As A Muslima’: Rashida Tlaib Blows Gasket Over ‘Neo-Nazi’ DHS Post Of Man Riding Horse

'It's popularized in neo-Nazi spaces'
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Somalia’s ‘Temporary’ Protection Lasted 35 Years
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Somalia’s ‘Temporary’ Protection Lasted 35 Years

Congress created Temporary Protected Status (TPS) to briefly assist those in need. Shakespeare warned, “Ingratitude is monstrous; and for the multitude to be ingrateful, were to make a monster of the multitude.” In the case of TPS, “multitude” is correct. As of January 2025, approximately 1.4 million foreign nationals in the United States were shielded from removal under the program.  The Trump administration decided to terminate TPS for several countries, with Somalia as the most recent. That choice is the right step in a long-overdue course correction for an immigration program that previous administrations exploited far past its statutory purpose.  Somalia was first designated for TPS in 1991, following political turmoil and the outbreak of civil war. At the time, granting temporary protection to Somali nationals already present in the United States was an act of kindness.  Over three decades later, Somalis remained dependent on the charity extended to them by the United States and distorted the TPS program beyond recognition from its original legislative intent.   Past Administrations Haven’t Followed the Law  Temporary Protected Status is governed by Section 244 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, codified at 8 U.S.C. § 1254a. According to federal law, TPS may be granted only when extraordinary and temporary conditions prevent safe return to a designated country. It applies only to individuals physically present in the United States at the time of designation. Foreigners who arrive after the fact are ineligible.   TPS is not an open-ended invitation or a pathway to citizenship.   Yet over time, administrations treated TPS as anything but temporary. Excluding the first Trump administration, nearly every president extended or unlawfully redesignated TPS as a knee-jerk reaction, willfully pushing the program past its expiration date rather than enforcing the law.   Congress imposed a mandatory review at 18 months precisely to prevent this outcome. And yet, as the deadline approached, bureaucratic habit won repeatedly, turning 18 months into 35 years in the case of Somalia.   Section 244 does not authorize redesignation. It only permits designation, extension, and termination. The executive branch has not authority to cite the same emergency decades later to grant work authorization and removal protection to individuals who were not present in the United States when the original designation was made. That practice has no basis in statute and undermines our immigration system.  The Case of the Minneapolis Somalis  The consequences are rampant throughout the nation. Minneapolis is home to the largest Somali community in the world outside Somalia. In Minnesota, federal investigators have alleged that around $9 billion in Medicaid claims since 2018 may be fraudulent, potentially marking the largest scam in U.S. history.   Many of the defendants charged in those cases are of Somali descent and several have pled guilty in court. Not all TPS recipients participate in criminal conduct, but Minneapolis serves as a case study on how abuse of immigration programs causes widespread reliance on the public benefit system created to serve Americans, not foreigners.   The costs are not always overt such as fraud; they also take hidden tolls. Minnesota’s English learner education funding doubled from $5.3 million in 2003 to $10.8 million in 2023, with Somali being the most popular first language in several schools besides Spanish.   Long-running TPS designations create economic strains on health care, education, and other social services that were never intended to be permanent obligations.   It is no longer solely about a group of people who were offered brief protection in the ‘90s. According to the Department of Homeland Security, roughly 2,500 Somali nationals with TPS or pending applications will be affected by the termination. Those figures do not account for children and grandchildren born during the program’s 35-year existence at the taxpayer’s expense. The beneficiaries should have departed the country in the 1990s if perpetual redesignations had not occurred.   Cleaning Up the Biden Abuse of TPS  The Trump administration is trying to clean up the mess inherited by Kamala Harris’s open borders and immigration failures. The Biden administration deliberately expanded TPS, contrary to American security interests and granted TPS to over 1.4 million aliens by January 2025.  President Joe Biden even urged Congress to pass legislation allowing TPS recipients to apply for green cards, highlighting how the administration viewed TPS as amnesty despite the law saying otherwise.   Former Secretary of Homeland Security, Alejandro Mayorkas, extended and redesignated Somalia for TPS through March 2026, allowing new applicants and issuing automatic employment authorization extensions.  The massive expansion did not end with Somalia. TPS enrollment nearly quadrupled under the Biden administration, driven largely by new designations for Venezuela in 2021 and 2023. As of January 2025, more than 614,000 Venezuelans were protected under TPS, making up around half of all beneficiaries. A House report found that 95% were not admitted on visas and entered either illegally or through humanitarian parole—which is not a formal admission into the United States according to federal law.  The Supreme Court reiterated that truth in Sanchez v. Mayorkas in 2021, holding that TPS does not constitute an admission to the United States and does not translate into a pathway for lawful permanent residence. Any attempt to treat TPS otherwise reflects executive ignorance of both the legislative and judicial branch.   Making Temporary Mean Temporary Again  Ending TPS for Somalia means that “temporary” will once again mean temporary. It also emphasizes that the United States will not reward aliens who try to override our laws.   Congress is also responsible for allowing TPS to be manipulated. Lawmakers created the program and failed to enforce its limits. Congress should codify clear protections for Americans, including restricting eligibility to aliens present at the time of the triggering event, outlawing redesignation, capping active TPS periods at 18 months in absence of extraordinary justification, and requiring recipients to seek other immigration benefits if eligible or depart within one month of TPS termination.   Generosity is ruined by entitlement and mercy without limits enables a monster. TPS was meant to reflect American compassion without sacrificing the rule of law or public safety.  The post Somalia’s ‘Temporary’ Protection Lasted 35 Years appeared first on The Daily Signal.
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Lawmakers Tell Trump to Keep Pressuring Iran
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Lawmakers Tell Trump to Keep Pressuring Iran

A group of bi-partisan legislators are expressing their support for aggressive action against Iran as President Donald Trump and his administration consider military action. The group of nearly 60 lawmakers, led by Rep. Randy Weber, R-Texas, sent a letter to Secretary of State Marco Rubio this week, to “express our deep concern regarding the Iranian regime’s ongoing violent suppression of protests across Iran” and “urge the Department of State to continue publicly condemning the Iranian regime’s violent repression of protesters.” Webber wrote about the effort on X. “This week, I led 59 Members in urging [Rubio] to keep the pressure on the Iranian regime,” Weber said. “When they beat protesters, target hospitals, and silence dissent, the free world must speak loud and clear. The United States MUST continue condemning these abuses and stand with the Iranian people as they demand the right to determine their own future.” This week, I led 59 Members in urging @SecRubio to keep the pressure on the Iranian regime.When they beat protesters, target hospitals, and silence dissent, the free world must speak loud and clear.The United States MUST continue condemning these abuses and stand with the… pic.twitter.com/ncVUpPYLvV— Randy Weber (@TXRandy14) January 15, 2026 The lawmakers claim that the protests scattered across Iran make “clear their demand for a secular, democratic, non-nuclear republic grounded in political pluralism and respect for human dignity.” “Protesters have also explicitly rejected all forms of authoritarian rule, whether Iran’s former monarchy dictatorship its current theocratic system, and seek the right to determine their own future,” the group added. “At this critical juncture, whole-of-government support is essential to reaffirm the United States’ commitment to universal human rights and solidarity with the Iranian people, the letter concluded.” “Taking out the Ayatollahs Supreme Leader would be a major blow to Muslim terrorists trying to destroy the West,” said Rep. Randy Fine, R-Fla., of Iran’s Islamic regime in a statement shared with The Daily Signal. “I just signed onto this letter to show support for what President Trump and Secretary Rubio are doing to support the Iranian people as they fight for freedom. We must put an END to the Muslim terror regime in Iran.” In 2026, human rights organizations like the Human Rights Activist News Agency, claim the regime has killed 2,5000 protesters thus far. The letter was sent as Trump considers wheter or not military action is taken against Iran. While Trump has expressed his support for the Iranian protesters, telling the demonstrators to “keep protesting.” “KEEP PROTESTING – TAKE OVER YOUR INSTITUTIONS!!! Save the names of the killers and abusers. They will pay a big price. I have cancelled all meetings with Iranian officials until the senseless killing of protesters STOPS. HELP IS ON IT’S WAY,” Trump wrote on Truth Social. The president has also imposed a 25% tariff on any country who conducts business with the Iranian regime, ratcheted up sanctions, and cancelled all meetings between U.S. officials and the Iranian regime. Nevertheless, the president has also seemed to dial back the rhetoric surrounding a potential strike. On Thursday, Trump told reporters in the Oval Office that the U.S. had it “on good authority” that “the killing in Iran is stopping, and there’s no plan for executions.” The president took the news positively but did not rule out the possibility of a strike. This week’s letter comes as Congress is increasingly questioning Trump’s foreign policy with respect to Greenland and Venezuela. Rep. Weber Letter to Sec. Rubio RE Iran Protests 1.14.26Download The post Lawmakers Tell Trump to Keep Pressuring Iran appeared first on The Daily Signal.
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DERANGED: Acosta Floats Choking CBS’s Dokoupil, Welch Says ICE Is Like ISIS
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DERANGED: Acosta Floats Choking CBS’s Dokoupil, Welch Says ICE Is Like ISIS

Warning: This post contains explicit language. Reader discretion is advised. On Thursday’s episode of the podcast I’ve Had It, co-host and miserable, affluent, white, female liberal (AWFL) Jennifer Welch teamed up with deranged former CNN correspondent Jim Acosta for 79 minutes of dangerous, unhinged lunacy lamenting the state of America that included joking about wanting someone to “choke the living shit out of” CBS Evening News anchor Tony Dokoupil, comparing Immigration Customs and Enforcement (ICE) to ISIS, smearing Erika Kirk, and promising mass prosecutions of Republican when Democrats retake power. It began with Acosta screeching about miserable his life in D.C. has become simply because of who’s President: Jim Acosta on what it’s like to live in Washington D.C. under a second Trump term... “Oh, Jesus Christ, it is — it’s my worst nightmare. I thought we were rid of this clown four years ago. But no, they’ve come back with a vengeance. Fortunately, the DC restaurant scene is set up… pic.twitter.com/Gm9U6FamA3 — Curtis Houck (@CurtisHouck) January 16, 2026 Similarly, Welch then whined how the White House has been soiled by such odious figures like “all of the emotionally stunted dweebs.” Acosta then pitched a hissy fit because staffers in the first Trump administration...threw office happy hours: Jennifer Welch says that, in December 2024, she told her husband she was upset at a Biden Christmas party because all she could think of was “all the f**ery and all of the emotionally stunted dweebs that are going to be walking around in the White House” Jim Acosta replies:… pic.twitter.com/FZQVOyUKfu — Curtis Houck (@CurtisHouck) January 16, 2026 Following a diversion about NFL officiating and Acosta lamenting the hate for his James Madison University reaching the College Football Playoff, Welch launched into her disgusting comparison between ICE and ISIS. Obviously, Acosta concurred: WOW: Jennifer Welch says “ICE...needs to be abolished” because “this is an organization that’s behaving like ISIS” since “people would get kidnapped and they had hostages and they had on masks” and ICE drives around in “a big pickup truck with a bunch of flags in the back of it,… pic.twitter.com/QfJhJ0toSr — Curtis Houck (@CurtisHouck) January 16, 2026 Acosta giddily predicted bloodshed on American streets if Trump remains in power: [Y]ou can’t have a situation like we had in Minnesota play out all over the country. The citizens are not going to tolerate it. People are not gonna, they’re just not gonna tolerate it. And the governor of whatever state can go out there and say, please remain calm, we can’t have rioting in the streets, that’s gonna give them what they want...But at some point, it’s just gonna happen, like people are gonna, they, they, they’re gonna reach the point where they’ve had enough. Because no one has had a rougher life than Jim Acosta, Welch invited him to explain how terrible his life was while covering the first Trump White House for CNN. Acosta played all of the greatest hits from on-air meltdowns (and his wildly stupid book): Jim Acosta still wants us to feel bad that people at Trump rallies would mercilessly boo him, equating media criticism with death threats pic.twitter.com/U5TE8cxJRn — Curtis Houck (@CurtisHouck) January 16, 2026 Remember, being booed at a Trump rally is dangerous! Welch, having heard Acosta go on for over four minutes uninterrupted, jokingly said “it sounds like you’re in an abusive relationship and you need to draw boundaries and you need to get out of this” since “Donald Trump is an abuser,” “adjudicated rapist,” “emotional abuser,” and “psychological abuser.” The conversation then turned to the current state of the media with Welch asserting the press aren’t actively partisan and working to take down Trump. “[Y]ou have people like Jeff Bezos and Larry Ellison. That own these news organizations...and they allow for this abuse to be hurled at their employees making a very unsafe workspace and, to me, this is a really big story, but there’s so much fuckery going on we don’t talk about it, but there’s there’s been such a — a — a receding of decency,” she declared without a tint of irony. Claiming the media are free from “abuse” because “we are protected by the Constitution,” Welch and Acosta had the gall to claim it’s the right who’s hurled death threats and lamented Fox News viewers have put them “in the hot seat” saying “we hope you die, we hope you get gang raped.” This inevitably turned to CBS News with David Ellison coming on as the head of their parent company. Welch took the first swing, whining about “what Bari Weiss is doing right now to those poor journalists at CBS” and “serious journalists at — at 60 Minutes.” Acosta responded by first bragging about how much he loved Jeff Zucker and complaining Weiss is no Zucker because “60 Minutes is in trouble” and thus “we’re all in trouble” with Weiss “spiking a segment on CECOT and the gulag...down there in El Salvador, a torture prison.” Then came the sophomoric attacks, including joking about wanting Walter Cronkite to come back from the dead so he could “choke the living shit out of” CBS Evening News anchor Tony Dokoupil for his January 6 segment about Marco Rubio memes: WATCH: After saying CBS News is “state-compromised media...subject to the whims of a mad king president,” Jim Acosta threatens @CBSEveningNews anchor @TonyDokoupil, saying he wishes Walter Cronkite could “come back from the great beyond to choke the living **** out of him and… pic.twitter.com/mg0b9izNQl — Curtis Houck (@CurtisHouck) January 16, 2026 The two then mocked a new core value of the CBS Evening News with Tony Dokoupil about loving America: Jennifer Welch mocks CBS News for its core value declaring we love America because “that’s not your job” and journalists shouldn’t “feel emotion toward America.” Jim Acosta slightly disagrees, saying “we all love America” and “that’s why we’re doing this” and “I f***ing love… pic.twitter.com/BwAUwNQ76s — Curtis Houck (@CurtisHouck) January 16, 2026 Of course, Acosta went right to Dokoupil’s news brief from January 6 on the fifth anniversary of the Capitol riot, insisting this was proof we should all ask “what the fuck is going on with these people” and America lacks “a free press that can hold the goddamn President of the United States accountable.” Because this is what the left thinks America wants more of, Acosta had more f-bombs to hurl at Dokoupil and Weiss: More Jim Acosta on why he doesn’t believe Bari Weiss and Tony Dokoupil are real journalists because real journalist would tell Donald Trump on the phone to “go f*** yourself”.... “[W]hen I saw CBS [saying they love America], I said, what the fuck is going on with these people?… pic.twitter.com/iHvS3B6Ghk — Curtis Houck (@CurtisHouck) January 16, 2026 To insist he was a journalist, Acosta insisted he grilled the Obama administration and angered then-Press Secretary Jay Carney because he was willing to state the obvious in October 2013 that the ObamaCare website was a disaster. “[T]hat is how it should work. The — the government, can get mad at you for doing your job, but you ought to be able to say right back, fuck off. I’m doing the news. This is how it works,” he said in summarizing that anecdote. Going to an ad break, he took another cheap shot at Dokoupil: Jim Acosta on Tony Dokoupil: “[I]f the anchor of the CBS Evening News feels that the corporate overlords are making his life a living hell, then he should go on the air at the end of his broadcast and say, they’re making my life a living hell. I can’t tell you guys the truth. I… pic.twitter.com/W25R15DH1v — Curtis Houck (@CurtisHouck) January 16, 2026 When the chat resumed, Welch insisted CBS News is “further [right] than Fox” and Acosta joked it’s worse than “even the little North Korean lady”: LOL: Jennifer Welch and Jim Acosta say CBS News under Bari Weiss is “further [right] than Fox” and “even the little North Korean lady who reads the news is like, dial it in” and “offended” because “it’s a little out of control” pic.twitter.com/VZsFCkfi5w — Curtis Houck (@CurtisHouck) January 16, 2026 Finally moving off the media, Welch claimed influential, young conservative leaders are all gay: In which Jennifer Welch and Jim Acosta actually, seriously insist Jesse Watters and "couchf***er" JD Vance plus Josh Hawley and Harrison Butker are each in a gay affair because they have "such excellent gaydar" and should "just do it" because they'll "have a great life" and… pic.twitter.com/2o3XKe6EXB — Curtis Houck (@CurtisHouck) January 16, 2026 Acosta and Welch also prescribed their ideal future of the Democrat Party, including massive prosecutions of Republicans: Jennifer Welch says Democrats must reject "far-right AIPAC money" and the country needs true Democrat leadership again like...Andrew Cuomo during Covid or else they'll continue to be "preserving the Democratic Party that lost two times to a f***ing times to unhinged, mentally ill… pic.twitter.com/BllmfOwhNP — Curtis Houck (@CurtisHouck) January 16, 2026 WATCH: Jim Acosta weirdly smears Erika Kirk while criticizing the Democrat Party for lacking a spine: “Erika Kirk can go off and shoot off fireworks at the Turning Point convention, and yet Hakeem Jeffries is worried about going to Mamdani’s inauguration. It was like, I would… pic.twitter.com/ot2wa6XHTg — Curtis Houck (@CurtisHouck) January 16, 2026 Jennifer Welch — an influential Democrat podcast — promises mass prosecutions of President Trump, Republicans writ large if Democrats retake power because that will be the only way to achieve true national reconciliation Jim Acosta adds Supreme Court seats must be added if… pic.twitter.com/gUdNOwarA8 — Curtis Houck (@CurtisHouck) January 16, 2026 The pair from hell even provided proof to the constant state of psychosis on the left that the next heir apparent is always worse than the current leader: Jennifer Welch — an influential Democrat podcast — promises mass prosecutions of President Trump, Republicans writ large if Democrats retake power because that will be the only way to achieve true national reconciliation Jim Acosta adds Supreme Court seats must be added if… pic.twitter.com/gUdNOwarA8 — Curtis Houck (@CurtisHouck) January 16, 2026 At the 68-minute mark, Welch hurled a slew of vile accusations at Turning Point USA and claimed without evidence the country was horrified at Charlie Kirk’s memorial service: Jennifer Welch claims there was a huge, national backlash against Christianity and MAGA because of Charlie Kirk’s funeral because... - “Nobody surrounding Charlie Kirk even talks about” gun control - It was too “pyrotechnics, Christian nationalist, Bible-thumping” - “Country… pic.twitter.com/jQYeGRCFPf — Curtis Houck (@CurtisHouck) January 16, 2026 Before closing out (and after Acosta displayed a weird belief America is like a Disney or Rocky movie in that evil — the right — will eventually lose), Acosta trumpeted his supposedly brave act of cancelling his Washington Post subscription because the editorial board expressed support for the concept of a White House ballroom (click “expand”): WELCH: And we need to remember that none of these corporations are anything without us —  ACOSTA: That’s right. WELCH: and our money. And if they want to shit on their customers, we’ll just start boycotting them. ACOSTA: I canceled my Washington Post. I mean, this is the paper I grew up with. My mom would get it on her doorstep every morning, read it cover to cover every morning. I canceled that fucking thing. WELCH: Did it feel good? ACOSTA: When they came out with the editorial and said it was okay to bulldoze half the White House, I click, canceled — I canceled it live on my show. I — I said, no, fuck this noise. We have to start standing up, not just to Trump, but to all of the enablers, and a message has to be sent, this is running out. Which side are you gonna be on? Our side or his side? WELCH: I agree. To see the relevant transcript from January 15, click here.
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Sylvia Likens, The 16-Year-Old Who Was Tortured And Murdered By Caretaker Gertrude Baniszewski
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Sylvia Likens, The 16-Year-Old Who Was Tortured And Murdered By Caretaker Gertrude Baniszewski

Wikimedia CommonsSixteen-year-old Sylvia Likens before staying with Gertrude Bansizewski and after being tortured to death. In 1965, 16-year-old Sylvia Likens was sent to the home of a family friend, Gertrude Baniszewski, while her parents were traveling. But Likens never made it out alive. Gertrude Baniszewski and her children tortured Sylvia Likens to death. The perpetrators even managed to involve an entire neighborhood of kids to help them commit this brutal murder. As the autopsy in the Sylvia Likens case later showed, she endured unimaginable torment before she died. Nevertheless, her killers faced almost no justice at all. How Sylvia Likens Came Under The Care Of Gertrude Baniszewski Bettmann/Getty ImagesGertrude Baniszewski’s police photo, taken shortly after her arrest on Oct. 28, 1965. Sylvia Likens’ parents were both carnival workers and were therefore on the road more often than not. They struggled to make ends meet as her father Lester had only an eighth-grade education and a total of five children to care for. Jenny was quiet and withdrawn with a limp from polio. Sylvia was more confident and went by the nickname “Cookie” and had been described as pretty though she had a missing front tooth. In July 1965, Lester Likens decided to take up with the carnival again while his wife was jailed for shoplifting that summer. Sylvia’s brothers, Danny and Bennie, were put into the care of their grandparents. With few other options, Sylvia and Jenny were sent to stay with a family friend named Gertrude Baniszewski. Gertrude was every bit as poor as the Likens and had seven of her own kids to support in her run-down home. She made little cash by charging her neighbors a few dollars to iron their laundry. She’d already been through multiple divorces, some of which resulted in physical abuse against her and dealt with a crippling depression through heavy doses of prescription drugs. She was in no condition to take care of two teenaged girls. The Likens, though, didn’t think they had any other choice. Lester Likens cryptically requested that Baniszewski “straighten his daughters out” when he placed them in her care for $20 a week. What Happened To Sylvia Likens Inside Her New Home For the first two weeks at the Baniszewski’s, Sylvia and her sister were treated kindly enough, though Gertrude’s oldest daughter, 17-year-old Paula Baniszewski, seemed to butt heads with Sylvia often. Then one week their father’s payment came in late. “I took care of you two bitches for two weeks for nothing,” Gertrude spat at Sylvia and Jenny. She grabbed Sylvia by the arm, dragged her into a room, and closed the door. Jenny could only sit outside the door and listen as her sister screamed. The money arrived the following day, but the torture had just begun. Gertrude soon began to abuse both Sylvia and Jenny in broad daylight. Though a frail woman, Gertrude used a heavy paddle and thick, leather belt from one of her husband’s who had been a cop. When she was too exhausted or too weak to discipline the girls herself, Paula stepped in to take her place. Sylvia, however, soon became the focus of the abuse. Gertrude Baniszewski demanded that Jenny join in, lest she take her sister’s place as the brunt of the abuse. Gertrude accused Sylvia of stealing from her and burned the girl’s fingertips. She took her to a church function and force-fed her free hot dogs until she was sick. Then, as punishment for throwing up good food, she forced her to eat her own vomit. She allowed her children — in fact, encouraged her children — to partake in the abuse of Sylvia and her sister. The Baniszewski kids practiced karate on Sylvia, slammed her into walls and onto the floor. They used her skin as an ashtray, threw her downstairs, and cut open her skin and rubbed salt into her wounds. After this, she would often be “cleansed” in a scalding hot bath. Gertrude gave sermons on the evils of sexual immortality while Paula stomped on Sylvia’s vagina. Paula, who herself was pregnant, accused Sylvia of being with child and mutilated the girl’s genitals. Gertrude’s 12-year-old son John Jr. delighted in forcing the girl to lick his youngest sibling’s soiled diapers clean. Sylvia was forced to strip naked and shove an empty Coca-Cola bottle into her vagina while the Baniszewski children watched. Sylvia was so beaten that she was unable to use the bathroom voluntarily. When she wet her mattress, Gertrude decided that the girl was no longer fit to live with the rest of her children. The 16-year-old was then locked in the basement without food or access to the bathroom. An Entire Neighborhood Joins Gertrude Baniszewski In The Torture Bettmann/Getty ImagesRichard Hobbs, a neighbor boy who helped beat Sylvia Likens to death, Oct. 28, 1965. Gertrude spread every story she could imagine to get the local kids to join in on the beatings. She told her daughter that Sylvia had called her a whore and got her daughter’s friends to come over and beat her up for it. Later during the trial, some of the kids were open about how Gertrude had recruited them. One teenage girl named Anna Siscoe recalled how Gertrude told her that Sylvia had been saying: “She said my mother went out with all sorts of men and got $5.00 for going to bed with the men.” Anna never bothered to find out if it was true. Gertrude told her, “I don’t care what you do to Sylvia.” She invited over to her home and just watched as Anna threw Sylvia down to the ground, beat her face, and kick her. Gertrude told her own children that Sylvia was a prostitute. Then she had Ricky Hobbs, a neighborhood boy, and her 11-year-old daughter Marie carve the words “I’m a prostitute and proud of it” into her abdomen with a heated needle. At one point, Sylvia’s older sister Diana attempted to see the girls under Gertrude’s care but was turned away at the door. Jenny later reported how Diana snuck food into the basement in which Sylvia was hidden. A neighbor had also reported the incidents to a public health nurse who, upon entering the home and not seeing Sylvia for she was locked in a basement, concluded that nothing was wrong. Baniszewski had also managed to convince the nurse that she had kicked the Likens girls out. Other next-door neighbors allegedly were aware of how Sylvia was abused. They had seen Paula strike the girl in the Baniszewski home on two separate occasions but claimed not to report the abuse because they feared for their own lives. Jenny was threatened, bullied, and beaten by the Baniszewski’s and neighbor girls alike should she go to the authorities. The abuse of Sylvia continued unhindered, in fact, aided by all those around her. The Brutal Death Of Sylvia Likens The Indianapolis Star/Wikimedia CommonsJenny Likens, Sylvia’s sister, photographed during the trial. “I’m going to die,” Sylvia told her sister three days before she did. “I can tell.” Gertrude could tell too and so she forced Sylvia to write a note in which she told her parents that she’d run away. Sylvia was also forced to write that she’d met up with a group of boys and given them sexual favors and afterward, they’d beaten her and mutilated her body. Shortly after this Sylvia overheard Gertrude Baniszewski tell her children that she was going to take Sylvia to a forest and leave her there to die. A desperate Sylvia Likens attempted one final escape. She managed to get out the front door before Gertrude caught her. Sylvia was so weak from her injuries she could not have possibly gotten too far. With the assistance of a neighbor boy named Coy Hubbard, Gertrude beat Sylvia with a curtain rod until she fell unconscious. Then, when she came back to, she stomped on her head. Welkerlots/YouTubeSylvia Likens’ body is carried inside of a closed casket, 1965. Sylvia was dead by Oct. 26, 1965, from a brain hemorrhage, shock, and malnutrition. After three months of torture and starvation, she could no longer form intelligible words and could barely move her limbs. When the police came, Gertrude stuck with her cover story. Sylvia had been out with boys in the woods, she told them, and they’d beaten her to death and carved “I’m a prostitute and proud of it” into her body. Jenny, though, took her chance. As soon as she could get close enough to a police officer she whispered, “Get me out of here and I’ll tell you everything.” The police arrested Gertrude, Paula, Stephanie and John Baniszewski, Richard Hobbs, and Coy Hubbard for murder. Neighborhood participants Mike Monroe, Randy Lepper, Darlene McGuire, Judy Duke, and Anna Siscoe were also arrested for “injury to person.” These minors would blame Gertrude for being pressured to partake in the death of Sylvia Likens. Gertrude herself pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity. “She’s not responsible,” her defense attorney told the court, “because she’s not all here.” There were several more children involved who proved just too young to be charged. Ultimately though, on May 19, 1966, Gertrude Baniszewski was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. She was spared the death penalty despite her own lawyer admitting that, “In my opinion, she ought to go to the electric chair.” Paula Baniszewski, who had given birth to a daughter during the trial, was convicted of second-degree murder and was also sentenced to life imprisonment. Richard Hobbs, Coy Hubbard, and John Baniszewski Jr. were all convicted of manslaughter and given two 2-to-21-year prison sentences based on the fact that they were minors. The three boys were all paroled just two years later in 1968. How Gertrude Baniszewski And Her Children Eluded Justice Wikimedia CommonsGertrude Baniszewski, photographed after being granted parole in 1986. Gertrude spent 20 years behind bars. There was no question about her guilt. The autopsy backed up everything Jenny told the police: Sylvia Likens had died slowly and painfully over several months. In 1971, both Gertrude and Paula were retried to the result that Gertrude was again found guilty. Paula pleaded guilty to a lesser charge of voluntary manslaughter and was sentenced to two to 21 years. She once even managed to escape despite being recaptured. After about eight years behind bars, Paula was released and she moved to Iowa where she changed her name and became a teacher’s aide. She was suspended from her position when in 2012 an anonymous caller tipped off the school district that Paula was once convicted of the death of 16-year-old Sylvia Likens. Gertrude Baniszewski was granted parole on good behavior on Dec. 4, 1985. Jenny and a whole crowd of people picketed outside the prison to protest her release, but it was no use. Gertrude Baniszewski was set free. The only relief Jenny received came five years after Gertrude’s release when the murderess died of lung cancer. “Some good news,” Jenny wrote to her mother with a copy of the woman’s obituary. “Damn old Gertrude died! Ha ha ha! I am happy about that.” Jenny never did blame her parents for what happened to her sister. “My mom was a really good mom,” Jenny has said. “All she did was trust Gertrude.” After this horrific look at the case of Sylvia Likens, find out about the California parents who kept 13 children shackled to their beds or the gruesome story of the acid bath killer. The post Sylvia Likens, The 16-Year-Old Who Was Tortured And Murdered By Caretaker Gertrude Baniszewski appeared first on All That's Interesting.
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Inside The Still-Unsolved Murder Of 13-Year-Old Aarushi Talwar
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Inside The Still-Unsolved Murder Of 13-Year-Old Aarushi Talwar

Nupur Talwar (left) and her husband Rajesh (right) attend a memorial for their mysteriously slain daughter, Aarushi Talwar. When 13-year-old Aarushi Talwar was found dead with her throat slit in her bedroom in Noida, India on May 16, 2008, authorities immediately turned to her parents for answers. And because suicide by throat-cutting is rare, police were certain they were dealing with a homicide. But the ensuing investigation turned out to be anything but simple. In fact, it took so many sharp turns over such a long period of time that it became a sensational whodunnit of nearly unparalleled proportions. At first, the primary suspect was 45-year-old Hemraj Banjade, who was hired help at Rajesh and Nupur Talwar’s home — that is, until he too was found dead just one day after Aarushi Talwar. His body was found partially decomposed on the terrace of the Talwar home. With two murders now on their hands, the authorities began to bungle the investigation, including by not securing the crime scene after Aarushi Talwar’s death and for allowing the media and a curious public alike to venture into the home hours after the murder. Nevertheless, the investigation quickly found its target, those with the most access and potential motive for the two killings: Talwar’s parents themselves. Aarushi Talwar’s Body Was Found Lying In A Pool Of Blood Born on May 24, 1994 to two dentists, Aarushi Talwar was a student at the Delhi Public School and lived in Noida’s Sector 25 with her parents at the time of her death. Rajesh and Nupur Talwar practiced at a clinic in Sector 27 as well as at Fortis Hospital where the former headed the dental department. Anita and Praful Durrani, close friends with the Talwars, shared the Noida clinic with the couple. Rajesh and Anita took the morning shifts from 9 a.m. to noon while Praful and Nupur had the evenings from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m. TwitterThe 13-year-old girl was bludgeoned in the head with a golf club before her throat was slit with a kukri blade. At 6:01 a.m. on the morning of May 16, the doorbell rang. Housemaid Bharti was usually let inside by Banjade, but he was strangely missing in action. She rang the bell three more times and was finally greeted by Nupur, who was on the balcony. This was extremely unusual, as Aarushi Talwar’s parents were known to sleep in because they worked the evening shifts at the office. Banjade was the one who took care of letting servants or guests in. The gate at the entrance was locked from the outside, so Nupur had to throw Bharti a set of keys. When the maid walked into the home, she noticed Rajesh was awake too. Both parents were in their daughter’s room, crying. “Look what Hemraj has done,” they said. It was then that Bharti saw Aarushi Talwar motionless in a puddle of blood, her throat slit by a kukri knife. She rushed to get the neighbors and some medical assistance. Of course, it was already far too late to help the girl. A memorial tree in commemoration of Aarushi Talwar in Noida. When the police arrived at 7:15 a.m., a crowd of 15 people that the Talwars had called was already in the living room while five or six others were in the Talwars’ master bedroom. In terms of crime scene tampering, having dozens of people taint the integrity of DNA evidence and move things around was fairly egregious. Most of the 28 fingerprint samples police lifted from the crime scene were smudged and useless. Oddly enough, Rajesh told the police not to open the locked terrace door and offered them Rs 25,000 ($365) to track Banjade down. The narrative that it was the live-in servant took root almost immediately. The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) later mentioned how actively the Talwars were pushing this story. Rajesh and Nupur furthermore claimed not to have heard a single sound while the murders took place. They said that their closed door and air conditioning unit blocked out the sounds of bludgeoning and laceration. Wikimedia CommonsA bloodstained kukri knife was found in the home of Krishna Thadarai, an assistant of the Talwars. He was released by the CBI after a court found the bureau had used excessive interrogation techniques. The Night Of Aarushi Talwar’s Murder The night Aarushi Talwar was murdered, her friend Anmol called the Talwars’ landline. It was around midnight and Anmol couldn’t get through to his friend’s cell phone. Aarushi Talwar typically stayed up after midnight talking to her friends and otherwise using her phone. On May 15, however, her phone was inactive after 9:10 p.m. Anmol’s call to the house was left unanswered so he sent her a text message at around 12:30 a.m. The message was never received by her phone as it had already been shut off. It would later be found on a dirt track near Noida’s Sadarpur area by a maid. The memory had been wiped clean. The CBI closure report found that the Talwars got home from work at 9:30 p.m. the night of their daughter’s death. They apparently had dinner with her and gave her a new digital camera as an early birthday present. After taking a few photos together, the family retired at 11 p.m., at which time they later said they saw their daughter reading a book. The last photo of Aarushi had been snapped at 10 p.m. It’s important to note that Aarushi’s bedroom door was routinely locked at bedtime. The keys were usually left on Nupur’s night table — but the mother later told police she couldn’t remember whether she locked her daughter’s door that night or not. Rajesh, meanwhile, was on the internet to catch up on emails and the fluctuating state of his stock portfolio. He sent his last email at 11:57 p.m. after receiving a call on the landline. He then went to bed, as far as anyone knows, though the last internet usage was clocked in just after midnight. Both Aarushi and Banjade are believed to have been killed between midnight and 1 a.m. It was discovered that Aarushi’s internet router was turned off at 3:43 a.m., which suggested that whoever had walked into her bedroom to turn it off either didn’t notice a blood-soaked bed and dead girl lying in it or was responsible for her death. The next day, keys to the apartment and terrace were reportedly found by Nupur on Banjade’s bed. The keys to Aarushi’s bedroom were in the living room. There was no other set of house keys even though the property’s gate was locked from the outside. Clearly, somebody else had a spare set. But who? Sakib Ali/Hindustan Times via Getty ImagesThe press was all over the Talwar case, particularly the day the guilty verdict came down. The couple was charged with murder, destruction of evidence, and common intent. Ghaziabad, India. Nov. 25, 2013. Discovering The Body Of Hemraj Banjade When doctors came to visit the Talwar residence to check up on the distraught parents, they noticed bloodstains on the handle of the terrace door which was still locked. They also noticed smudged, bloody footmarks on the floor and bloodstains on the staircase. Rajesh was asked for the terrace keys but didn’t produce them and instead went inside after he noticed the blood on the door handle. He remained inside for an entire day, with police unable to access the terrace. Banjade’s body was discovered the following day, on May 17. The telephonic loop from the day before was coincidentally repeated twice between 9 a.m. and 10 a.m. that morning he was discovered. Gautam called journalists he knew to arrive at the house before the terrace gate was opened. On May 17, the police broke the terrace lock open as the keys were still missing and found Banjade’s decomposing body. There was evidence that both dead bodies were moved around the apartment. The new narrative was that Banjade had been dragged to the terrace in a bedsheet. The terrace door was then locked, and the killers then re-entered the house and drank whiskey. The liquor cabinet was fairly well hidden behind a wooden panel. A bottle of whiskey found on the kitchen table had bloodstains of both victims on it. The police, however, had failed to collect proper samples from it. The crime scene also appeared to be “dressed up” and scrubbed of any evidence that would point toward the Talwars. The Talwars told their servants to clean up the floor and walls of her room with soap and water. Her bloody mattress was tossed out onto the terrace of a neighbor. Meanwhile, phone records show that between 3 p.m. and 6 p.m. on May 16, Rajesh’s older brother Dinesh, his family friend Sushil Chaudhury, the retired deputy superintendent of police K.K. Gautam, and someone at an unidentified number all began to communicate while the autopsy report was being written. Dinesh called Chaudhury who would then call Gautam. Gautam would call the unidentified number. This would then repeat but in reverse order six whole times. The CBI later said these communications may have been attempts by the family to use their connection to Gautam to erase references to “rape” from the autopsy report. The theory goes that Rajesh may have caught his daughter having sex (perhaps consensual, perhaps not) with Benjade and killed them both in a fit of rage — and so he wanted any references to intercourse out of the report. At this point, with Benjade discovered dead, the Talwars became prime suspects. They knew where the liquor cabinet was, they had keys to the house, and they were in the house when the murders took place. Rajesh was arrested by police on May 23. Initial Theories About The Noida Double Murder Case One expert who first inspected the crime scene said that the killings were done by somebody “very close to Aarushi.” Evidence that she’d had sex — and that her vagina had been penetrated and subsequently cleaned by someone — was also present, but there was no semen found. Wikimedia CommonsA detailed map of the Talwar residence’s second floor. As the aforementioned phone calls may have suggested, the police suspected Rajesh Talwar found his live-in servant and young daughter engaged in sexual activity and murdered his daughter as an honor killing and Banjade for raping her. Another theory was that Rajesh himself had been engaged in extramarital relations and was confronted by his daughter and blackmailed by Banjade. These allegations weren’t taken lightly by the Talwar family. They claimed the police were trying to frame them as the killers to cover up how badly they’d handled the investigation before turning it over to the CBI. The CBI actually exonerated the two parents at first. Their new suspects became the Talwars’ assistant, Krishna Thadarai, and two servants, Rajkumar and Vijay Mandal. What seemed clear to the CBI from the outset was that this was an inside job. Whoever killed Aarushi and Banjade had access to the home as there were no signs of forced entry and the property’s gate was locked from the outside. The CBI’s interrogation of the three new suspects led them to believe that Aarushi was killed after a failed sexual assault and Banjade fell victim to those responsible for the act. Because of the unethical interrogations conducted to arrive at that point, however, all three were released after no concrete evidence was found. What confused everyone, though, was why the killer would leave Banjade rotting on the terrace, particularly if those responsible lived there. One theory the CBI posited was that the body was hidden there in order to dispose of it after the investigation of Aarushi’s crime scene had been completed. With so much media attention and persons wading through the home, however, that was no longer an option. Though there just wasn’t enough evidence because the crime scene had been so extraordinarily tampered with, the CBI also then began to suspect that Aarushi’s parents were involved. In 2010, however, the CBI handed its investigation over to another team that recommended closing the case. Nonetheless, it named Rajesh as the only credible suspect — even while refusing to charge him, since the actual proof was nonexistent. The Talwar family opposed this accusation to no avail. The bureau reopened the investigation in 2011 and designated Rajesh and Nupur as the primary suspects. When the CBI changed its status of the closure report to a charge sheet in February 2011, the Talwars petitioned this at the Allahabad High Court and the Supreme Court — but failed. They were now going to trial for their daughter’s death. The Trials Of The Talwars The trial began on May 11, 2013 and concluded with a guilty verdict for both defendants on Nov. 25, 2013. According to NDTV, the prosecution posited this explanation for the murder of Aarushi Talwar: On the night of the murders, Rajesh heard a noise and assumed it had come from Banjade’s room. He didn’t find anyone in there and picked up the golf club from Banjade’s room before entering Aarushi’s. There he saw the pair engaged in sexual activity. Rajesh clubbed the 45-year-old servant over the head. When he tried to hit him again, Banjade moved — leading the father to accidentally strike his own daughter instead. By the time Nupur was awakened by the noise and rushed into the room, both Banjade and Aarushi were near death. “The injured Hemraj had fallen from the bed,” said special prosecutor AGL Kaul. “Both checked Aarushi’s pulse and found her near-dead which scared them and they decided to kill Hemraj so no one discovered the incident.” Imtiyaz Khan/Anadolu Agency/Getty ImagesNupur (right) and Rajesh Talwar (left) leave Dasna Prison after being acquitted by the Allahabad High Court on October 16, 2017. Ghaziabad, India. The married couple realized they’d have to fabricate a scenario in order to get away with the double-murder of their daughter Aarushi Talwar and their servant. They wrapped Banjade’s body up and took him to the terrace to get rid of his corpse another time. They slit his throat and decided to do the same to their daughter. They also cleaned her vagina. Rajesh and Nupur then cleaned the crime scene — bloodstains on the floor, any stained clothing, whatever they could see was tainted by the violent act was mopped up and disposed of. The couple then left the house, locked the gates from the outside, and entered the residence from Banjade’s room to fool the authorities. That’s when the father sat himself down and drank some whiskey. The Talwars Go To Prison In November 2013, after years of trials and legal proceedings, Rajesh and Nupur Talwar were sentenced to life in prison. The decision was heavily criticised for being based on circumstantial and unconvincing evidence, and the Talwars took their appeal to the Allahabad High Court. According to India Today, the Allahabad High Court overturned the CBI’s court judgment in 2017 due to a lack of direct evidence. There were no eyewitnesses, said the judges. The CBI had also failed to provide a strong motive, in their opinion. The judges also noted that the Supreme Court has previously established that if there’s no direct evidence, reasonable doubt should override suspicion. It took four years, but the parents did manage to get acquitted on Oct. 12, 2017 and have remained free ever since. The case remains legally unsolved and the family points fingers at the CBI, local police, and the media for ruining an investigation that should’ve resulted in their daughter’s murderer being identified. The Talwar case was almost immediately a magnet for the press, and remained that way until the Talwars were acquitted in 2017. The CBI was not content with this decision. Former CBI Director AP Singh, particularly, felt his bureau had been dealing with a highly manipulated environment and scarce opportunities for evidence. “Only weakness we found [with our investigation] was that scene of [the] crime had been badly tampered [with] on the first day itself,” said Singh. “As a result, after that, we got nothing of value from the scene of the crime. That was the major lacuna in the entire investigation.” The parents were initially convicted of murder but were acquitted in 2017 for a lack of evidence. It was Singh himself who famously stated in court that though they lacked enough evidence, the CBI believed the parents were involved. When he wanted to close the case, the court didn’t allow it and instead ordered the Talwars to stand trial on charges of murder. But in the end, more than a decade after the bodies of Aarushi Talwar and Hemraj Banjade were found in a double-murder that stunned Noida, India, the case remains unsolved. After reading the macabre story of the Aarushi Talwar double murder case, learn about the murder of Sylvia Likens by her caretaker and the whole neighborhood. Then, read about how 15-year-old Zachary Davis bludgeoned his mother to death. The post Inside The Still-Unsolved Murder Of 13-Year-Old Aarushi Talwar appeared first on All That's Interesting.
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Scientists Uncover Evidence Of The Oldest Known Arrow Poison On 60,000-Year-Old Arrowheads
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Scientists Uncover Evidence Of The Oldest Known Arrow Poison On 60,000-Year-Old Arrowheads

Marlize LombardBoth sides of one of the prehistoric arrowheads analyzed in the new study. Archaeologists have found the world’s oldest direct evidence of poisoned arrowheads, revealing that hunter-gatherers in modern-day South Africa were using sophisticated weapons to hunt prey as far back as 60,000 years ago. A new study, published in the journal Science Advances, details how researchers detected traces of toxic compounds on tiny quartz arrow tips excavated from the Umhlatuzana Rock Shelter in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal Province. The findings pushed back the earliest confirmed use of poisoned arrows by tens of thousands of years. The Oldest Evidence Of Humans Using Poisoned Arrows “This is the oldest direct evidence that humans used arrow poison,” study co-author Marlize Lombard said in a press release. “It shows that our ancestors in southern Africa not only invented the bow and arrow much earlier than previously thought, but also understood how to use nature’s chemistry to increase hunting efficiency.” The research team analyzed 10 microliths — small, quartz-backed stone points used as arrow tips — that came from a layer of sediments dated to 60,000 years ago. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, they identified plant-derived, toxic alkaloids on five of the microliths. The two toxic compounds discovered were buphanidrine and epibuphanisine. Researchers believe the toxic compounds were probably collected from a plant called Boophone disticha, or the Bushman’s poison bulb. This plant is known locally as a gifbol or a poisonous onion, and it’s long been used by the region’s Indigenous hunters. Some traditional hunters in the area, like the San and Khoe peoples, still use this poison to slow down their prey as opposed to delivering a knockout blow. Wikimedia CommonsA lone bulb of Boophone disticha. To authenticate their find, the scientists compared the traces on the ancient tools with those from 250-year-old poisoned bone arrows collected by European explorers and extracts from modern Boophone disticha bulbs. The results were a match. “Finding traces of the same poison on both prehistoric and historical arrowheads was crucial,” said co-author Sven Isaksson of Stockholm University’s Archaeological Research Laboratory, who helped carry out the analyses. “By carefully studying the chemical structure of the substances and thus drawing conclusions about their properties, we were able to determine that these particular substances are stable enough to survive this long in the ground.” “It’s also fascinating that people had such a deep and long-standing understanding of the use of plants,” he added. More Evidence That Prehistoric Humans Were Advanced Thinkers This discovery is about more than just ancient hunting methods — it serves as a window into the minds of our early human ancestors. Crafting and using a poisoned arrow requires a certain level of cognitive abilities, and the hunter-gatherers must have used advanced planning and causal reasoning when preparing and using their arrows. They would also need to have a deep understanding of local plants and animal behavior. Early hunters had to identify the correct toxic plant, extract its poison, and apply it to an arrow tip so it could be delivered into the prey’s wound. They then needed patience and foresight to track the wounded animal afterward, knowing the poison would eventually take effect. “Using arrow poison requires planning, patience, and an understanding of cause and effect,” explained Linnaeus University’s Anders Högberg. “It is a clear sign of advanced thinking in early humans.” Previous research has identified the use of plant-based poisons in other ancient weapons, such as 7,000-year-old poison arrowheads, but even following those discoveries, researchers suggested that the practice probably stretched much further back into prehistory. These new findings confirm that suspicion. “This is the result of a long and close collaboration between researchers in South Africa and Sweden,” Sven Isaksson said. “Being able to identify the world’s oldest arrow poison together has been a complex undertaking and is incredibly encouraging for continued research.” Next, read about the infamous Aqua Tofana poison used by 17th-century Italian women to kill their husbands. Or, learn why the manchineel tree is often called the “tree of death.” The post Scientists Uncover Evidence Of The Oldest Known Arrow Poison On 60,000-Year-Old Arrowheads appeared first on All That's Interesting.
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New Analysis Has Revealed The Water Of Pompeii Was Dense In Heavy Metals — And May Have Foretold Mount Vesuvius’ Eruption
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New Analysis Has Revealed The Water Of Pompeii Was Dense In Heavy Metals — And May Have Foretold Mount Vesuvius’ Eruption

Miguel Hermoso Cuesta/Wikimedia CommonsAncient baths in Pompeii “did not meet the high hygienic standards usually attributed to the Romans.” Before the Roman city of Pompeii was destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 C.E., it was a thriving colony with roads, restaurants, and, of course, bathhouses. But a new study of the water supply in Pompeii has revealed that these baths were filled with heavy metals and that the quality of drinking water in the town was poor. Ultimately, the city built an aqueduct. But before that point, its water — for both bathing and drinking — was supplied by deep wells that contained mineralized groundwater connected to volcanic deposits. ‘Far From Ideal’: A Study Of Pompeii’s Water Quality According to a new study published in the journal PNAS, researchers from Johannes Gutenberg University studied the water quality in Pompeii by taking a look at the city’s ancient carbonate deposits. They sought to understand how water quality in the city changed when Pompeii transitioned from wells to an aqueduct during the reign of Emperor Augustus (27 B.C.E. to 14 C.E.). Cees Passchier/Johannes Gutenberg UniversityCarbonate samples from Pompeii’s pre-Roman “Republican Baths,” which date back to 130 B.C.E. To learn more, researchers used isotope analysis to study the carbonate deposits that had formed over time in the city’s aqueduct, water towers, well shafts, and the pools of the public baths. They found that the city’s water quality was particularly poor during the period when Pompeii’s water came from wells. “The baths were originally supplied by deep wells with water-lifting devices, and the hygienic conditions in them were far from ideal,” Dr. Gül Sürmelihindi of the Institute of Geosciences at Johannes Gutenberg University, the lead author of the study, said in a university statement. “We found completely different patterns of stable isotopes and trace elements in the carbonates from the aqueduct and in those from the wells.” The researchers also found evidence of heavy metals in Pompeii’s bath water, including lead, zinc, and copper. The bathhouses seemingly underwent renovations in the first century C.E. that replaced boilers and pipes, causing heavy metal levels to increase (and making the bath water warmer). So, what made the water quality in Pompeii so terrible? The Cause Of Pompeii’s Poor Water Quality “In the so-called Republican Baths — the oldest public bathing facilities in the city, dating back to pre-Roman times around 130 B.C.E. — we were able to prove through isotope analysis that the bath water was provided from wells, and not renewed regularly,” Sürmelihindi explained. She added, “Therefore, the hygienic condition did not meet the high hygienic standards usually attributed to the Romans.” Cees Passchier/Johannes Gutenberg UniversityRuins of the oldest public baths in Pompeii, which date back to 130 B.C.E. Specifically, Sürmelihindi believes that the bath water was probably changed just once a day, which makes sense, because changing the water was an arduous task undertaken by enslaved workers. “After all,” she noted, “the baths were supplied by a water-lifting machine, powered by slaves via a kind of treadwheel.” What’s more, when Pompeii used water from wells, it was using “highly mineralized groundwater” from volcanic deposits under the city. This water was not suitable for drinking. But during Roman times under Emperor Augustus, the city built an aqueduct, which increased the amount of water available for bathing and provided better drinking water. However, Pompeii wasn’t able to enjoy the improvement of its water quality for long. In 79 C.E., Mount Vesuvius catastrophically erupted, burying Pompeii and the nearby town of Herculaneum in deadly volcanic ash and killing some 2,000 people in Pompeii (as well as an estimated 16,000 in the region). The eruption horrified the ancient world — at the time, Romans didn’t even have a word for “volcano” — and the destruction was unthinkable. In fact, researchers found cyclical patterns in the level of carbon isotopes that may reveal fluctuating levels of volcanic carbon dioxide in the city’s water supply leading up to the natural disaster. While tragic, the eruption of Mount Vesuvius also preserved much of Pompeii as if in amber. Today, researchers can walk its streets, examine its mosaics — and even test its water supply. After reading about the horrendous quality of Pompeii’s water supply, go inside the story of the Roman Empire’s Pax Romana period, an era of unprecedented peace and prosperity. Or, look through these photos of Pompeii’s vivid frescoes. The post New Analysis Has Revealed The Water Of Pompeii Was Dense In Heavy Metals — And May Have Foretold Mount Vesuvius’ Eruption appeared first on All That's Interesting.
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Ignorant or Complicit: TMZ 'Shocked' to Learn About 'Nazi' DHS Stunt
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Ignorant or Complicit: TMZ 'Shocked' to Learn About 'Nazi' DHS Stunt

Ignorant or Complicit: TMZ 'Shocked' to Learn About 'Nazi' DHS Stunt
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