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National Review Turns 70
Seventy years ago, on Nov. 19, 1955, a new conservative journal of opinion announced that it stood athwart history yelling “Stop.” National Review soon became the flagship journal of the modern conservative movement. The masthead of that first issue included Editor and Publisher William F. Buckley Jr., senior editors James Burnham, Willmoore Kendall, Suzanne La Follette, Jonathan Mitchell, and William Schlamm, associates and contributors L. Brent Bozell, John Chamberlain, Frank Chodorov, Max Eastman, Meford Evans, Eugene Lyons, Karl Hess, Russell Kirk, Frank Meyer, Gerhart Niemeyer, Freda Utley and Richard Weaver. It was the beginning of an intellectual and political journey that 25 years later led to the election of Ronald Reagan as president of the United States.
Buckley even made being a conservative “cool.”
In retrospect, the Reagan presidency was the high point of National Review’s political and social influence. It’s been downhill ever since. But more about that later. The journey from fledgling conservative magazine to the Reagan White House was fascinating. And the key to the magazine’s political success was William F. Buckley Jr., who became a public intellectual and well-known celebrity — writing syndicated columns that appeared in hundreds of newspapers, writing non-fiction books and spy thrillers, hosting Firing Line on PBS where conservative ideas were otherwise absent, running for mayor of New York, and becoming the voice of “respectable” conservatism. Buckley even made being a conservative “cool.” (RELATED: Buckley at 100)
Buckley had help, of course. James Burnham was the dominant intellectual voice of National Review and conservatism’s leading anti-communist strategist. Frank Meyer, as Daniel Flynn notes in The Man Who Invented Conservatism, attracted great writers to the “Books, Arts and Manners” section and promoted fusionism to encourage conservative political coherence. Russell Kirk brought Burkean tradition and order to the movement. Whittaker Chambers, for a brief time period, outlined for readers what was at stake in the Cold War. Will Herberg and, later, Michael Novak melded God and conservatism. Richard Weaver brought the South’s voice and its conservative traditions into the fold. (RELATED: The Organizer of Victory: Frank S. Meyer)
Buckley kicked out the kooks from the movement and forced them to the fringe where they belonged. He appealed to the nation’s youth by birthing the Young Americans for Freedom at his home in Sharon, Conn., where the group issued the Sharon Statement in September 1960, as a declaration of conservative principles.
National Review entered the national political arena in 1964 with its support for the Goldwater campaign, which lost big at the polls but introduced to the nation the conservative political voice of Ronald Reagan. Two years later, Reagan was governor of California, two years after that, he became presidential timber. And by 1976, Reagan and the conservative movement had effectively captured the national Republican Party. In 1980 and 1984, National Review’s candidate won two landslide presidential elections.
There was, to be sure, internal divisions among NR’s writers and staff. Burnham, the political realist, was often opposed by Meyer, the counterrevolutionary ideologue. Bill Rusher wanted to form a third party when Nixon founded the EPA, left the gold standard, pursued détente with the Soviet Union, and launched the opening to Mao’s China. There were clashes between traditional conservatives, libertarians, and the growing neoconservative movement. It took the disaster of the Carter presidency to bring them all together for Reagan.
By that time, there were other conservative journals contributing to the movement: Human Events, The American Spectator, Commentary, and others. Conservative think tanks like the American Enterprise Institute and the Heritage Foundation formed policymakers who filled the ranks of the Reagan presidency. National Review, however, was the heart and soul and mind of the movement. When Reagan’s policies helped bring down the Soviet empire and end the Cold War, it was a victory for National Review, too. Since November 1955, Burnham and others had promoted an offensive strategy of victory — a strategy that Reagan implemented to defeat the “evil empire.”
They forgot — or never understood — James Burnham’s political advice that NR should support the most right-leaning electable candidate.
Victory can lead to magnanimity (as Churchill counseled) or hubris. In National Review’s case, it led to hubris. The neoconservatives who joined National Review to help Reagan win the Cold War soon looked for other enemies to slay. First came the Gulf War in 1991. Then humanitarian intervention in the Balkans. Then NATO enlargement. Then the Afghan and Iraqi wars and the Global War on Terror. NR mostly cheered on Bush 43 as he sought to remake the Middle East in America’s image. By that time, Burnham was gone, and Buckley had moved away from daily supervision of the magazine. As John Judis, a Buckley biographer, noted, NR’s founder opposed the growing neoconservative influence of the magazine. The neocons were busy fighting World War IV, while Buckley sided with Jeane Kirkpatrick in wanting the U.S. to return to being a “normal country.”
Under Rich Lowry’s editorial guidance, NR joined with neoconservatives to support extending America’s “unipolar moment.” But as so often happens, hubris led to nemesis. Afghanistan and Iraq became foreign policy debacles. NATO enlargement helped fuel Russian geopolitical aggressiveness. The failed Bush 43 presidency resulted in Obama’s presidency, which combined foreign policy amateurism with domestic policy radicalism. And after eight painful years of Obama, National Review began its final descent to irrelevance.
During the 2016 election season, NR effectively became a never-Trumper journalistic organ. Its editors devoted an entire issue to “Against Trump.” It was the result of a snobbish, insular political deafness to the rising populist movement in the GOP and the country at large. Trump just wasn’t their kind of conservative. He was “anti-intellectual” and crude. The policy-wonkish Rich Lowry and Jonah Goldberg, and others at the magazine, gradually slipped into Trump Derangement Syndrome (TDS). They forgot — or never understood — James Burnham’s political advice that NR should support the most right-leaning electable candidate. That candidate in 2016, 2020, and 2024 was Trump. But issue after issue of NR included anti-Trump screeds. And it hasn’t changed even after Trump’s remarkable victory in 2024.
So, here’s wishing National Review a happy 70th birthday. I was a subscriber for 40 years until the current editors squandered the great legacy of William F. Buckley Jr. Perhaps 70 is a good age at which to retire.
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