Department of Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy scoffed at an "asylum seeker" from India who whined that he can't renew his commercial driver's license because of new guidelines promulgated by the Trump administration, restricting access to American citizens and permanent residents. Duffy was referencing Vivak Sharma -- an immigrant from India...

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Episode Description: This week, Arielle and Karissa spotlight two game-changing breakthroughs: MIT’s new battery concrete, which could turn buildings into energy storage devices, and a Swedish study showing that low-dose aspirin may significantly reduce the risk of colorectal cancer recurrence in certain patients. We break down the science behind both discoveries—and how they might shape the future of our cities and our health. Want to be part of the Optimism Movement? Become an Emissary. Subscribe to our FREE Daily Newsletter and follow us on Instagram, X, and Blue Sky. The Optimist Daily is a project of the World Business Academy. Donate link: https://www.optimistdaily.com/donate-to-support-the-optimist-daily/?gift=Y%20http:// Transcript: Theme music  Arielle  Hello and welcome to the Optimist Daily’s Weekly Roundup. I’m Arielle.  Karissa  And I’m Karissa, and we’re working hard to put solutions in view and optimism in movement.  Arielle  Hello, hello! We are back with another episode of our pod to share the solutions from The Optimist Daily this week.  Karissa  If you want to get all of that positive news straight to your inbox, you can sign up for our free daily newsletter. The information is in the show notes.  Arielle  We are also all over social media, so feel free to follow us. We are @OptimistDaily on almost everything. That’s Instagram, Pinterest, etc. The only difference is on X. There we are @OdeToOptimism.  Karissa  Yep. And we also want to give a big shout-out to our Emissaries who support The Optimist Daily financially. If you want to find out how you can also become an emissary, find out how in the link in our show notes.   Arielle  Yes. Huge thank you to our Emissaries. And if money is tight, but you do want to support our mission in some way, then you can definitely do that through sharing our podcast. signing up for the free daily newsletter, interacting with us on social media, forwarding a story that is particularly touching to you to one of your loved ones or friends. That would be amazing. Now with all of that said and done, Karissa, how is your week going?  Karissa  My week is going fine so far, it’s been rainy, which is a welcome change. I think we’re going to have a pretty rainy winter, which will be needed. And how about you, Arielle? How’s it going with your week?  Arielle  I’m doing pretty well. There’s always a lot of rain here in Amsterdam during this season…   Karissa  Yes.  Arielle  …So if you’re ever lacking, I wish I could just send some to you!  Karissa  Yeah!  Arielle  The week has been good, busy as usual, but yeah, really excited for a relaxing weekend, hopefully.  Karissa  Yeah. Well, Arielle, do you have anything for the I’m An Optimist, But… to talk about today?  Arielle  Yes, and it’s very trivial and very personal to me. My nice mic that I invested some money into is not working right now! And maybe if you feel or hear the difference in the quality of the sound, that is because I’m using an old mic and I am slightly upset about it.   Karissa  Mm-hmm.   Arielle  That’s the I’m An Optimist, But… for me.  Karissa  I mean, that was me before… I think like maybe about a year ago, I was also struggling with my microphone, and it’s just a little upsetting when you can’t get it to work.  Arielle  Mm-hmm.  Karissa  I totally know where you’re coming from, Arielle.   Well, I’m An Optimist, But… I am really discouraged by the health and science leadership in the United States right now, and maybe other people share the same sentiment. There’s just been crazy things being said with baseless facts and a lot of destruction of funding for, you know.  Arielle  Mhmm.  Karissa  Universities and really critical research. That’s why I chose my solution that I’m going to share later about aspirin. So, yeah.  Arielle  All right. Well, I guess that means I’m going first.  Karissa  Yeah. I want to hear about your solution first today, Arielle, because it’s pretty interesting.  Arielle  The article that I’ve chosen to highlight today, titled Concrete that powers cities: scientists turn ancient material into giant batteries, is asking us to imagine buildings that don’t just stand in our cities but help power them too. I know it sounds quite futuristic, but thanks to some sharp minds at MIT, we’re getting surprisingly close to this reality. They’ve developed a new type of concrete that can actually store and release electricity. No cords, no traditional batteries. It’s called electron-conducting carbon concrete, or ec³. And that’s EC with like a… a little exponential 3.  Karissa  Futuristic indeed and I mean… Concrete as a battery? That sounds really fantastical. How does it even work?  Arielle  Yeah. I had the same reaction. So obviously I’m not going to get into the nitty gritty, heavy-duty science of it all, but I will try to break it down so that we can grasp the overall concept. The team at MIT, led by material scientist Admir Masik, took your basic concrete mix—so cement and water—and added ultra fine carbon black and an electrolyte. That combo creates a conductive nano network within the concrete. So, it’s like building tiny wiring into the material itself. This conductive network allows the concrete to charge and discharge electricity.  Karissa  OK, so the carbon particles kind of form a pathway for the electricity to move, it sounds like.  Arielle  Exactly. They actually used focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, or FIB-SEM for short, to visualize how the carbon pathways wrap around pores in the concrete. FIB-SEM is also super complex, but basically, it’s a high-tech combo of a nano chisel and a superpowered microscope. This lets researchers zoom in on the cement mix at the microscopic level and confirm that the carbon particles formed a connected network, essentially proving that the concrete could conduct electricity and not just hold up buildings. That’s what lets the electrolyte flow and the current travel. Which is pretty sci-fi! Honestly speaking, I had to look into this to be able to, uh, explain it in a way that is accessible. But I did get some of this extra information from the MIT News website itself.  Karissa  How much energy are we talking about? Is it enough energy to run your house?  Arielle  Not yet, but they are getting there. The newest version of ec³ is about 10 times more energy dense than earlier iterations. Right now, 1 cubic meter stores over 2 kilowatt hours of energy, which is enough to run a refrigerator for a whole day. The prior version needed 45 cubic meters to meet a typical home’s daily energy needs, and the upgraded formula brings that down to around 5.  Karissa  It sounds like this is quite a big leap, but I’m guessing it’s not replacing lithium-ion batteries anytime soon.  Arielle  Right. It’s not a direct competitor. Think of it more as infrastructure-based energy storage. You’re already building homes, roads, and parking lots. Why not make that concrete work for us? It’s especially exciting for renewable energy, where storing excess power from solar or wind is a huge challenge right now. MIT researcher James Weaver said what excites them most is how this ancient material is being given a whole new job. You take something as old as concrete and show that it can do something totally novel, which is kind of poetic in my mind.  Karissa  Yeah, it is pretty poetic. But are we still talking just lab tests here, or is this out in the real world yet?  Arielle  Good question. They actually built a miniature arch out of ec³ and it powered a 9-volt LED light and supported weight. Even cooler is that when they added stress to the arch, the light flickered, so the material could potentially monitor its own structural health in real time, which has a lot of benefits in terms of safety and maintenance.  Karissa  Well, that’s pretty awesome.  Arielle  Yeah. And there are other practical uses already being explored. For instance, in Sapporo, Japan, ec³ slabs are being tested to melt snow off sidewalks using internal heat. So, it’s not just a battery; it could also prevent winter slips and falls. And I got that info also from the ec³ MIT website.  Karissa  Alright, so real-world potential here. Energy storage, self-monitoring, and snow-melting sidewalks. What’s next?  Arielle  The team is still working on improving scalability, safety, and how the material behaves over time, but they are optimistic, which is what we’re all about. And researchers like Franz-Josef Ulm from MIT’s Concrete Sustainability Hub say these multifunctional concretes could be the start of an architectural revolution.  Karissa  Yeah, well, from the Romans building the Pantheon, to MIT powering cities with concrete, who knew cement could still be revolutionary?  Arielle  I’d like to think that the Romans would be pretty impressed. They made concrete that lasted literal millennia. Now we’re asking concrete to last and power our lives, so it’s kind of a story of history, science, ence and climate innovation all rolled into one.  Karissa  Yeah, absolutely. Thanks for sharing, Arielle.  Arielle  You’re welcome. I found it really fascinating! And science like this is not my strong suit, but I just really was interested in how this could actually affect our daily lives. But let’s turn to your solution, because you said that it’s kind of linked to feeling down about science and medicine funds being cut?  Karissa  Yeah, and just a lot of crazy talk about science and health. I’m sure this made global headlines… that Tylenol is linked to autism from our health secretary.  Arielle  Hmm. Yeah, I did see that.  Karissa  Yeah, that was kind of a crazy, baseless claim. Tylenol has been used for many years without concerns like this, and I think this solution was very fitting to see another over the counter drug that’s kind of similar to Tylenol. The title of it is called Low dose aspirin may cut risk of colorectal cancer returning in key patients, study shows and we love scientific studies that are peer reviewed.   A low cost, widely available drug might offer major protection against one of the most common cancers worldwide. New research out of Sweden suggests that a low daily dose of aspirin could significantly reduce the chance of colorectal cancer returning after surgery, but only for certain patients with specific genetic mutations.   These findings were published in the New England Journal of Medicine and stem from the Alascca trial, led by Professor Anna Martling at the Karolinska Institute. Her team followed more than 3500 colorectal cancer patients across Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland to determine whether aspirin could play a role in preventing cancer recurrence. After analyzing genetic tests from 2980 participants, the researchers identified that 1103 individuals, which amounts to about 37%, had mutations in the pathway called PI3K, known to be involved in colorectal cancer. So, these patients were randomly assigned to receive either 160 milligrams of aspirin daily or a placebo for three years following surgery.  Arielle  Wow, OK, lots of numbers. What exactly happened after three years?  Karissa  After three years, the study resulted in a dramatic 55% reduction in the risk of cancer returning among those who took aspirin.  Arielle  Oh, 55% is definitely a huge effect. How exactly does aspirin do the job?  Karissa  Aspirin has actually long been studied for its protective benefits in cardiovascular health and its role in cancer prevention has gained growing attention in recent years. But in this trial, the drug appeared to suppress inflammation, disrupt the PI3K pathway, and reduce the activity of blood platelets, which can shield tumor cells from the body’s immune system. Earlier research had actually shown aspirin’s, ability to help prevent colorectal cancer in individuals with hereditary conditions like Lynch syndrome, which is an inherited disorder that increases the risk for certain types of cancer like colorectal cancer. But its effectiveness in preventing recurrence after tumor removal remains an open question until now.  Arielle  This is extremely interesting, especially since aspirin is such an accessible medication.  Karissa  Yeah, that’s so key. By identifying those with PI3K mutations, healthcare providers could tailor post-surgical care and offer aspirin as a targeted cost-effective prevention strategy. But Professor Martling did emphasize the importance of routine genetic testing for colorectal cancer patients. And despite its accessibility and affordability, aspirin is not without its risks of course. In the trial, 4 participants experienced severe side effects, possibly related to aspirin. So, these findings underscore the need for careful risk-benefit assessments and consultation with healthcare providers before beginning long-term aspirin use, especially for individuals with underlying conditions or bleeding risks.  Arielle  OK, so there’s definitely a lot more work to be done. But still, it’s certainly a step forward in personalized cancer care that’s also affordable.   Karissa  Yes, exactly. And overall, experts believe this research adds to a growing body of evidence supporting aspirin as a tool in cancer prevention, but only when used strategically. Of course, more large and high-quality studies are needed to confirm who would benefit the most from the solution, and I have hope that that will continue in other countries that are not the United States (laughs) since this is taking place in Sweden, but…  Arielle  Yeah, really promising and definitely an example as to why science research and medical research need funding. There are literal lives on the line, and the solutions could be so simple.   Karissa  Yes.  Arielle  This is incredible news. Thank you so much for sharing it.  Karissa  Yeah, it was my pleasure. And I also felt uplifted by some of the other solutions we shared on the optimist daily this week.  Arielle  They include: The surprising history of pumpkins: from ancient staple to autumn icon. Singing therapy brings relief and joy to people with chronic breathlessness. How to help your dog live longer: 6 vet-approved tips for a healthy, happy life. And How to raise confident kids: 5 expert back tips that actually work.  Karissa  We also have How NFL stadiums are tackling climate change, one solar panel and compost bin at a time. Why Amazon trees are growing bigger and what it means for the planet. Stronger after 40: the smarter way men should train to build muscle and avoid injury. And Baking a pie this fall? Don’t make these five classic crust mistakes.  Arielle  Great to see some seasonal stories on here as well. I hope all of our listeners have a wonderful autumnal time!  Karissa  Enjoy the season, everyone, and we will be back next week with more solutions!  Arielle  All right. Bye!  Karissa  Bye!  The post Podcast Transcript October 17, 2025—Can concrete power cities? Can aspirin prevent cancer? The science says maybe. first appeared on The Optimist Daily: Making Solutions the News.

BY THE OPTIMIST DAILY EDITORIAL TEAM When each breath feels like a struggle, even speaking can feel like a chore. But for a growing number of people with chronic lung conditions, the path to relief might just be set to music. A recent study has shown that online group singing can significantly improve the quality of life for people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD), both of which often cause chronic breathlessness. Led by Professor Natasha Smallwood, a respiratory specialist at The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, the research offers hope and harmony to those with limited treatment options. “Chronic breathlessness is a common and highly distressing symptom for people with COPD and ILD,” said Smallwood. “Yet there is a lack of safe, effective, and acceptable treatment options for managing this symptom.” A tune-up for tired lungs While group singing has long been used to support people with neurological or mental health conditions, its benefits for people with lung disease were less well documented. That’s where the SINFONIA study comes in (yes, that’s Italian for “symphony”). The randomized controlled trial included 101 participants, with 64 diagnosed with COPD and 37 with ILD. Half the group joined a 12-week online singing program, while the others received standard care, which included everything from medication and vaccines to self-management education. Zoom choirs and breathing breakthroughs Each week, the singing group logged onto 90-minute Zoom sessions run by a registered music therapist. Sessions included breathing warm-ups, vocal exercises, learning classic songs like “Let It Be” and “Can’t Help Falling in Love,” and, perhaps just as importantly, a chance to chat and connect. Participants also received recordings to practice at home. Turns out, singing your heart out really can make a difference. On average, those in the singing group scored 7.4 points higher on the SF-36 questionnaire, which measures health-related quality of life across multiple domains. The improvements were particularly notable among participants who attended at least eight of the twelve sessions. “We saw the greatest improvements in the domains that measure limitations due to physical health or emotional problems,” said Smallwood. Music, mood, and measurable change Not all participants experienced the same benefits in the same way, but the researchers found notable improvements among women, people with anxiety or depression, and those who hadn’t previously completed a pulmonary rehab program. “The way in which group singing improves quality of life remains unclear and may vary for different participants,” said Smallwood. “But it could be due to better control of breathing, social connection, or mood improvements.” The study’s playful delivery method didn’t come at the expense of serious science. Singing, it turns out, may do more than lift spirits; it can offer a non-invasive, accessible way to support lung health. Notes from the future of care Presented recently at the European Respiratory Society (ERS) Congress in Amsterdam, the SINFONIA trial adds to a growing body of research that embraces creativity in healthcare. While more studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind the improvements, one thing is clear: breath by breath, note by note, singing therapy is hitting the right tone.The post Singing therapy brings relief and joy to people with chronic breathlessness first appeared on The Optimist Daily: Making Solutions the News.

BY THE OPTIMIST DAILY EDITORIAL TEAM Pumpkin spice lattes, jack-o’-lanterns, and Thanksgiving pies: pumpkins are the unofficial mascots of fall. But behind their seasonal charm lies a deeper, more complicated story that winds through language, history, agriculture, and even a little insult comedy. “Pumpkins are more popular than ever,” says Cindy Ott, associate professor of history at the University of Delaware and author of Pumpkin: The Curious History of an American Icon. But our obsession with this humble gourd, she notes, is tied less to flavor and more to a nostalgic longing for simpler, rural times. “People are buying these things, even pumpkin spice lattes, because of these attachments, these very old-fashioned ideas about reverence of the small family farm.” A name with roots that twist like a vine The word “pumpkin” has always been more conceptual than botanical. According to Logan Kistler, curator of archaeobotany at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, the term refers to squash varieties bred to resemble the round, orange gourds we associate with fall. “Pumpkin isn’t exactly a botanical group,” he explains. Linguistically, the word has had quite a journey. Fiona McPherson of the Oxford English Dictionary traces it from the Greek pepon to the French pompon, which eventually morphed into the English “pompion” in the 1500s. “Pumpkin,” as we know it today, first appeared in print in 1647, ironically in reference to the meager diet of early settlers. But while the word took a European path, the plant itself is deeply American. Indigenous peoples across North, Central, and South America cultivated early pumpkin ancestors, domesticating different types of Cucurbita as far back as 10,000 years ago in Mexico. “Pumpkins are part of this genus Cucurbita,” says Kistler, noting that they were farmed widely throughout the Americas long before colonists arrived. From insult to endearment Surprisingly, it didn’t take long for the word “pumpkin” to go from dietary staple to verbal jab. By the late 1600s, it was being used as an insult. “It really did not take long for it to develop this figurative use,” says McPherson. Pumpkin became a shorthand for someone who was conceited, dim-witted, or full of hot air. Cindy Ott adds that gender played a role in the insult’s direction. For women, pumpkin imagery was linked to the body and “natural urges,” seen as a lack of refinement. For men, it implied an empty head. “It’s been used for politicians for hundreds of years,” she notes. A symbol of imagined agrarian purity By the late 19th century, the pumpkin was undergoing a cultural rehabilitation. It shifted from insult to affection, and from staple crop to nostalgic icon. “So Americans move out of the country, into the city, but they like to imagine themselves farmers at heart, many of them,” Ott explains. As industrialization transformed the U.S., the pumpkin came to symbolize the pastoral life being left behind. In poetry, paintings, and festivals, it became a stand-in for tradition and a romanticized vision of national roots. Today, that symbolism is being put to work, literally. Pumpkins are once again supporting small farmers, not as dietary staples but as attractions. Ott calls them “agrarian wonderlands,” where farms market autumnal experiences that hinge on the iconic gourd. “The cool thing about the whole story,” Ott says, “is that these very romantic ideas and myths that a lot of Americans tell themselves about their origin stories are actually helping to rejuvenate the very thing it represents: a small family farm.”The post The surprising history of pumpkins: from ancient staple to autumn icon first appeared on The Optimist Daily: Making Solutions the News.